ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT II

Semester 1
(BEKU 2333) 2021/2022
CHAPTER 5 ( WEEK 1)
Chapter 5
Two Port Networks
§ Impedance Parameter
DEFINITION
Port network
v It is a pair of terminals through which a current
may enter or leave a network.

Two-port network

v An electrical network with two seperate ports

network for input and output
 One port or two terminal
circuit

Two port or four terminal

circuit

• It is an electrical network
with two separate ports for
input and output.

• NO independent sources.

4
v Two-port network can be characterized into 2 types which are:

I1 I2

V1 V2

I2
I1 V1 V2
IMPEDANCE PARAMETERS

Assume no independent source in the network

V1  z11I1  z12 I 2 V1   z11 z12   I1   I1 

V2  z 21I1  z 22 I 2 V    z z   I   z  I 
 2   21 22   2   2

where the z terms are called the impedance parameters, or simply z

parameters, and have units of ohms.
6
Ø From
V 1  Z 11 I 1  Z 12 I 2
V2  Z 21 I1  Z 22 I2

Ø In order to obtain Z11 and Z21, connect a voltage V1 (or current source,I1) to
port 1 with port 2 open-circuited (I2=0)

Ø Thus,
V1 V2
Z 11  I2 0 Z 21  I2 0
I1 I1

Ø where: Z11 = open-circuit input impedance

Z21 = open-circuit transfer impedance from port 2 to port 1

Ø From
V 1  Z 11 I 1  Z 12 I 2
V2  Z 21 I1  Z 22 I2

Ø In order to obtain Z12 and Z22, connect a voltage V2 (or current source,I2) to port 2
with port 1 open-circuited (I1=0)

Ø Thus,
V1 V2
Z12  I1  0 Z 22  I1  0
I2 I2

Ø where:
Z12 = open-circuit transfer impedance from port 1 to port 2

Z22 = open-circuit output impedance

Example 1
Determine the Z-parameters of the following circuit.

1 2

1 2

V1 V2
z11  and z 21 
I1 I1
 z11 z12 
I 2 0 I 2 0

z  
V1 V2 z 21 z 22 
z12  and z 22 
I2 I2
60 40
I1  0 I1  0

z  
40 70  9
 Exercise 1
Obtain the z parameters for the network below:

Solution:

Ø Knowing that Z11 = open-circuit input

impedance:
V1
z 11   1  6 || ( 4  2 )  4 
I1

1 V2  2 I o  I1
Io  I
2 1
V2
z 21   1
I1
Ø Knowing that Z22 = open-circuit output impedance:

V2
z 22   2 || ( 4  6 )  1 .667 
I2

'
Io 
2 1
I2  I2 V1  6 I o '  I 2
2  10 6
V1 Thus
z 12   1 4 1 
I2
[z ]    
 1 1.667 
Example 2
Calculate I1 and I2 in the figure below:

Solution:

Ø We know: V 1  6 I 1  j 4 I 2 (1 )
V 2  - j4 I1  8 I 2 (2)

Ø We also know: V 2  0 and 230  V1  2I1 

 V1  230  2I1

Ø Substituting these into (1) and (2):

2  30   2 I 1  6 I 1  j 4 I 2 0  -j4 I 1  8 I 2

2  30   8 I 1  j 4 I 2   ( 4 ) I1   j2 I 2   (3 )
Ø Substituting (3) into
(4):

2  30    j16 I 2  j 4 I 2
2  30    j 20 I 2

Ø Solve this to get I2:

2  30 
I2   0 . 11 20  @ 0 . 1  60  A
20   90 

Ø By using (3) to solve this to get I1:

I 1  j 2 I 2  j 2 ( 0 . 1  120  )  0 . 2  2 1 0  @ 0 . 2  30  A
Chapter 5
Two Port Networks
§ Admittance Parameter
 15

ADMITTANCE PARAMETERS

Assume no independent source in the network

I1  y11V1  y12 V2 I1   y11 y12  V1  V1 

I 2  y 21V1  y 22 V2 I    y y  V   y V 
 2   21 22   2   2

where the y terms are called the admittance parameters, or

simply y parameters, and they have units of Siemens.
Ø From
I 1  Y11 V 1  Y12 V 2
I 2  Y 21 V 1  Y 22 V 2

Ø In order to obtain Y 11 and Y 21 , connect a current source,I 1 to port 1 and short-

circuiting port 2 (V2=0)

Ø Thus, I1 I2
Y11  V2  0 Y21  V2  0
V1 V1

Ø where:
Y11 = short-circuit input admittance

Y21 = short-circuit transfer admittance from port 1 to port 2

Ø From
I 1  Y11V1  Y12V 2
I 2  Y21V1  Y22V 2
Ø In order to obtain Y 12 and Y 22 , connect a current source,I 2 to port 2 and short-
circuiting port 1 (V1=0)

Ø Thus,
I1 I2
Y12  V1  0 Y22  V1  0
V2 V2

Ø where:
Y12 = short-circuit transfer admittance from port 2 to port 1

Y22 = short-circuit output admittance

Example 1
Determine the y-parameters of the following circuit.
1 2

1 2

I1 I2
y11  and y 21 
V1 V1
V2  0 V2  0  y11 y12 
y  S
 y 21 y 22 
I1 I2
y12  and y 22 
V2 V2
V1  0 V1  0
 0.75  0.5 
y  S
 0.5 0.625
18
 Example 1
Obtain the y parameters for the network below:

Solution:

V1  (6  6 || 3) I1  8 I1
I1 1
y 11  
V1 8

-6 - 2 V1 - V1
I2  I1  
63 3 8 12
I 2 -1
y 21  
V1 12
 ,

I2 1 1 1
y 22    
V2 3 || ( 3  6 || 6 ) 3 || 6 2

- Io 3 1
I1  Io  I2  I2
2 63 3

- I2  - 1  1  - V2 Thus:
I1     V 2    1 -1 
6  6  2  12  8 12 
[y ]   S
I1 -1  -1 1 
y 12    12 2 
V 2 12
Chapter 5
Two Port Networks
§ Transmission Parameter
 22

TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS

Assume no independent source in the network

V1  AV 2  BI 2 V1  A B  V2  V2 

I    C D  I   T   I 
I1  CV2  DI 2 1    2  2

where the T terms are called the transmission parameters, or simply T or

ABCD parameters, and each parameter has different units.
v useful in analysing transmission-line (cable, fibre) because they express sending- end
variables : V1 and I1, in terms of receiving-end variables : V2 and –I2

v the set of parameter relate input and output are:

V1  A V2  B I 2 V1 AB V2 
I1  C V2  DI 2
or in matrix
I   CDI 
form:
 1   2 

v A,B,C and D can be determined by:

where:
V1 V1
A I 2 0 B V2 0
V2 I2 A: open-circuit voltage ratio (dimensionless)
B: negative short-circuit transfer impedance (ohm)
I1  I1 C: open-circuit transfer admittance(siemens)
C I 2 0 D D:negative short-circuit current ratio
V2 I2
V2 0
(dimensionless)
Transmission parameters in terms of Z parameter:
Ø We know that:

V1  Z11 I1  Z12 I 2  equation 1 basic for T parameter :

V2  Z 21 I1  Z 22 I 2  equation 2 V1  A V2  B I 2
I1  C V2  DI 2
Ø From equation 2, we can get:

1 Z
I1  V2  22 I 2  equation 3
Z 21 Z 21

Ø by putting equation 3 inside equation 1:

V Z 
V 1  Z 11  2  22 I 2   Z 12 I 2
 Z 21 Z 21 
Z Z Z
V 1  11 V 2  11 22 I 2  Z 12 I 2
Z 21 Z 21
Z 11   Z 11 Z 22  Z 21 Z 12 
V1  V2  I2  
Z 21  Z 21 
Ø The determinant of Z is:

 Z11 Z12 
Z     Z11 Z 22  Z 21Z12
 Z 21 Z 22 

Ø Thus,

Z11   Z 
V1  V2  I 2    equation 4
Z 21  Z 21 
Ø Compare equation 3 and 4

Z11   Z 
V1  V2  I 2    equation 4 V1  AV 2  BI 2
Z 21 Z
 21 
I1  CV2  DI 2
1 Z
I1  V2  22 I 2  equation 3
Z 21 Z 21

Ø Finally:

Z11 Z 1 Z22
A B C D
Z21 Z21 Z21 Z21
Transmission parameters in terms of Y parameter:

Ø We know that:

I 1  Y 11 V 1  Y 12 V 2  equation 1
I 2  Y 21 V 1  Y 22 V 2  equation 2

Ø From equation 2:

 Y22 1
V1  V2  I 2  equation 3
Y21 Y21
Ø by putting equation 3 inside equation 1:

  Y 22 I2 
I 1  Y 11  V2    Y 12 V 2
 Y 21 Y 21  basic for T parameter :
Y Y Y
I 1  11 I 2  11 22 V 2  Y 12 V 2
Y 21 Y 21 V1  A V2  B I 2
  Y 11 Y 22  Y 21 Y 12  Y 11 I1  C V2  DI 2
I1   V 2  I2
 Y 21  Y 21

 Y Y
I1  V 2  11 I 2  equation 4
Y 21 Y 21

Ø Compare equation 3 and 4

 Y 22 1
V1  V2  I 2  equation 3
Y 21 Y 21 V1  AV 2  BI 2
 Y Y I 1  CV 2  DI 2
I1  V2  11 I 2  equation 4
Y21 Y21

Ø Thus
Y 1  Y Y11
A  22 B C D
Y21 Y21 Y21 Y21
Exercise 1
Obtain the transmission parameters for the network below:

Solution:
§ To get A and C, consider the circuit in Fig. (a).

I1 2 6 I2 = 0 V1 (2  4) I 1
A   1.5
+ V2 4 I1
+ V2
V1 4
- -

I1 I1
C   0.25 S
(a) V2 4 I 1
§ To get B and D, consider the circuit in Fig. (b).

I1 2 6 I2

+
+ V2 = 0
V1 4 -
-

,
(b)

-4 - I 1 10
I2  I1  D 
   2.5
10 I2 4

V1  (2  4 || 6) I 1  4.4 I 1
 1.5 11  
Therefore: [T]   
 0.25 S 2.5 
- V1 - 4.4 I 1
B   11 
I2 - 0.4 I 1
 THE END

GOOD LUCK FOR FINAL

EXAM!