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Unit 2 Motivation

1. The document discusses several theories of motivation including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Alderfer's ERG theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory. 2. It also covers topics like job satisfaction, job involvement, organizational commitment, creative thinking, and critical thinking as they relate to motivation in the workplace. 3. The key motivational theories presented provide frameworks for understanding how individual and environmental factors can motivate behavior and impact job performance.

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Om Jee Kesharwani
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48 views

Unit 2 Motivation

1. The document discusses several theories of motivation including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Alderfer's ERG theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory. 2. It also covers topics like job satisfaction, job involvement, organizational commitment, creative thinking, and critical thinking as they relate to motivation in the workplace. 3. The key motivational theories presented provide frameworks for understanding how individual and environmental factors can motivate behavior and impact job performance.

Uploaded by

Om Jee Kesharwani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Motivation at Work

Definition of Motivation

Motivation - the process of arousing and


sustaining goal-directed behavior
3 Groups of
Motivational Theories
w Internal
n Suggest that variables within the individual give rise
to motivation and behavior
n Example: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory

w Process
n Emphasize the nature of the interaction between the
individual and the environment
n Example: Expectancy theory

w External
n Focus on environmental elements to explain behavior

n Example: Two-factor theory


Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

SA

r
de Esteem
or
t
es
gh
hi

Love (Social)
t to
es
w
Lo

Safety & Security

Physiological
Alderfer’s ERG Theory

SA Growth
Esteem

Love (Social)
Relatedness
Safety & Security
Existence
Physiological
The Differences Between Maslow’s
Theory and the ERG Theory
• Maslow’s theory has five ascending levels, and the ERG
theory only has three levels.
• In the ERG theory, existence equates to Maslow’s first two
levels of physical and security needs, relatedness equates
to Maslow’s next two levels of social needs and ego needs,
and growth equates to Maslow’s final level of self-
actualization.
• Maslow believes each need is fulfilled one at a time in
ascending order, whereas Alderfer believes that more than
one need can be fulfilled at the same time.
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

Hygiene Factor - work condition related to


dissatisfaction caused by discomfort or pain
n maintenance factor

n contributes to employee’s feeling not dissatisfied

n contributes to absence of complaints

Motivation Factor - work condition related to the


satisfaction of the need for psychological growth
n job enrichment

n leads to superior performance & effort


Motivation–Hygiene
Theory of Motivation
• Company policy & Motivation factors
administration increase job satisfaction
• Supervision
• Interpersonal relations
• Working conditions • Achievement
• Salary • Achievement recognition
• Status • Work itself
• Security • Responsibility
• Advancement
• Growth
Hygiene factors avoid
job dissatisfaction • Salary?
SOURCE: Adapted from Frederick Herzberg, The Managerial Choice: To be Efficient or to Be Human. (Salt Lake City: Olympus, 1982). Reprinted by permission.
Sources of motivation at workplace
1. Being proud to be part of a team & mission that changes
peoples life for the better
2. Knowing your ideas matter and you can contribute to
something bigger than just your ego
3. Stretch assignments and coaches help you to grow individually
and as a team
4. You care about people, show vulnerability and you are willing
to support
5. You build on strength and positively reinforce desired
behaviors
6. Setting teams up for success by rehearsing adversity
7. Eliminate unproductive stressors
8. Define how good looks like
Job Satisfaction

w According to P. E. Spector, “Job satisfaction is the


extent to which people like or dislike their jobs.”
w Job satisfaction is the feeling and perception of a
worker regarding his/her work and how he/she feels
well in an organization. It indicates the extent of
employees’ positive or negative feelings towards
their jobs and organizational behavior tried to
improve it.
Job Involvement

w Job involvement, also referred to as job participation, is


the degree to which an employee identifies with their
work, actively participates in it, and derives a sense of
self-worth from it.
w When employees understand the potential for meeting
their personal and organizational needs for growth,
success, security, recognition, and contributing to the
team and organizational goals, they are more likely to
become more psychologically and emotionally invested
in their job and the company's mission.
Organizational Commitment

w Organizational commitment is defined as a view of an


organization’s member’s psychology towards his/her
attachment to the organization that he/she is working
for.
w Organizational commitment plays a pivotal role in
determining whether an employee will stay with the
organization for a longer period of time and work
passionately towards achieving the organization’s goal.
Creative thinking
w Creative thinking is the ability to consider something in
a new way. Employers in all industries want employees
who can think creatively and bring new perspectives to
the workplace.
w Creative thinking can involve:
n A new approach to a problem

n A resolution to a conflict between employees

n A new result from a data set

n A previously untried approach to earn revenue

n A new product—or product feature


Creative thinking
w Creative thinking means thinking outside the box.
Often, creativity involves lateral thinking, which is the
ability to perceive patterns that are not obvious.
Critical Thinking
w The ability to think critically calls for a higher-order thinking than
simply the ability to recall information.
w Definitions of critical thinking, Critical thinking has been described
as an ability to question; to acknowledge and test previously held
assumptions; to recognize ambiguity; to examine, interpret,
evaluate, reason, and reflect; to make informed judgments and
decisions; and to clarify, articulate, and justify positions
w Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively
and skilfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing,
and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by,
observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as
a guide to belief and action.

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