Scribd
Upload
38 views

Pollution Ex English

Pollution refers to the introduction of substances or radiation into the environment that causes adverse effects on organisms inhabiting it. The main types of pollution discussed are plastic, chemical, noise, and light pollution. Plastic pollution affects marine species through ingestion or entanglement. Chemical pollutants like heavy metals have toxic effects on biodiversity. Noise pollution from sources like vehicles and sonar disrupts animal communication. Light pollution disrupts biological rhythms in some species. The major causes of pollution are energy production, industry, and agriculture. Pollution leads to consequences like reduced plant growth and crop yields as well as eutrophication. Proposed solutions include eliminating pesticides, not pouring oil down drains, investing in renewable energy

Uploaded by

Amal Elk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
38 views

Pollution Ex English

Pollution refers to the introduction of substances or radiation into the environment that causes adverse effects on organisms inhabiting it. The main types of pollution discussed are plastic, chemical, noise, and light pollution. Plastic pollution affects marine species through ingestion or entanglement. Chemical pollutants like heavy metals have toxic effects on biodiversity. Noise pollution from sources like vehicles and sonar disrupts animal communication. Light pollution disrupts biological rhythms in some species. The major causes of pollution are energy production, industry, and agriculture. Pollution leads to consequences like reduced plant growth and crop yields as well as eutrophication. Proposed solutions include eliminating pesticides, not pouring oil down drains, investing in renewable energy

Uploaded by

Amal Elk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Pollution

1-definiton
Pollution is the destruction or degradation of an ecosystem or the
biosphere by the introduction, generally human, of entities
(physical, chemical or biological), or of radiation altering the
functioning of this ecosystem1. Pollution has significant effects on
health and the biosphere, as evidenced by exposure to pollutants
and global warming which is transforming the Earth's climate and
its ecosystem, leading to the appearance of diseases hitherto
unknown in certain areas. geography, migrations of certain
species, even their extinction if they cannot adapt to their new
biophysical environment
2-kinds of pollution
. Plastic pollution
Plastic pollution affects all organisms that inhabit marine waters, up to
thousands of meters deep. This type of pollution causes the direct death of
many animals such as sea turtles or seabirds, which ingest it by mistaking it
for their food, or by causing entanglements (animals get tangled in plastic
waste).

In addition, the plastic breaks up into particles called microplastics, which


are less than 5 mm in size. They can then be ingested by marine species, in
particular phytoplankton at the base of the food chain, and have an
endocrine-disrupting type effect (when a molecule disrupts the functioning
of an organism by modifying the action of a hormone ). They then end up in
the food chain with possibly the same effects.

. Chemical pollution

Chemical pollutants, such as heavy metals (ETM), medicines and veterinary


products, in particular antibiotics and hormones, or phytosanitary
products, PCBs, HABs, etc., have many consequences on biodiversity since
they are found in the air, the soil, the water as well as the fauna and flora.
Their effects are not yet fully known.

These pollutants directly kill certain species, cause illnesses by


poisoning them, have effects on their reproduction (trigger the
feminization of fish in the Seine estuary, for example; weaken the
eggs of certain birds) or on their behaviour. They can also reduce
the quantity of food available (disappearance of insects due to
pesticides) or even unbalance food chains and entire ecosystems

. Noise pollution
Sound pollution is caused by the diffusion in the environment of
waves with unusual wavelengths, frequencies or intensities. Wave
pollution affects the entire frequency spectrum.
Sonar infrasound causes underwater noise pollution and disturbs
whales in particular, which use sound to communicate with each
other and hunt. Sound waves, induced for example by automobile
traffic, can disturb nesting birds. Ultrasound is the cause of
disorientation in bats. Finally, radio waves can disorient certain
species of birds.

Light waves have several harmful effects on biodiversity. They


disrupt the biological rhythms of organisms, for example by
inactivating melatonin, a hormone that triggers sleep. The
presence of lighting can disorient certain species such as
migrating birds, which use starlight to navigate at night. It is one
of the causes of fragmentation of natural environments.
3- The causes of pollution

The main causes of pollution

Today, the main causes of environmental pollution come first


from the production and use of various sources of energy, then
from industrial activities and, paradoxically but nevertheless
importantly, from agriculture.

Each of these fundamental causes of pollution will correspond to


innumerable sources of dispersion of polluting agents. The latter
take place from upstream (extractive industries) to downstream,
ie to domestic uses, which can come into play in certain cases
(fermentable organic matter polluting water, for example). Thus,
the consumption of chemical substances sold to the general public
plays a significant role in the contamination of the environment,
not to mention the considerable masses of fertilizers and
pesticides dispersed in rural areas by agricultural activities.

4-the consequences of pollution

Appearance of spots or necroses on plant leaves. These leaf


losses lead to reduced growth and weakening of plants, making
them more sensitive to parasitic attacks (insects, fungi) and
climatic hazards (drought)

weakening of plants and a sharp slowdown in their growth, which


is detrimental to the yields of agricultural crops. For example, in
France in 2010, a 15% loss in soft wheat yield, i.e. 6 million tonnes
of grain not produced, was attributable to air pollution (Economic
cost for agriculture of the impacts of air pollution by ozone.
APollO, ADEME, INERIS, APCA study, May 2019). The estimated
financial loss was €1 billion

eutrophication of environments due to nitrogen fallout from


emissions of nitrogen oxides NOx and ammonia (NH3) which lead
to the enrichment of environments and modify their chemical
balances

5-pollution solution
-Eliminate the use of pesticides and sprays

When planting your garden or caring for your plants, do not use
pesticides. Avoid all kinds of aerosols as well, or at least make sure
they're safe for the environment.

-Do not pour oil into the pipes


A single liter of cooking oil can contaminate up to 40,000 liters of water, not
to mention the damage it causes to pipes. Do not spill oil down any pipes,
either in the sink or in the toilet.
Alternatives? You can do different things. For example, when used oil is
cold, pour it into an old, unused oil or water tank and seal tightly. Then put
them in the “non-recyclable waste” containers or take them to an oil
recycling center.

They can also pour the used oil onto several sheets of crumpled up
newspaper to soak up as much of it as possible.

If possible, invest in renewable energy.

If possible, invest in renewable energy. Buy solar panels to supplement


your home's energy system. In the long run, you will also save a lot of
money.

Opt for reusable products

We know we want and need a more comfortable life, but durable


disposables are one of the most serious causes of non-biodegradable waste
accumulation.

For example, diapers make up 50% of the world's accumulated trash, and
many people throw them in the water, compounding the problem.

For nappies, try to use those made with biodegradable materials. They can
also opt for reusable eco-friendly nappies. There are more and more
options on the market that you can take advantage of.

This same example can be applied to other products. Before you buy
something, ask yourself if you really need it, what material it's made of, and
how you can impact the environment less by using it.

You might also like