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AC MOD 4 Experiment Docs

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Shruthi M
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32 views

AC MOD 4 Experiment Docs

Uploaded by

Shruthi M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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jpodue 4 ooo’ FEEDBACK SYSTEM fee ip nedeacx ro a ep} war pr © AP IS Ed bag fe toe Yo ord ecrObIned e2UND toe Ye Yo © Produce 2 en ceaeaaenen ear enna Pann ta ee : WaaN seneiaury 19 reduced: + Bandesidtd 12 toereased enepunear distoracn ond PoLet ‘S ae - corwrot ot ypand ofp wnpedans: Cin of arack 9p imp can be * ory wur PCP” tere toe dened” mo Yespocse Whe? a Paar Ob the % H ve Fdbck enouit) + i carmbroed ust the Ye 9/8. we COP SAH & Feedbar, oxist There ane 2Aypes OF Feedback ; +e -ve + cod - > Peadvantage : Carou youn 1S sredus ro S bigh Feedbaur. anew become Oe es Fosdave feedibace = Woen the Feedback $2 Golage ot Arrequanu arent) 16 wp Prose cou the Yp% X why feedback (@ used? Fi Wes called ave OY regenenabive usualy emaatt s/ vorrage ganar’ feedback. Were Yp Fo is ted. PepucanoN » used i) OSeLLakors Disadvantages : Non Lunean cdussortico igh sNhetabuury 13 high Negative Feedlloose : udhen dpe fdleack s¢ iS out oF Phare cain the Yp 9e uF IS Cauled Ve Saber, He 18 also called egreatve dle. Here & weakenss the Vp §, Ppl o $/4- Licakon : Yeod yy ompduyses ctren coonacteuatics OF 97 and mosreT ets Ow Vary ust temp, eupply veroge vas rao, aed 4ransistor pananerer vaswat.op - Ry wing Adu foe tranaiiey ones chegacreruiacs car be epde Weeperdent of Wedividual *FOnsIstor ponormetens Negative feedback tends to maxctain a cavsrane value OF aropunen voltage gain aganet vooualbion’s ro-teeinsisior porarnekers Cappy Volage stomp ote dv any : i 921? CAN Stony - 18 bah Crprvd cout stay) + Thene sa posibuury arpax the Flock Feedback 90 Saunpler The 92 Source can bea vollage sounce or T Gouna “IE IE IS a V8, tbe block consut Of a Voltage. Ve in Sees WU soune Resistance Rs sia (sacs ths block Is ognat , Ts 10 usin yeastance Resistance Rs Here a fYacton of he %p 5/4 (9 Sarrpled umiog Sarpiung YM And is given 40 Ye feedbade OA The 9p OF the feedback nyo 18 Cordbined wu Sk Source through a mixes. Feedbk nfw 16 a 2p Of wade OF passive 9% components. R,1)C| Effeck of ave Cdbek On Croup Gat Chen op gaan 3 Mp Ww Ve (wut Gdbor) closed loep gon < Op = A Veewave Viz Ve-Ve Vp = BVo- Vo= Bi Vege “e we , FL "PR = 5 Os i taeas witiepey (TPP Pps Pe AB > 1s called \oop HPP goio B feedbek factor A -3 Open loop gor pplssi .. Ppo>) Sea eb {4 P| B22) Pe Sone fr] Since B depends on passive componenrs Cho eawe cecmponenss (boa fdlber "0 consis OF qu 1g \Wdp of derop YooUason 1 Nouation » trans tov Porat vac povae eee a A. hep Leek Of AVE feedback 98 a0 I+PB eee (rppya (6B) + LAS And Rus by Ap : 20 t. BO Crop)’ O--] 28 ap 6p a ae => 2 88 COD PF CHRBP AL Crap a lceae | [=] jo IP 29 Bt “2 GHep) Percentage Change IP gow eweth fiber 18 less Hoan WieVesve “7 Change iD gar cocrouk Fdback by the factor ep. Sensenty | 6 | Peeensinvty =d'D= 1tPB- | Prove adv, antages 3 Baraduoidt exinsty —— Svoniages : ee Oe ) oy i 4. Garr Slabtuy high (PF2 7 \o the Case OF RC couped anop , bandwidth IS soaunly I+ 8p. WFluenced ley uppen cut oft freq, ty. Cran of ampurien 1S Quen by [eved= a | ]Pehs, (>) “Hae | Heh $ depends on passive amp. only. Hence wap oP (icosecom Fh) Miowues Set term. Guptly volhage and t are ar | Aeansur peas . i ‘ i) ‘ ; , Aa cm (2 “Gorn Sergmuity iy wedkaod Awce)= AO E am) f { = a { / HOY 1+, ner VP 4 armed by A\ ond Aa Bex P06 Ameured by A2ODIY: Since denonanaioy i¢ same we can see, mar SIL ef feck in Hoe 9 1S hgh (cohen thene io ~e feedback). compared tp noise. By creas my Ai S/R to noise fawO OD be. improved. Max gaup 18 reduced ccct -ve Adback frono AM Inte Am and FY 1S Inoreased to fH (I+ PAM) - So It BA ae Io Teed This S called bandwidity ettsy \ A)Reduchoo tn Noise > Fhecrof disiorzon esubec Redback [ror dkstoruc? msread OF Vp vp } G.RedUckon (1D 00D WNeaN distovtM Vi''8 the Ye Sig and vo és tbe nese ee (avery = Ai Kay) + Avo erect oF noise cour feedback Oa fs] Yo= [1Cvi-Bo) +¥n}} hg = Ai Aav,—Ai ADBVOt Vinay, Vos AAQVI + AaVd J+A\n2® © tajroB esSeoveem lore HAN ae cera race : « Vo ( ItA;A2B) = AtAovit Ap\p- Vo <81V) 4, AaVn (tAiAoB +A, Aaf Deicrtan in Oe iS caused by A caadge Ir amp 4 voHOgE SOUes Fab Tplay (voltage camming - cenuds can00g) OF SAUCE chant (TS 1D encin @ Yp 5%) . a tuncbon of the fier gaun. + change in gan 1S ay voRage aroptition. hen Unean propewes oF the tranaisiey: The change, i aoe sa + 4e'h vovages |= fae oie oy) “Bal A le praebenen: | |! | i dpe 7 108 ) ve —_t nd Standard fore open Imp gain: Ae Vo io vi Ip ampufien gar due te Pon- dunear PrOP OF transac: can be veduced by anng -VE bok in S/ro.60 toe nodunean distorson 10 the IP an be reduced - > Tene ave foun dif? feedback topologies voltage series Redbace Topology /eaues Shut Faber 1 1) oun for Se . voltage org] ‘ ; ; CY Wo H) voltage count face RpoIGY oY sbudt sbuot come OO Aw | ed, deedback Topology (Tans tesistance arnpi’Fien) eager cca = Y! | 1 Wi) cwnent seues fdlock topdogy or sees serues We KOA. \e= ViAVE Pia Per | Faber Tepcloge, Crvansconduetiane amplifier) Vp= BV0.= BA, | Ve vit BAW “vif fa iv D trent stunh fahoe Topology or shunt so¥es Falck tepology ( cunvent amp) 0 - 484) fede 0 > weaning seruer Shunt topology 13 voltage © . \4pA A ind ie mixed votth Vp voltage |. a sanmped @ % We 18 e e Da ee 1k also Shows type OF wnnecton @ Vp 4 a ae fen np yp innpedena = 5 = & + BON i ve _ weve WEES nop wouh fdbce : dosed 1cop IMP" =p OT a Rigs R{I4AB] | won by 198 Fear "ND fp inopectence. Yp voltage rande ze10 and addyngs VE. after Yemoving RL a vs ts Coonected ar Op and camenr 15 Tx. Va2 Te Rot Ay Vi Ve=VitVe peo veco Nis-ve = -BVax Voos Tx Re + — AV BVe Va (1tAvB]= To Ro - Rope. (OJP Imp wet tdbor) » YZ, Re Tx JteuB- Rop= Re I@ lOvE coe *Nraneconductance orepunes Dyottage cau OP loop gays ; Lo. ~ Ag SCrranscerdueoe gan) 7 doped loop gai : Stone) e Pee Ve Vine Do , 23% “vi CireAg) +8 Pq. Nez BT0 To= Agvi 101A veduced by ‘4 Be umes ) ropins -Kpins) pr ee ISIN iS Tj ‘ q Dyn ba ey = Vi(i4 BAg] = ®Lrare] , q 4p vop wereaned Rit Bi (+Bed] ii)O%~ mMpedence \opur voltage reduced to eno and aren semoving RL a 2 1S connected @ O/p and eorrerpordiny tage. @ Ro= Vx- a Wo Mie (ve=0 3 \ ‘i Mave Wx -Ves-pTa- Noe Zot PqMi = “ att og 7 = [is me) Rog =RoL i+ 64°] Tr Ro -ho BV Aransie sistance AMPAHT - ——_ ‘iransresisiane_gaun Rog = wee Ro Rope BE fet hB ree) tex Yo. Bi Ag. Me . We Te Ga Te ‘ \ pie ri J we know 2. pie Emutter Follower (commen colleuea! Caria) Vee. Woz Qmvr Crollte) =, Viz Or a < "1 % « grotvollae) j= Ve: (aulea Il’) IE) oi Roa ei//ea llr vs fo " 3 epg Oe -@ eatirs) Re oi ur ‘S 7 ‘ Ret Qi iraii rr = Lee Qileay rr=rm 5 i Wr 18 called ematen folava Br voltage amnoss Re {YP voltage) folios the Ye: \e; amp of 9p Vvolige \s Same a Yp Volkag, One 10 Phase Shit bla Ve And Yp. Sp voltage gaun (3 upuy Ag = gm (role) Rex ve OV gro (10/1 Ree ‘ iow Fdlck volrcige © Vp = Vp geoerally we - PY. \re0P sav (for a voltge amp) + Gro (rele "T Rear Begrocroice ee Se =) Tobe He wey, °° P= > Since voltrage 'S samped @ the Op to find the Ye PC ea CkE Win 2 Cleat of ermitter Reristana Re coo nor comin ‘8 med ak the Yp to tnd tel Sie Voltage Yp sid Ye \ \opas cunene Tz0 = Re = @i (14 OVER mp Ri = Ru/l@a Yo erg 2 (cou fdbek x sdbeck) 2 RR a AC ea eke @ the Foaumenr 18 tmixed at YP 10 voltage =O r ro/|Re pop : Fo = yous Fabor) fp inp cott fdbok dinate arepubies Crea rs e BRe ih & Eo wm TE «€ | r | Mp VyAvB 1M gaovar (YO JIR¢) T) & Anais ce cuscete B77 cncult 10 VO Age sbune anet rnp) & For a taanss O/] Re FS h fi Yo = —Grovn Io/[Lp ac. vir Us( Rs // Re fn) pre Vo ~gervw_(vorl 26 1140) Ys Sa eee Mais La bv Re lieelivn eo Cre/lee JER) Ces fee fjrw) Fars yesisiance. Yau Here vonage 18 Samp >and fdbacx a Age = AE Qo Crore Hee) (RSI REI Ym) I+ Az Bp oe camen to the yp He gmCvou R¢1RC) Ces URELI TH) Ay. HDI Ke MR RSI RELP 0) Re F grorey/ReJ/ReY (RSH REY MY mr, Te vo. HAR Coe pre (BRE _ ae Reger (Reif V0 /1 Re) (RSI YH MRE) xe Se | Svemage. crow exci Fdibck Tors (eg: Banort, Bian waveresr) Qsullaxer to components used TENS an Aectrenic mci usedl 0 generate pewod, | 5) °° ie a) RC osci\icures SIQTIT LoavefoxmD wothouk ext: $e Soucy . 'T1S sed ty cont 06 5 4 + eolen eaidge OSUUNCLOIS Ore UNtUtS that pr + Preduce a con). S.9 of * Phase shiet Some type coubour the need of Yo. b) Le osealicusy * mmr sl) ,daigual Sim and tex! Seco DONE fap emake use Of Osc llaroW “Honwiey “Used a a: local Oscillin4O Canvent RE G/Q tO loten alae + cape * CrgaKad 7 medica (1F) yrequency S/a's- In 0 remiver * Used to genera RF canmer 1 a transmitter “Used ag sweep uncut wo TV serand CRO W) Acc tO Heq oF Op 5/2 a AF Osc ( UPTO 20KHz) by RF OSC ( >20kHz- 2010Kz) ©) veik 08 (226 wH2- 300 t9hz) a) Une 06 C Sa0omHz - BEHZD e) wicnowave O8¢. C above 30NZ) + Used to Genenade clocks ID dguoat Sim Types OF Oscarlauor: T)ACC tO princitie used D Falock osci aos Here osurlation ecoun due to yve fdbeK D)=ve Resistance, osunatoy Here escilin occun due t —ve vesisrance eff FD Ace to type oF Loave fone produced ange ® sinusoidal oscilaore 5) Relaxaton oseutiator Paeduct esaveroxer Ofer than sinusoidal acre tan] AeVo Vee W Vic A CVgtve) Vee BVo ; VO. eo f AN Oseulasor 18 an wy mn A} ]? arpuner wu we ‘| Fdlock pcsurne tent 00 ¥p “IL Vi 1S @ppHed KO OMPUFIED g vor sen the dice fo tAKED @ POTtan oF the Yp 50 CPwe) and «3 fd bck t© Yhe ¥p + New semeve the exiStirq VP + Due to ue presence of W2e felbck Sia eas there 18 an Vp 19 The Osullaror + Since ve tdlock mechanism 1S used the amp, Wwpur t and Ye Ase + 80 geun Tsed and @ very bigh gaun Hoe Gnawa Stays osalledang > Tm or osatlat + loop gan |ap) =) * Tol phose Wt ancand Che loop 6 30” F these 2 candiuons ane Sauctied the osuiiuor practice, 42 and the iranarer 2 mz .Ie desgned 8 gow «oud too eroptarade hen gain re esct itn nak coal be om sre fdicK oscillaroys Ane genenally Rumited to freq of AtoHz OF 1eSS Ve = a vo: 22l/ Sura Too types of RE Oscillators : Wien lmidge and prose Shift oscillators Ride + Rap 2 Scie” PMT Seq - = Vo. Rat, SC amie Ca 4 Ros Yywta oo 7 l Rr ee Raf ier RC ogcallasevs Le oscattoctoy : sot Sass eis used 10 gereraie «+ eleneE VERY bigh - = vo 82 lowe Frequenues Mequannes 2 con pevide cide Cans provide wide range, freq range Tues Freq Cice swoey One tunes amare sabe thon Rit tee 2 POAT Raa Rata) + Ly jeaRacar Raye cc coc) CirseOP2Ca) Le © © panbauton freq’) yc , less staple sulla wenemidge Osullosoy = WER IC Roly + (4 JER2 Ca + ORG = W RIC Rae +1 4jceRata + JOROU The imagenery pat 06 ‘oth sidey Cj) Rata~ 120 wSR,C; Palas! eowratiin 918 OF Fea) arg rranags oF rete co was OF MH +6 colpts, Hank ley 1 CPP and ciystal OscIley, ir Honey OU at ynoe are by amo vee sere Fe prea ce ard Biocks the Ac Ye LOcise) PrSnt Pc Prose Spitting Mo consist of bi» La onc Liand ta ane Induewely couped ond 4 ats o> auto transformer laele! > For artely ose Ye = WMD /C194) = (eam) /cuit MD > 605% Le osestiono? zal \t P4za28-0 —O Rix (21tzan79)*?1 Petrone ex tier en yn aaa pesca z supa mre 1? ogy ( Lyeuas 2M ting] - doa! [emnorr, x) equimng img post OF 8A FO FOO pCa (uriron-ss) byataday ~dgt0 9 wes oo, ase Tion 3 FS wage] 9 yo 22705, eqwiating Read Ores ; am) Or —tacr® 9 FPS @E (Lam) = tay [P23] As fey Olben OSullakoy unaut; loop gau2 Muss be Lislg+2M _ y+ LarN lau Lise HBS Greater than 4 © end esallates- sO Ap) of As Ly 4M PO badM an Determine the ostllin fea) OF a transistor Hoovtley 2Sc. cchidn ame Inaving Li elmH) Le looMmOR) 1250 mucoH, C= 1eOPF ) crt \ Soe) as ATG agra — TN C+ Ais" raxsonio™ tooxid®* 301053 64,51) 10” SAW fa Osalaxoy elk S Géed A tuned crewit osc. which uses pietoele- cme eyysial as te vesonanr jane emcuxs + \e 18 Used 1D praces cchene Wah feq Storiddy 15 requuned iG IS USed 1D Communcabor transroittens) ve cevens dugdod ele eto * Pezodlecaic -erystax exbibus plezoelectaic Proprty. Plerwele eric erect rcoren mechanical stress is appued across one set OF faces of Crystal & Porenbar dife B developed aoss US Opp eaces + lIng coven @ voltage (6 Appued actoss one set oF faces Of A ouystal reechanical Vibvine ae developed Aaoss 16S Opp Faces *@ben ao alrennawng voltage 1S APP FO a CYsHae reecmanicad vibytns ane setup cid +hese vitns one FavibG 4 nerunc Yesonane trey wat oa on the Derysral dimensicn Dirow orystol east ii) Pao the eanface Ae mountedcl Wre US axes Ate. +The most eormmon Piezoelectric erysral Mctouats rc i Rochelle salt. ti) Toxmmabine quant? oe oousre 18 CON yagged corstrern 6 TON 2oelent snecnanceilly error) bur poor ple’ eotrie effeck fe eae @ howag the loghest Prevoctecn, ur ig mechan cally eae fed Rocbe lle Sober = Recnell effect but §5 Quamrz, (@ cHMaPTOMASE and tousrealune and u S m0s\ Eleciniea! co) Cnewutor_o Crystal The cyptal cary have 00 fe eomanzony We Yesonant trea); é shcy Demet whieh oceuns oo! A ¥ieke. At this trem, oS Cuysron offers a veny loo imp to the at Creu where zeR 1) Panter Yerorce (antrercrame)) fa edlolen oews Miia tos leg equals toe reactance of Cu. @ this Frees cres2a) of6on @ very high Imp to the ext uncut Ry Represents 10885 19 CVYstal Aue TO YrenTal MON L Reprexenr erysral mass. © Represent CreysFal COMTPUAIMR CM ~5 Reprerets capactana due wneereTaAL rocunbng oF Crystat Cwine seues Reser. 12d When cuysial is opened @ SeUeL TESONAT cols. the Imp.1s minimuro and uF Is equat to & Ae Serties Yesonr rede; xL=xe wopree VRaRuRS® zor 4 a = mere Were, ustets. |tse Ere ‘© sprate eseramy code retreay Wo // sesonanr mede; te reauane of seer teg al to the reactaner oF mennicig capaerance (+) fe) Zoe wom e vse TRG xO* = ON Svea. R Is very email, Pegleet & ely OP" ae = ERM /. Zg2XL-Xe XL-Ke = Xen odPLe-1 = e ae Sq WELe=H4 So OF Te [Se =. er ‘ cypr= Sore a pate eric > oscillaxcy cours Cxgskal Operakeg 10 7 Fesopapc Tacm quanty fosa! @= He or 7G Re WewW. 3 copaabdve Fevclog, w WS => zeno reasrany WW => wduUebve Feoerdne Fg it P reryotal Ssditlaroy 1S connected, encna->! as a Sou, elernent Wy the feed back Poth sou is operating 'o => Oscullaicr cau evystal Operating ID Sauer Texorance. te sees aesonant mode AG

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