EIGRP
EIGRP
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EIGRP
EIGRP:
EIGRP Tables:
Configuring EIGRP:
Router(config-router)# no auto-summary
R1 Configuration: R2 Configuration:
en en
config t config t
hostname R2 hostname R2
H (Handle) Lists the neighbors in the order this router was learned.
Address The IP address of the neighbors
Interface The interface of the local router on which this Hello packet was
received.
Hold The amount of time left before neighbor is considered in “Down”
Status.
Uptime How long the neighbor has been up
SRTT (Smooth Round Trip Timer): If a multicast has failed, then a unicast is
send to that particular router, the RTO is the time in milliseconds that
the router waits for an acknowledgement of that unicast.
Q Cnt (Q Count): Shows the number of queued EIGRP packets. It is usually 0.
RTO (Retransmission Timeout): if a multicast has failed, then a unicast is sent
to that particular router, the RTO is the time in milliseconds that the
EIGRP Metric:
• EIGRP uses metric to select the best route from all available routes for destination.
• Metric has five components. 1. Bandwidth, 2. Load, 3. Delay, 4. Reliability and 5. MTU. From these
only bandwidth and delay are by default enabled.
Bandwidth (K1):
• EIGRP picks lowest bandwidth from all outing-going interfaces of route to the destination network.
• Bandwidth is amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time.
Load (K2):
Delay (K3):
Reliability (K4):
MTU (K5):
Autonomous System:
Where Bandwidth = 10000000/bandwidth (i), where bandwidth (i) is the least bandwidth of all outgoing
interfaces on the route to the destination network represented in kilobits.
Delay = delay (i) where delay (i) is the sum of the delays configured on the interfaces, on the route to the
destination network, in tens of microseconds.
Configuration:
R1 Configuration R2 Configuration
en en
Config t Config t
hostname R1 hostname R2
Commands Description
R1#Sh ip route eigrp First verify both routes in routing table
Equal path load balancing
D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 192.168.21.2, 00:13:50, F0/1
[90/409600] via 192.168.12.2, 00:13:50, F0/0
R1(config)#int f0/0 Enter interface mode
R1(config-if)#bandwidth 1000 Decrease the bandwidth to 1000
R1#sh ip route eigrp Verify again only one path now
D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 192.168.21.2, 00:00:38, F0/1
R1(config)#int f0/0 Verify again two path now
R1(config-if)#no band
R1(config-if)#no bandwidth 1000
D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 192.168.21.2, 00:00:21, F0/1 Verify again only one path now
R1(config)#int f0/0 Enter interface mode
R1(config-if)#no delay 10000 Make the default delay again
R1#sh ip route eigrp Verify again two path now
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 192.168.21.2, 00:00:13, F0/1
[90/409600] via 192.168.12.2, 00:00:13, Fa0/0
Packet Description
Hello Used to identify neighbors. They are sent as periodic multicasts.
Update Used to advertise routes, only sent as multicasts when something is changed.
Ack Acknowledges receipt of an update.
Query Used to find alternate paths when all paths to a destination have failed.
Reply Used to response to query packets about routing information.
Hello:
Update:
Query:
• EIGRP sends query packets used to find alternate paths when all paths to a destination have
failed.
• Query packets are always multicast.
Reply:
ACK:
• ACK packets are used to acknowledge the receipt of update, query and replay packets.
• ACK packets are sent by using unicast.
EIGRP Terminologies:
Advertised Distance (AD)/Reported Distance (RD): The cost from the neighbor to the destination.
Feasible Distance (FD): The total cost to reach a destination network.
Successor: The primary route used to reach a destination. The successor route is kept in the routing
table. Notice that successor is the best route to that destination.
Feasible Successor: The backup route. To be a feasible successor, the route must have an AD less than
the FD of the current successor route.
Lab Time:
R1 Configuration R2 Configuration
En En
Config t Config t
Hostname R1 Hostname R2
Int e0/0 Int e0/0
Ip add 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0 Ip add 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
No sh No sh
Int e0/1 Int e0/1
Ip add 192.168.21.1 255.255.255.0 Ip add 192.168.21.2 255.255.255.0
No sh No sh
Router eigrp 1 Int lo 0
Network 192.168.12.0 Ip add 2.2.2.2 255.0.0.0
Network 192.168.21.0
Router eigrp 1
Network 192.168.12.0
Network 192.168.21.0
Network 2.0.0.0
EIGRP Summarization:
Auto-Summarization:
• Auto Summarization is a feature, which allows Routing Protocols to summarize its routes to
their classful networks automatically.
• By default, EIGRP has auto summary feature enabled. Because of this, routes are summarized to
classful address at network boundaries in the routing updates.
• The Auto-Summarization can be disabled with a command of no auto-summary from the router
prompt.
R1 Configuration R2 Configuration
en en
config t config t
hostname R1 hostname R2
int lo 0 int lo 0
ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
int lo 1 int lo 1
ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 ip add 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
int lo 2 int lo 2
ip add 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 ip add 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
int lo 3 int lo 3
ip add 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 ip add 172.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
Commands Description
R1(config)#router eigrp 1 Enter EIGRP mode
R1(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 Advertise all networks
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary Disable auto summary feature
R2(config)#router eigrp 1 Enter EIGRP mode
R2(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 Advertise all network
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary Disable auto summary feature
R1#show ip route eigrp View routing table for EIGRP all four networks of 172 present in
table
R2(config)#router eigrp 1 Enter EIGRP mode
R2(config-router)#auto-summary Enable auto summary feature
R1#show ip route eigrp Again, view routing table for EIGRP
Only summary route 172.16.0.0/16
• The manual summarization is a process of creating a summary route that will be used to
represent multiple routes and can be used to reduce the sizes of routing tables in a network.
• Manual summarization is configured differently on different protocols.
• The syntax of the command is (config-if) ip summary-address eigrp ASN SUMMARY_ADDRESS
SUBNET_MASK.
Advantages of Summarization:
• Saves Memory: Routing tables will be smaller which reduces memory requirements.
• Saves Bandwidth: There are less routes to advertise so we save some bandwidth.
• Saves CPU Cycles: Less packets to process and smaller routing tables to work on.
• Stability: Prevents routing table instability due to flapping networks.
Lab-Manual Summarization:
192.168.1.0
192.168.4.0
192.168.00000 100. 0
Commands Description
R1(config)#router eigrp 1 Enter EIGRP mode
R1(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 Advertise all networks
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary Disable auto summary feature
R2(config)#router eigrp 1 Enter EIGRP mode
R2(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 Advertise only 1 network
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary Disable auto summary feature
R2#show ip route eigrp View routing table for EIGRP all four networks of
192.168. present
R1(config)#interface f0/0 Enter interface mode facing R2
R1(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 1 Enter summary route to send
192.168.0.0 255.255.248.0
R2#show ip route eigrp Check again routing table only summary route
192.168.0.0/21 only
R1#show ip route eigrp Checking summary route in R1
192.168.0.0/21 is a summary, Null0
• Load balancing is a router’s capability to distribute traffic over all of its network ports that are
the same metric from the destination address.
• By default, the CISCO IOS balances between a maximum of four equal-cost paths for IP.
• EIGRP support Equal Cost and Unequal Cost loading balancing.
Commands Description
(config)#router eigrp 1 Apply this on both R1 and R2
(config-router)#no auto-summary Disable auto summary
(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 Enable EIGRP for all networks
R1#show ip route eigrp Check routing table for EIGRP equal 2 paths
R1#show ip eigrp topology Check EIGRP topology table for all paths
R1(config)#router eigrp 1 Enters EIGRP routing mode
R1(config‐router)# maximum-paths 1 To disable equal cost load balancing set 1
R1#show ip route eigrp Check routing table for EIGRP now 1 path
R1(config)#router eigrp 1 Enters EIGRP routing mode
R1(config‐router)# maximum-paths 4 Enable back equal cost load balancing
• EIGRP can also balance traffic across multiple routes that have different metrics and it is called
Unequal-Cost Load Balancing.
R1 Configuration: R2 Configuration:
en en
config t config t
hostname R1 hostname R2
int e2/0
ip add 192.168.13.1 255.255.255.0 int f1/0
no sh ip add 192.168.25.1 255.255.255.0
no sh
R3 Configuration: R4 Configuration:
en en
config t config t
hostname R3 hostname R4
int f0/0
int e2/0 ip add 192.168.25.2 255.255.255.0
ip add 192.168.13.2 255.255.255.0 no sh
no sh
int f1/0
int f0/0 ip add 192.168.35.2 255.255.255.0
ip add 192.168.35.1 255.255.255.0 no sh
no sh
int lo 0
router eigrp 1 ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
no auto-summary
network 0.0.0.0 router eigrp 1
no auto-summary
network 0.0.0.0
Now we can see topology table show two route but in routing table only one is coming which is best.
Then go to eigrp
R1(config)#router eigrp 1
R1(config‐router)#variance 3