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Week 3 Module 5 (4th LECTURE) Minerals and Rocks

This document provides a lesson on minerals and rocks. It begins by outlining the objectives of identifying common rock-forming minerals, classifying rocks, and describing how minerals are found and used. It then discusses that minerals are important in everyday items like glass, pencils, toothpaste, and coins. It defines a mineral as having a crystalline structure and definite chemical composition and being formed through geological processes. It explains the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and the rock cycle. It concludes with an evaluation asking students to answer true/false questions about minerals and provides a performance task to create a concept map.

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Marvin Salvador
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67 views

Week 3 Module 5 (4th LECTURE) Minerals and Rocks

This document provides a lesson on minerals and rocks. It begins by outlining the objectives of identifying common rock-forming minerals, classifying rocks, and describing how minerals are found and used. It then discusses that minerals are important in everyday items like glass, pencils, toothpaste, and coins. It defines a mineral as having a crystalline structure and definite chemical composition and being formed through geological processes. It explains the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and the rock cycle. It concludes with an evaluation asking students to answer true/false questions about minerals and provides a performance task to create a concept map.

Uploaded by

Marvin Salvador
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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St.

Therese Montessori School of San Pablo


Brgy. San Nicolas, San Pablo City 4000

Earth and Life Science


First Semester, SY 2020-2021

UNIT 2: EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES


LESSON 5: Minerals and Rocks

I. Objectives:

1. identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties;
2. classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic;
3. identify the minerals important to society ;
4. describe how ore minerals are found, mined, and processed for human use;
5. cite ways to prevent or lessen the environmental impact that result from the
exploitation, extraction, and use of mineral resources
II. Motivation (5 mins.): The teacher will ask the students
1. Why are minerals important?

III. Lesson Proper: EARTH’S SUBSYSTEMS

 Minerals are important because: We use them in everyday life!


 Glass (Quartz)
 Lead in pencil (Graphite)
 Toothpaste (Fluorite)
 Coins and wiring (Chalcopyrite, from which most copper metal is made
 White paint (Rutile and Ilmenite)
 Makeup (Talc, Muscovite)
1. Minerals

 How many minerals are there in the world?


o Over 4200 different minerals!
o But only 100 are common
 Ones that are more rare include:

 What is a mineral?
 A mineral must have…
o A crystalline structure-
 Minerals are made of molecules, and a crystalline structure is a
repeated pattern of those molecules.
 The crystalline structure explains the geometric shapes that crystals
take on when they grow under favorable conditions.
 Crystals will keep growing…and growing forever, as long as they
have the chemical elements and the environmental conditions
necessary.
o A definite chemical composition
 A mineral must be…
o Formed by geological processes
 They can’t be man-made so steel is not a mineral.
o Inorganic
 Not living and not made by living things.
 Shells are not a type of mineral but they they are made of solid
materials (biominerals) similar to some inorganic minerals.
o Solid
 Minerals may be dissolved in liquids but they themselves are not
liquid.

 How are minerals formed?

 Many minerals crystallize from liquids, principally magma/lava (molten rock), hot
waters (e.g., geysers), or oceans. 

 Others are formed when rocks are re-buried below the Earth’s surface and exposed
to high pressure and temperature. The minerals become unstable and they
exchange chemical elements. This forms new minerals.

2. Rocks
 Rocks are made of minerals

 There are 3 main types of rocks:


o Igneous rocks
 Deep in the earth the temperatures are so high that materials, including
minerals, melt and form magma.
 When the magma cools, it becomes rock.
E.g., granite, basalt.

o Metamorphic rocks
 When rocks are re-buried below the Earth’s surface and exposed to high
pressure and temperature, the minerals become unstable and they
exchange chemical elements.
 This forms new minerals. This may also cause some grains to grow and
others to shrink.

 This process produces new types of rocks that are different in composition
and texture from the originals.
E.g., bands of minerals are folded in gneiss.
o Sedimentary rocks
 Sediments come from the erosion of
previously existing rocks, dissolved
minerals that precipitate out of
solution, or the remains of plants
and animals.
 Loose sediment accumulates in beds and, over time, becomes compressed
and cemented together.
These types of rocks are
usually layered.
 E.g., limestone and sandstone.

The Rock Cycle: Always Recycling

Mineral Identification

 The two most important properties that scientists use to identify minerals are:
o chemical composition (e.g., via microprobe
analysis)
o crystal structure (e.g., via X-ray diffraction
analysis), which is reflected in the mineral's crystal symmetry and shape

 Other properties that scientists use to help identify minerals include:


o Colour
o Luster (how the surface reflects light)
o Streak (the mark it leaves on a ceramic plate)
o Hardness
o Magnetism
o Crystal system (crystal shape and the way in which the crystals are arranged)

IV. Evaluation:
A. Test yourself:
Read each question and answer carefully. Try to answer all questions. TRUE OR
FALSE: Write SCIENCE if the statement is true and write EARTH if the statements
is false. Write your answers on the space provided. Write your answers in
UPPERCASE.

_______________1. Gold and silver are examples of rare mineral.


_______________2. Over thousands of minerals in the world, only 100 are common.
_______________3. Mineral must have a crystalline structure.
_______________4. Mineral must have a definite chemical composition.
_______________5. A mineral must be formed by geological processes.
_______________6. A mineral must be inorganic.
_______________7. A mineral must be solid.
_______________8. Minerals are made of molecules, and crystalline structure that is a
repeated pattern of those molecules.
_______________9. Ice is a mineral.
_______________10. Water is a mineral.
_______________11. Minerals are made up of regularly arranges atoms.
_______________12. Minerals grow as distinct objects called crystals.
_______________13. Crystals are made up of only one type of mineral.
_______________14. Crystals can have different shapes, depending on how the groups of
atoms are arranged.
_______________15. A rock is a mass of many crystals from one or several minerals.
B. Performance Task:
Concept Mapping. Each students will make a graphic organizer regarding the topic. See
the sample below.

C. 1 Question A Day
Answer the 1QAD (1 Question a Day) given by the teacher.
1. What is the role of weathering and erosion in the rock cycle?
Cheating is a choice. Cheating is a crime. Therefore, when you choose to cheat, you choose to commit a crime.
Teacher Marj and Teacher Marvz (2019)

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