PRONUNCIATION DEFINITION

AND ENGLISH ALPHABET

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By : Group 2 TBI-3

DWI FATIMAH 0304213074

NAJWA ALZUHDA 0304213096
NOVI YANTI 0304213106
ARYA WIRANDA 0304213049
FADLAH PUTRI SABILA 0304213037

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHER TRAINING
NORTH SUMATERA ISLAMIC STATE UNIVERSITY 2021
 PREFACE

Thank to the Almighty Gog for His bless and grace to the writerfor accomplishing the
English paper assignment with the title “Pronunciation and English Alphabet”

This paper is requirement to fulfill the assignment from Mr.Yani Lubis,S.Ag,M.Hum,the

Pronunciation course lecturer. The writer also thanks to him for all the guidance to complete
it.

The author also wishes to express his gratitude to friends who have provided assistance in
completing this paper, although this paper has many shortcomings in its preparation and
explanation,the author hopes that it can be used as a referance of readers to understand the
definition of Pronunciation and the English Alphabet.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE …………………………………………………………………………………….i

TABLE OF CONTESTS ……………………………………………………………………ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………1

A. Background of the study ……………………………………………………………………………1

B. Purpose …………………………………………………………………………………………….1
C. Problem Formulation………………………………………………………………………………1

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION ………………………………………………………………..2

PRONUNCIATION………………………………………………………………………….2

A. Definition of Pronunciation……………………………………………………………………….2
B. Teaching of Pronunciation …………………………………………………………………………3
C. Most Impportant Elements of Pronunciation ………………………………………………………4

ENGLISH ALPHABET ……………………………………………………………………..5

A. Definition of English Alphabet ………………………………………………………………….5

B. Kinds of English Alphabet ………………………………………………………………………5
C. Usefullness of English Alphabet …………………………………………………………………5

CHAPTER III CLOSING.…………………………………………………………………..7

A. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………7
B. Suggestion …………………………………………………………………………………………7

REFERENCE………………………………………………………………………………...8
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Study
English pronunciation is one of the most difficult skills to acquire and learners should spend lots
of time to improve their pronunciation (Aliaga García, 2007; Martínez-Flor et al. 2006; Pourhosein
Gilakjani, 2016). Understandable pronunciation is one of the basic requirements of learners’
competence and it is also one of the most important featuresof language instruction. Good
pronunciation leads to learning while bad pronunciation promotes to great difficultiesin language
learning (Pourhosein Gilakjani, 2012).According to Fraser (2000), teachers should be provided with
courses and materials that help them improve their pronunciation instruction. She continued that
second language education research should not be concerned with the significance of English
pronunciation instruction but with the methodology of pronunciation instruction.
Morley (1991) stated that understandable pronunciation is a main objective of pronunciation
instruction. In is a necessary component of communicative competence. Morley (1991) emphasized
that learners should develop functional intelligibility, functional communicability, increased self-
confidence, the speech monitoring abilities, and speech modification strategies. In this paper, we are
as the researcher defines what is the pronunciation to understand well how important the
proununciation in basic english learner.
All over the world, there are many people with strong desire to learn and speak English with
correction pronunciation. Millions people study English Pronunciation, but only few succeed. English
as a foreign language pronunciation teaching is usually based on teaching materials presenting one of
the two main standard accents namely British and American. Before we improve the pronunciation,
we have to identify first and know well the English alphabet. It is important to make good every
single sound that we say in every word. In this paper, we are as the researcher describes the English
alphabets with how the way to pronounce it

B. PURPOSE
The purpose of making this paper is as learning to improve pronunciation skills,so that students are
able to pronounce a word like a native accent. But in a simple way so that students are able to
pronounce words accurately enough so that they are more easily understood by the interlocutor.

C. PROBLEM FORMULATION
1. What is the definition of Pronunciation?
2. What are the factors that affect Pronunciation?
3. What is the function of Pronunciation?
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

1. Pronunciation
A. Definition Pronunciation
Pronunciation is the act or manner of pronouncing words,utterance of speech,a way of
speaking a word,especially a way that is accapted or generally understood,and a graphic
representation of the way a word spoken,using phonetic symbols. Further Pronunciation
definition taken from Oxford Dictionary states pronunciation is the way in which a language
or a particular word or sound is spoken. If one is said to have “correct pronunciation”,then it
refers to both with in a specific dialect.“A word can be spoken in different ways byvarious
individuals or groups,depending on many factors,such as: the area in which they grew up,the
area in which they now live,if they have a speech or voice disorder,their group,their social
class,or their education.
Cook (1996 as cited in Pourhosein Gilakjani, 2016) defined pronunciation as the
production of English sounds. Pronunciation is learnt by repeating sounds and correcting
them when produced inaccurately. When learners start learning pronunciation they make new
habits and overcome the difficulties resulting from the first language. According to Yates
(2002 as cited in Pourhosein Gilakjani, 2016), pronunciation is the production of sounds that
is used for making meaning.
Pronunciation is the production of a sound system which doesn't interfere with
communication either from the speakers’ or the listeners’ viewpoint (Paulston & Burder,
1976). Pronunciation is the way of uttering a word in an accepted manner (Otlowski, 1998).
Furthermore, Richard and Schmidt (2002) defined pronunciation as the method of producing
certain sounds. Pronunciation is the way in which language spoken; the way in which a word
is pronounced; the way a person speaks the words of language (Hornby, 1987:497).
Yates and Zelinski in Hasan (2014:31) state that pronunciation refers to how we
produce the sound that we use to make meaning when we speak. It includes the particular
consonants and vowels of a language (segments), aspects of speech beyond the level of
individual segments, such as stress, timing, rhythm, intonation, phrasing (suprasegmental
aspects) and how the voice is projected (voice quality). Gilakjani (2012:119) assumes that
pronunciation is a set of habits of producing sounds. The habit of producing a sound is
acquired by repeating it over and over again by being corrected when it is pronounced
wrongly. On the other hand, Dalton in Hassan (2014:32) defines the pronunciation as
production of significant sound which is used as a part of a code of particular language and to
achieve meaning in the context of use. From the explanation previously, the researcher
concludes that pronunciation is the way person utters a word or language.
Fraenkel (1984) express that there are two main steps to learning how to pronounce language:
1) Receptive/list stage
In this stage,we learn to differentiate the significant sounds and pattern by listening to the language.
2) Productive/speaking stage
By this stage,we learn to speak or to produce what we have learned before .

B. Teaching Pronunciation
Learning English language with teaching media like audiovisual will bring students easy to learn
and make students interest. The pronunciation teacher should be a good model to the
students,otherwise;the students will imitate bad pronunciation and lead making mistakes. Teacher
should produce to accurate sounds and their productions of speech to the students in order to make the
students really understand about how correct pronunciation is produced. Harmer (2000) states that
concentrating on sounds,showing where they are made in the mouth,making students aware of when
words should be stresses all thing give them extra information about spoken English and help them
achieve the goal of improved comprehension and intelligibility.
Teaching pronunciation is teaching about aspectsthat influnce meaning of sentences through
segmental phonemes. It is important to teach,because pronunciation is a basic sub skill is speaking.
Therefore,good pronunciation avoids miss understanding in communication. When people say,for
example “soap” in a situation such as restaurant where they should have said “soup”, the inccurate
production of a phoneme can lead to miss understand. It happpens because Indonesian students have
difficulties in pronouncing English word due to influence of students’ seventh language and
environment.
As Daniel Jones states that the difficulties of pronunciation are:
1. The student of spoken English or any other spoken language is faced at the with outset with
difficulties of five kinds in the matter of pronunciation. They are as follows.
2. He must learn to recognize readily and with certainly the various speech-sounds occurring in
the language,when he hears them pronounced he most more oven learn to remember the
acoustic qualities of those sound.
3. He must learn to use those soundin their proper places in connected speech.
4. He must learn to proper usage in the matter of the ‘sound attributes’ or ‘prosodies’ as they are
often called (especially length,stress and voice pitch).
5. He must learn to catenate sounds,i,e to join each sound of a sequence on the next,and to
pronounce the complete sequence rapidly and without stumbling.
C. Most Important Element

In learning English pronunciation,there are two very important elements to learn. The two elements
are word emphasis and intonation. Check out the explanation of the elements.

 Word Emphasis
Emphasis is very important in English becayse it can be used to distinguish the meaning of
words,compound words,verb phrases,and idioms that sound similar.The pattern of emphasis
will allow pronunciation to sound natural and clearly communicate the intended meaning.
 Intonation
If we don’t raise or lower our voices in certain parts of each sentence,we may sound like
robots. Intonation involves the rise and fall of our voice when speaking in complete
sentences.
2. English Alphabet
A. Definition
What is meant by the alphabet or alphabet? What is meant by the alphabet is a writing system
based on the symbol of the vowel and consonant phonemes. The word alphabet is taken from
the Greek, from the first two letters of their writing, alpha, and beta. The alphabet is different
from the alphabet, which usually has no vowel symbols, and differs from the syllabic and
syllabic letters, each of which letters represent phonemes but in syllable form. English
alphabet is a Latin based alphabet consisting of 26 letters,the same latters that are found in
the basic modern Latin alphabet.

B. Kinds of English Alphabet

- Majuscule Forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) :
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
- Minuscule Forms (also called lowercase or small letters) :
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
 From the 26 alphabets we know, AZ is divided into two parts, namely:
1. Vowel Vowel or in Indonesian is referred to as vowel. They are a, i, u, e, and o.
2. Consonant Just as in Indonesian, it is called a consonant or we usually call it a dead letter.

C. Usefulness to English Alphabet

The twenty six letters of the English Alphabet are used to represent the twenty four consonant sounds
and a minimum of fourteen vowels sounds. The following are some important things to know about
how English speliing corresponds to English pronunciation .
a. The short vowels sounds are regularly represented by VC (C). Back back pet tip knot us to
represents the short vowels sound when you add suflix beginning with a vowel (for
example,ing,er,est) double the final consonant letter if the word end is one consonant. Pat,petting
pet,petting tip,tipping knot,knotting. No spelling changes are made if the words ends in two
consonants. Rock,rocker blend,blending pick,picking,Knock,knocking rust,rusty.
b. The long vowels are regularly represented by Vce
Make type note use :Such words regularly lose the final before a sufflix beginning with a vowel.
Make,making type,typist note,noted use,using. Note : The long vowels are also represented by
other spellings.
c. Words which end in Cy change they y to I before th endings-es
Baby,babies city,cities family,families
Cry,cries study,studies
d. English spelling often uses two or more letters to represent one sound or no sound. (The lettersin
parenthes represent a single sound)
(CH,TCH):check,match
(CK):plek,lack,lock
(DG-E):bridge,judging
(GH):cough,enough,through,bough,ought
(GN):knight,knee
(MB):comb,lamb
(NG):sing,singer
(PH):phone,philosophy,graph
(SH):short,rush
(SI,SU):measure,vision
(Ssi,TI):mission,nation
(TH):then,mother,bathe,smooth
(TH):thin,mathematical,truth
(WR):wrong,awry,write

Source:
https://i2.wp.com/ytimg.googleusercontent.com/vi/PJV35b4cPgo/hqdefault.jpg
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusions
- Pronunciation is a noun, way in which a langage or a particular word or sound is spoken. In
English there are more than 40 sounds. Among these sounds there are some who have an
extremely close so it is very difficult to be interpreted when heard by non-native speakers.
- English alphabet is a Latin-based alphabet consisting of 26 letters, the same letters that are
found in the Basic modern Latin alphabet.
- Spell 1say or write the letters of a word in correct order, Spelling 2act of forming words
correctly from individual letters, ability to do this 3way in which word is spelt (Oxford
LEARNER’S POCKET Dictionary New Edition, 2003:415)

B. Suggestion
Realizing that the author is still far from perfect, in the future the author will be more focused
and detailed in explaining the above paper with more sources that can be accounted for, but
we hope that the material we present can be useful for readers and we also need suggestions
or criticism. so that it can be a motivation for a better future than before
 REFERENCES

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242.pdf

 Another Source:
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Instruction. In J. Morley (Ed.),
Pronunciation Theory and Pedagogy: New Views, New Directions (64-91). Alexandria, VA:
TESOL.
Otlowski, M. (1998). Pronunciation: What Are the Expectations? The Internet TESL Journal.
5(1). Retrieved From
June 26, 2016, from: http://www.iteslj.org./ Article / Otlowski poronunciation.html.