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Math 237P02 - Diff - Eqns - Part 1 - 2012023-2

This document is the introduction to a chapter on differential equations. It defines key terms related to variables, functions, and differential equations. It provides examples of solving differential equations and verifying whether solutions satisfy given differential equations. It also discusses obtaining general solutions to differential equations and eliminating arbitrary constants from solutions. Finally, it examines finding the differential equation that describes common families of curves, such as parabolas and circles.

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Shunsui Sy
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34 views

Math 237P02 - Diff - Eqns - Part 1 - 2012023-2

This document is the introduction to a chapter on differential equations. It defines key terms related to variables, functions, and differential equations. It provides examples of solving differential equations and verifying whether solutions satisfy given differential equations. It also discusses obtaining general solutions to differential equations and eliminating arbitrary constants from solutions. Finally, it examines finding the differential equation that describes common families of curves, such as parabolas and circles.

Uploaded by

Shunsui Sy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

01/10/2023

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


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DEFINITION OF TERMS
Recall : VARIABLES and FUNCTIONS

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


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VERIFY whether the following statements are TRUE OR FALSE
𝑑2 𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦
1.) 𝑦 =𝑥3 𝑥2
+ 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 is a solution to − − 3𝑥 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐶1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶2 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠.

23/01/2023

Prepared by: Mr. Juan P. Dela Cruz


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VERIFY whether the following statements are TRUE OR FALSE

1 𝑑𝑦 3
2 2 𝑑𝑦
2.) 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐷. 𝐸. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 .
8 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

23/01/2023

Prepared by: Mr. Juan P. Dela Cruz


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VERIFY whether the following statements are TRUE OR FALSE
1 𝑑𝑦 2 1 𝑑2𝑦
3.) 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥2 + 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 − = 𝑥 2 − 𝑙𝑛𝑦.
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2

23/01/2023

Prepared by: Mr. Juan P. Dela Cruz


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𝒅𝒏 𝒚
OBTAINING SOLUTIONS TO D.E. of the form = 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒅𝒙𝒏

To solve a D.E. means to find a non-derivative equation that will

satisfy the given differential equation.

23/01/2023

Prepared by: Mr. Juan P. Dela Cruz


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EXAMPLES:
𝑑2𝑦 1
Example: Solve the D.E. = given that when 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
and when 𝑥 = 1, = 2.
𝑑𝑥

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𝑑3𝑦
Example: Solve the D.E. = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 ′ = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ′′ = 1.
𝑑𝑥 3

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23/01/2023

Prepared by: Mr. Juan P. Dela Cruz


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ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANTS
• Examples: Eliminate the arbitrary constants :
𝐶
1.) 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 + 2.) 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑥

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ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANTS
• Examples: Eliminate the arbitrary constants :
3.) 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑚 4.) 𝑟 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 + 𝐵 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑦
𝜔 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡.

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D.E. of FAMILIES OF CURVES
• Examples:
Find the D.E. of the family of :
1.) parabolas with vertices on the y-axis.

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D.E. of FAMILIES OF CURVES
2. Circles with centers on the x-axis.

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D.E. of FAMILIES OF CURVES
3.) ellipses with centers at the origin and major axis is the x-axis.

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D.E. of FAMILIES OF CURVES

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