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Lecture 8

This document summarizes key concepts about particle equilibrium from a lecture on engineering mechanics. It defines particle equilibrium, describes the use of free body diagrams to analyze particle equilibrium problems, and provides examples of solving for tensions in cables supporting particles at various angles. Sample problems are given at the end for students to practice these concepts.

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Mr. Danish Saeed
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37 views

Lecture 8

This document summarizes key concepts about particle equilibrium from a lecture on engineering mechanics. It defines particle equilibrium, describes the use of free body diagrams to analyze particle equilibrium problems, and provides examples of solving for tensions in cables supporting particles at various angles. Sample problems are given at the end for students to practice these concepts.

Uploaded by

Mr. Danish Saeed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4/27/2023

Engineering Mechanics
Lecture 8

Engr. Danish Saeed


Lecturer
Department of Civil Engineering
KFUEIT, RYK

Conditions of Equilibrium of a Particle


 A particle is said to be in equilibrium if it remains at rest if
originally at rest, or has a constant velocity if originally in
motion.
 We can define the equilibrium as;

“When the resultant of all the forces acting on a particle is


zero, the particle is in equilibrium”

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Conditions of Equilibrium of a Particle


 Most of the time, the term “equilibrium” or specifically “static
equilibrium” is used to describe an object at rest.
 To maintain equilibrium, it is necessary to satisfy Newton’s first
law of motion, which requires the resultant force acting on a
particle to be equal to zero
 This condition is stated by the equation of equilibrium,

The Free-Body Diagram


 To apply the equation of equilibrium, we must consider all the
known and unknown forces (∑F) which act on the particle.
 To do this, think of the particle as isolated and “free” from its
surroundings.
 A drawing that shows the particle with all the forces that act
on it is called a free-body diagram (FBD).

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Conditions of Support and Attachment


 Two types of supports are often encountered in particle
equilibrium problems.

 Cables and Pulleys


 Smooth Contact

Conditions of Support and Attachment


Cables and Pulleys.
 A cable can support only a tension or “pulling”
force, and this force always acts in the
direction of the cable.
 The tension force developed in a continuous
cable which passes over a frictionless pulley
must have a constant magnitude to keep the
cable in equilibrium as shown in figure 6-1b
Figure 6-1

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Conditions of Support and Attachment


Smooth Contact.
 If an object rests on a smooth surface,
then the surface will exert a force on
the object that is normal to the surface
at the point of contact.
 In addition to this normal force N, the
cylinder is also subjected to its weight
W and the force T of the cord. As
shown in figure 6-2 Figure 6-2

Free Body Diagram


 Consider the 75-kg crate
shown in figure 6-3a.
 This crate was lying between
two buildings, and it is now
being lifted onto a truck.
 It is desired to determine the
tension in each of the ropes
AB and AC.

Figure 6-3a

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Free Body Diagram


 In order to solve this problem, a free-body diagram
showing a particle in equilibrium must be drawn.
 Since we are interested in finding the force in the
rope, the free-body diagram should include at least
one of these forces or, if possible, both forces.
 Point A is seen to be a good free body for this
problem.
 The free-body diagram of point A is shown in figure
6-3b. Figure 6-3b

Example 6.1
 Determine the tension in cables BA and BC necessary to support
the 60-kg cylinder in figure 6-4a.

Figure 6-4a

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Example 6.1
 Due to equilibrium, the tension force in cable BD is equal and
y
opposite to weight of cylinder.
 Considering the free body diagram of cylinder; TBD

𝐹 =0
x
𝑇 − 60 9.81 = 0
𝑇 = 588.6 𝑁

Figure 6-4b

Example 6.1
 To determine the tension forces in cables BA
and BC, we will consider the free body
diagram of ring at B.
 Applying the equations of equilibrium in x
and y axis, we get;

(I)
Figure 6-4b
(II)

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Example 6.1
 The first equation can be written as;
(III)

 Substituting this in second equation;

 Substitute this in eq. (III)

Example 6.2
 The 200-kg crate in Fig. 6-5a is suspended
using the ropes AB and AC. Each rope can
withstand a maximum force of 10 kN
before it breaks. If AB always remains
horizontal, determine the smallest angle θ
to which the crate can be suspended
before one of the ropes breaks.
Figure 6-4b

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Example 6.2
 Free Body Diagram.
 Considering the equilibrium of ring at A;
 The magnitude of FD is equal to the
weight of the crate

Figure 6-4b

Example 6.2
 Applying the equations of equilibrium
along x and y axis

(1)

Figure 6-4b

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Example 6.2
 Applying the equations of equilibrium
along x and y axis

(2)

 From Eq. (1), FC is always greater than FB


since cos θ ≤ 1.
Figure 6-4b

Example 6.2
 Therefore, rope AC will reach the maximum tensile force of 10 kN
before rope AB.
 Substituting FC = 10 kN into Eq. (2), we get;

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Example 6.2
 The force developed in rope AB can be obtained by substituting the
values for u and FC into Eq. (1)

Assignment Problems
 Q 6-1: If the mass of cylinder C is 40 kg, determine the mass of
cylinder A in order to hold the assembly in the position shown.

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Assignment Problems
 Q 6-2: Determine the tension force in cable AC and rope BC.

20o

Assignment Problems
 Q 6-3: The cables ABC and BD can each
support a maximum load of 100 lb.
Determine the maximum weight of the
crate, and the angle θ for equilibrium.

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