Ethiopian Technical University Bahir-Dar Satellite Campus Reinforced Concrete Structure —I ‘By Habtamu T. 1Example-4.1 Figure 1 shows a 5m simply supported beam. Design the beam with a given the characteristic permanent action (excluding self- weight) is 1.5 kN/m, characteristic variable action is 4.0 kN/m with a design life of 50 years, fire exposure = REI 60, exposure class = XC1, characteristic concrete strength, C25/30, high yield steel strength, S-400, Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3. Use: diameter of shear reinforcement = 8mm. 5m Figure 1 ‘By Habtamu T. 2)1) Durability and Concrete cover Durability Minimum indicative strength for class XC1 = C20/25, we are using 25/30. Ok (see the table below) Table.'f° Indicative minimum strength class Exposure Classes according to Table 3.6 Corrosion, Chloride induced Chloride induced CCarbonation-induced corrosion ae clean eetearaae xer_[xea_[-xes [-xca_ [x07 [x02 [x03] xsi] xs2 | xs3, Indecative Strath | c2q2s | casa0| 03007 3037 | casus | c3097 | C3545 Class Damage to Concrete Norsk Freeze/Thaw Attack ‘Chemical Atack x0 FT XF2 a] ALT xA2 AS EE owe] oon [em fom | cw | ee Concrete cover Concrete cover as per ES EN 1992-part Gia = Gran A Gage Coin = MAX {Chond, Cmin, dur-1O} ACgey= 10mm ‘By Habtamu T. 3The structural class for 50 years is 4. So for Structural class 4 and XC1, Cminjdur = 25mm Environmental Requirement Yor Gx, (rm) Seven [ Espoo Cee secring i Tee at class xe [x02 XC4_—[ XDTTXST | XO2THS? | KOSTAS a 20 2% 20 5. 20 3. 20 3 30 ra 30 35 30 35, 40 35, a0 5 Simin = MAX {Chond, Cmin, du,t0} = max{12mm,15mm,10mm} = 15mm Crom = Cin + ACgey = 15mMm+10mm = 25mm Concrete cover as per ES EN 1992-part * Min. required axis distance for simply supported beam with R60 fire resistance, a, can be referred from the following table; 42 Coom + Pint + Gar !2 Let us say the beam width is between axis distance 10 the side of beam for the comer bars (oF tendon oF wire) of beams with onty one. 150mm and 200. IAAT ISS TLT| «Then take a= 30mm as] fsSla dia Sis eis 3} ‘By Habtamu T.Crom for fire is =a - p3,/2 = 30-12/2=24mm Therefore, the nominal concrete cover = max {Com firey Cnomt = max{24mm,25mm} = 25mm 2) PRELIMINARY BEAM DIMENSION Option-1-from worldwide use beam dimensions * Span to depth ration, b/n 10 & 16 Therefore, take L/h=16 h=L/16=4400mm/16=275mm, take h=300mm Width to depth ratio, b/n 1.5 &2 Therefore, take h/b=2 b=h/2=280/2=140mm, take the most practical beam width of b=200mm ‘By Habtamu T.Option-2-according to EBCS-1995 5.2.3 Requirements for Effective Depth to fulfil deflection requirement d= 04+ 06) % 400 B, Table $.1 Values of 8, (Eq. 5.3) Simply End | Interior | Cantilevers Supported | Spans | Spans Beams 20 4 28 10 Slabs (@ Span ratio = 2:1 25 30 35 2 () Span ratio = 1:1 35 40 45 10 Flat slabs (based on longer span) 24 Tote: For slabs with intermediate span ratios Tnterpolate nearly d= (0.4 +06 200) 49 ~ 999 fh ”400) 20 — 12 therefore,h = 220+25+8+ a = 259mm, take h = 300 And take the most practical beam width of b=200mm ‘By Habtamu T. 6Option-3-from deflection requirement according to ES EN 1992 sia > l 2. Po ! Pot ele |, eK sisyf +3.2Vf,| 2-1] lites ==KI+15/f, tah |F lif o> p, a + Nhat Nal ) if psp, a « Mla oa Vp, P>P, Assume the concrete may highly stressed, p = 1.5% = 0.015 > p,J The table shown below indicates that for p = 1.5%, simply supported beam, see table below ‘Structural System Ll = 14 for 1 Sensis i een | Cone NAY eS 26 ‘slab supported on columns without 2s Doama {Hat slab) (eased on longer span) Where L is the effective length, L= lepp = 4.4m = 4400mm Then, d =+ =“ = 314mm 14 14 ‘By Habtamu T.Therefore, =h =d + Com + Qstirup + Pvar/, = 314+ 2548+ 2 = 403mm 2 However, the value of |/d chosen may generally conservative and calculation may frequently show that a thinner members as possible therefore, | will try the section obtained from option-2 as this option possibly agrees with the final result. Therefore, try h=300mm and b=200mm 3) ACTIONS (DESIG LOADS) v Beam self-weight = A.xY,= 0.3m x 0.2m x 25kN/m? = 1.5 kN/m Permanent load (excluding self-weight) = 1.50 kN/m Y Total permanent load, g, = 1.5+1.5 = 3kN/m Y Variable action, qk = 4.00 kN/m Y Design action, ng = 1.35DL + 1.5LL = 1.35 g, + 1.5 qk = 1.35x3kN/m +1.5x4kN/m = 10.05kN/m ‘By Habtamu T. 84) ANALYSIS OF ACTION EFFECTS 10.05kN/m ‘By Habtamu T. 95) DESIGN STRENGTH OF MATERIAL _ 0.85 fy _ 0.85*25 oer: 15 =14.16Mpa 400 - —— = 347.82Mpa Ja T35 “115 7 6) DESIGN THE REINFORCEMENT FOR BENDING Y Calculate pt value M Tbe da h— 2 = 900 — (Comer + glen » Romain a, ) = 300 — (25 +8+1)=261mm M 25410000 = Nmm = figbd? © 14.16 Mpa * 200 mm * (261 mm y° = 0.1317 b= 0.1317 < 0.295 top reinforcement is not required (it is ductile) but it implies to much large depth is used. Unless moment redistribution is applied the values of shall not be too smaller than 0.295 ‘By Habtamu T. 10Mm 25410000 Nam = {| = 174 4mm head 0.295 x14 .16 Mpax 200 i 2 h=d+a=174.4+ (Cover + glink + songtiudin al, =174.44 (2548+ 2) = 213.4mm So take h=250mm dlongtiudinal d=h-a=240 ~ (Cover + plink + S2netuatnaly _ 959 —(5 +8+ 12) = 211mm v Recalculate the design forces ng=9.71 Minax = WI2/8 = ngl?/8 = 9.71x4.4?/8 =23.5kNm Vinax = WI/2 = ngl/2 = 9.71x4.4/2 = 21.36kN 2 2 w= —M = __23500000 Nnm___ 9.186 < 0.295 Fabd? 14.16 Mpa * 200 mm * (211mm)? ssssese Ok (Now no top reinforcement is required) v cannes p value (reinforcement ratio) p=[- vita 2 = f- yr 2(ois6y] 446 MP2 _ 9 oossa9 ot 347 .82 Mpa ‘By Habtamu T. iY Calculate bottom area of reinforcement, A, A, = phd = 0.008449 x200 x211 = 356 .Smm * Y requirements for flexural reinforcement = Minimum reinforcements (A, nin) fetm 2/3 fo Seem = 9.3 fox for fy, < 50Mpa Som =9.3(25)°* = 2.565Mpa 2.565Mpa “400Mpa” Asmin = max{70.2mm?, 54.86mm?} As min = 70.2mm? AS Appian gusnunnneOh = Maximum reinforcements (A, ja.) Asmax = 0.04A¢ = 0.04x200mmx250mm = 2000mm? i i gg sree snane OK As min = max{0.26 bed, 0.0013b,d} Asmin = max{0.26 200mmx211mm, 0.0013x200mmx211mm} ‘By Habtamu T. R= Minimum spacing (S i.) Smin = max{bar diameter, max agregate size + 5,20mm} Smin = max{12mm, 20mm + 5mm, 20mm} Smin = 25mm v Number of bottom reinforcements and spacing Number of bars required As _ 356.5mm? n= 7,” 113.04mm2 = 3.15... ..take n=4 Number of bars that can be arranged in one row is; ny = C2 2Cnom+Ostiru))4S _ 200-2(25+8)425 i S4+Opar a 25+12 =429>4.. a Ok (it is possible to provide all bars in one row) Therefore, the spacing will be 5 = 22Grom+Ostirw)—NPpar _ 200-2(25+8)-(4"12) _ 99 ¢ n-1 4-1 sven SAY 28mm ‘By Habtamu T. 13Y Top reinforcement provided No need to provide the top reinforcement according to the design calculation, but a minimum of two reinforcements are required to keep the shear reinforcements at the required position. So provide 210 c/c 124mm. 7) DESIGN THE BEAM FOR SHEAR v Design shear force, Veq The closest inclined cracks that can occur adjacent to the supports will extend outward from the supports at roughly at maximum angle of crack inclination of 45°. \Vmax=21.36KN : ved ‘By Habtamu T. 14Therefore, V.4 = 16.98kKN ¢ link = 8mm number of leg = 2 Y calculate the concrete strut capacity for 8 = 22° Vad core=25 = 0.124 (1 —Z*) byd fox = 0.124 (1 — 3) 200 * 211+ 25 = 117.7kN Veacoto=2.5 = 117.7KN > Vgq = 16.98KN...... Ok v calculate the shear reinforcement Aw — __Vea__ S 0.94fywaCotd Aw a 16980 S — 09-211-347.82-2.5 v requirements = 0.10283mm Ww Pwamin = oon Le = 0.08% = 0.001 bwPwamin = 0.001 * 200 = 0.2 ‘By Habtamu T. 15= 0.10283mm < ypwmin = 0.2 Therefore, take “ = 0.2 Maximum longitudinal spacing for vertical stirrups St max = 0.75d = 0.75x211 = 158.25mm Maximum leg spacing St,max = 0.75d < 600mm Y calculate stirrup spacing mo nee Consider two leg of shear reinforcements: Asy, = 2x rar = = 100.53mm? ae 8 8502.65 MUM ae ve as ve ve es eee SY S = 500mm 0.2 0.2 Therefore, provide longitudinal stirrup spacing; S = min{500, 158.25} S = 158.25mm......... C/C spacing is S + Ostirup 58.25 + 8 = 166.25.......say 160mm ‘By Habtamu T. 16Y additional tensile force due to the shear force & the tensile reinforcement required This step can be ignored if the shifting rules are applied in the detailing. eld Additional force, AFrq = 0.5Vgqcoté AFrq = 0.5X16.98kNxcot22 = 21.18kN a aay _ 4Fra _ _21180N Additional tensile reinforcement, As -equirea = Tra = 347 82M = 60.91mm? Asrequired,for tension = As,required,for flexure + As,required,for shear = 356.5mm? + 60.91mm? = 417.4mm? < Ag provided = 452.38mmz.... ...Ok(no need of additional tension reinforcement) ‘By Habtamu T. 178) CHECK THE DEFLECTION REQUIREMENTS v Required data Concrete grade, fck = 25Mpa Steel grade, fyk = 400Mpa Let the effective length is, Leff=4.4m The facton k for simply supported beam is 1 (see able Below) As, tension required for ultimate limit stat 17.4mm? As, tension provided for ultimate limit state = 452.386mm2 As, tension required for flexure = 356.5mm? As, compression required for flexure= 0 As, compression provided for flexure = 157.08mm? ‘By Habtamu T. 18Y Limiting span to depth ratio ta) i < deKiislh rag Bh Psp, ; P>Pe ra Pp da. Wit - p + aye compression,required for flexure _ 0 bd ~ 200mmx211imm — 356.5mm? 200mmx2i1mm — 0008447 Vick 25 = 7000 ~ 7000 ~ 7-005 0.008447-0 b 0.005 Therefore, == 1*|11+15V25 [ta ave 5 rea = = 15.43 Adjustment on the limiting span to depth ratio by multiplying with the following ratio: 349 = 500 Mfc As.eql Asrox) l djusted l 500 15.43; 500 Ds ifusewth = Eg PU iy BO ay 4” Fox®Asronuired for ultimate limit state 400x417.4 A 452.38 |. provided,for ultimate limit state = 20.91 ‘By Habtamu T. 19A 2091 Therefore, dpin = 9) Deta €-25/30 $-400 Cover=25mm _ 4400 ~ 20.91 210.42 < d,,ovided = 211mm .. Deflection requirement is satisfied!! = 210.42mm 2G10C/C 124mm 48C/C 160mm 4912 /C 40mm ‘By Habtamu T. Note: The detailing is not complete!!! 20