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Question & Answer On Probability

1. The document discusses probability concepts like experiments, random experiments, sample space, events, and probability calculations. 2. Key concepts explained include defining random experiments as experiments with known possible outcomes that cannot be predicted precisely, and defining the sample space as the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment. 3. Examples of probability calculations are provided, such as calculating the probability of drawing balls of certain colors from a bag or dice rolls resulting in certain numbers.

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Rustam Salam
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55 views

Question & Answer On Probability

1. The document discusses probability concepts like experiments, random experiments, sample space, events, and probability calculations. 2. Key concepts explained include defining random experiments as experiments with known possible outcomes that cannot be predicted precisely, and defining the sample space as the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment. 3. Examples of probability calculations are provided, such as calculating the probability of drawing balls of certain colors from a bag or dice rolls resulting in certain numbers.

Uploaded by

Rustam Salam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUESTIONS & ANSWER BASED ON

“PROBABILITY”
1. Experiment:
An operation which can produce some well-defined outcomes is called an
experiment.

2. Random Experiment:
An experiment in which all possible outcomes are know and the exact output
cannot be predicted in advance, is called a random experiment.

Examples:
i. Rolling an unbiased dice.

ii. Tossing a fair coin.

iii. Drawing a card from a pack of well-shuffled cards.

iv. Picking up a ball of certain colour from a bag containing balls of different
colours.

Details:
v. When we throw a coin, then either a Head (H) or a Tail (T) appears.

vi. A dice is a solid cube, having 6 faces, marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 respectively. When


we throw a die, the outcome is the number that appears on its upper face.

vii. A pack of cards has 52 cards.

It has 13 cards of each suit, name Spades, Clubs, Hearts and Diamonds.
Cards of spades and clubs are black cards.
Cards of hearts and diamonds are red cards.
There are 4 honours of each unit.

There are Kings, Queens and Jacks. These are all called face cards.
3. Sample Space:
When we perform an experiment, then the set S of all possible outcomes is
called the sample space.
Examples:
1. In tossing a coin, S = {H, T}

2. If two coins are tossed, the S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}.

3. In rolling a dice, we have, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.

4. Event:
Any subset of a sample space is called an event.
5. Probability of Occurrence of an Event:
Let S be the sample and let E be an event.

Then, E S.
n(E)
P(E) = .
n(S)
6. Results on Probability:
.P(S) = 1

i.0 P (E) 1

ii.P( ) = 0

iii.For any events A and B we have : P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A B)

iv.If A denotes (not-A), then P(A) = 1 - P(A).


1. Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is drawn at random.
What is the probability that the ticket drawn has a number which is a multiple
of 3 or 5?
2. Answer: 9/20
3. Explanation:

4. Here, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, ...., 19, 20}.

5. Let E = event of getting a multiple of 3 or 5 = {3, 6 , 9, 12, 15, 18, 5, 10, 20}.
n(E) 9
P(E) = = .
n(S) 20
2. A bag contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random.
What is the probability that none of the balls drawn is blue?
Answer: 10/21
Explanation:

Total number of balls = (2 + 3 + 2) = 7.

Let S be the sample space.


Then, n(S) = Number of ways of drawing 2 balls out of 7

= 7C2 `

(7 x 6)
=
(2 x 1)

= 21.

Let E = Event of drawing 2 balls, none of which is blue.


n(E) = Number of ways of drawing 2 balls out of (2 + 3) balls.

= 5C2

= (5 x 4)
(2 x 1)

= 10.

n(E) 10
P(E) = = .
n(S) 21
3. In a box, there are 8 red, 7 blue and 6 green balls. One ball is picked up randomly.
What is the probability that it is neither red nor green?
Answer: 1/3
Explanation:

Total number of balls = (8 + 7 + 6) = 21.


Let E = event that the ball drawn is neither red nor green

= event that the ball drawn is blue.

n(E) = 7.
n(E) 7 1
P(E) = = = .
n(S) 21 3
4. What is the probability of getting a sum 9 from two throws of a dice?
Answer: 1/9
Explanation:
In two throws of a dice, n(S) = (6 x 6) = 36.

Let E = event of getting a sum ={(3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3)}.
n(E) 4 1
P(E) = = = .
n(S) 36 9
5. Three unbiased coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting at most
two heads?
Answer: 7/8
Explanation:

Here S = {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT, HHH}

Let E = event of getting at most two heads.

Then E = {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT}.


n(E) 7
P(E) = = .
n(S) 8
6. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of getting two
numbers whose product is even?
Answer: 3/4
Explanation:

In a simultaneous throw of two dice, we have n(S) = (6 x 6) = 36.


Then, E = {(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 2), (3, 4),
(3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 2), (5, 4), (5, 6), (6, 1),
(6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}

n(E) = 27.
n(E) 27 3
P(E) = = = .
n(S) 36 4
7. In a class, there are 15 boys and 10 girls. Three students are selected at
random. The probability that 1 girl and 2 boys are selected, is:
Answer: 21/46
Explanation:

Let S be the sample space and E be the event of selecting 1 girl and 2 boys.
Then, n(S) = Number ways of selecting 3 students out of 25

= 25C3 `

(25 x 24 x 23)
=
(3 x 2 x 1)

= 2300.

n(E) = (10C1 x 15C2)

(15 x 14)
= 10 x (2 x 1)

= 1050.

n(E) 1050 21
P(E) = = = .
n(S) 2300 46
8. From a pack of 52 cards, two cards are drawn together at random. What is
the probability of both the cards being kings?
Answer: 1/221
Explanation:

Let S be the sample space.


(52 x 51)
Then, n(S) = 52C2 = = 1326.
(2 x 1)

9. Let E = event of getting 2 kings out of 4.


(4 x 3)
n(E) = 4C2 = = 6.
(2 x 1)
n(E) 6 1
P(E) = = = .
n(S) 1326 221

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