MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DJJ 40132 ENGINEERING SOCIETY

CASE STUDY (7 HOURS NF2F)

SESSION: 2 2022/2023

Name & ID No.: NUR AIMY SUFEA BINTI MARZUKI 14DTP21F1069

Programme/Class/Sec: DTP4A

Lecturer’s Name: EN ISHAK BIN MOHAMED BASIR

1. The Twelve (12) Principles of Green Engineering allow designers to consider
fundamental factors at the earliest stages as they are designing a product, process, or a
system. Determine at least 5 Principles of Green Engineering.
• Renewable Energy
• Energy Efficiency
• Resource Conservation
• Pollution Prevention
• Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems
 2. In a group, propose ONE (1) issue that related to the Engineering and Society Problem
which happened in Malaysia. Then, analyse the issue and relate your discussion based
on the Sustainable & Green Engineering toward providing the solution in engineering
field.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Throughout the 19th and 31st of December 2006, and the 12th and 17th of January 2007,
Peninsular Malaysia was affected by a series of storm events induced by the Northeast
Monsoon, resulting in catastrophic flooding in numerous states in the Peninsula's lower half.
In Johor, the events of 2006 and 2007 resulted in millions of dollars in losses and destruction.
This research will concentrate on the flood in Batu Pahat in Johor, which had a severe impact
and forced residents to flee to emergency relief facilities due to its geographical characteristics

Figure 1&2: The floods, which had ravaged the district since March 1
and triggers, as well as poor drainage systems. The floods that have ravaged Johor since March
1 have been considered as the worst since the state was devastated in 2006.The state has almost
46,528 flood victims in 104 temporary flood evacuation facilities (PPS) spread across four
districts. The floods have caused extensive damage to infrastructure, including roads and
bridges, and have disrupted the daily lives of residents. The government has allocated funds
for relief efforts and is working to provide aid to those affected by the floods. The evaluation
of the flood damage and creation of a strategy to repair and rebuild the damaged infrastructure
would be our top priority as one of the engineers employed there. In addition to taking steps to
prevent more flooding, this may require completing repairs to structures, bridges, and
roadways. The floods in Batu Pahat, Johor, have generally had a severe impact on the town and
forced residents to seek refuge in emergency relief facilities due to the area's subpar drainage
systems and geographical factors. An engineer on the spot would have to assess the damage
caused by the water and come up with a plan of action before anything else.
2.0 CONTENTS:
PART 2-Sustainability and Green Engineering:
a. Illustrate model of sustainable development.
The erection of flood-resistant infrastructure, such as elevated roads and buildings, as well as
the encouragement of environmentally beneficial conduct, such as rainwater collection and
waste reduction initiatives, were all part of Batu Pahat's sustainable development plan.
Studying the steps taken by the local government and community after the flood that hit Batu
Pahat, Johor, in 2006 can serve as an example of a sustainable development model. First, by
building reservoirs and upgrading drainage systems, the engineers took action to lessen the
effects of the flood. Second, society should together help individuals impacted by the flood by
giving out temporary housing, food, and supplies. These measures supported long-term
sustainable development in addition to easing the acute effects of the flood.
b. Structure Malaysian Green Technology Master Plan
With the help of the Malaysian Green Technology Master Plan, engineers may play a
significant role in finding a solution to the flood disaster issue. Utilising green and sustainable
technologies, the Master Plan aims to address the environmental issues that the state is now
dealing with, including flood management. The Master Plan intends to lessen the effects of
flooding and increase the ability of communities to recover by using green infrastructure and
natural water retention methods. The Master Plan must, however, be implemented successfully,
which necessitates the skills and expertise of engineers who can use their knowledge to create
solutions for green technology-based flood protection that are both efficient and effective.
c. Discover invention and innovation towards sustainability and green technology related
to the case.
The development of green infrastructure was one of the main solutions to the flood in Batu
Pahat. To lower surface runoff and prevent flooding, this required the use of permeable
sidewalks and the development of sustainable drainage systems. In addition to solving the
immediate problems caused by the flood, these ideas helped the community build a more
sustainable and resilient future. Although green infrastructure was successful in Batu Pahat at
reducing surface runoff and preventing flooding, it may not be as successful in areas with
different topography, soil types, and weather patterns. For example, green infrastructure may
not be sufficient to avoid landslides and flash floods in locations with steep slopes and a lot of
rain.
d. Determine the needs for sustainable and green engineering toward providing the
solutions in related case.
In places like Batu Pahat, Johor, there are a variety of sustainable engineering technologies that
can be used in order to avoid or minimise floods. rainfall harvesting systems are one example,
which can collect and store rainfall for later use rather than allowing it to cause flooding.
Projects involving green infrastructure, like putting in rooftop gardens or planting trees, may
also help in absorbing more water and lowering the chance of floods. Additionally, the use of
water management methods, such as rain gardens or permeable sidewalks, can assist in
controlling the flow of water during periods of severe rainfall.

Figure 3: Benefits of green buildings

e. Illustrate the selected issue/engineering problem for sustainability, methods and
implementation of the integrated management concept of resources and related
ecosystems.
The flood in Batu Pahat, Johor, in 2006 was an important disaster that showed the need for
protecting ecosystems and managing resources sustainably. The ecology, infrastructure, and
way of life of the community were severely damaged by the flood. As a result, it was necessary
to create an integrated management strategy that would address the flood's underlying causes
and prevent similar incidents from happening in the future. This strategy includes the
completion of numerous projects and strategies aimed at improving the management of the
region's ecosystems and resources.

Figure 4 & 5: The damage that occur because of the flood in Batu Pahat
3.0 CONCLUSION
Batu Pahat's sustainable development plan included the erection of flood-resistant
infrastructure, such as elevated roads and buildings, as well as the encouragement of
environmentally beneficial conduct. The Malaysian Green Technology Master Plan used green
and sustainable technologies to address environmental issues, including flood management.
Green infrastructure was one of the main solutions to the flood in Batu Pahat, requiring the use
of permeable sidewalks and the development of sustainable drainage systems. Although green
infrastructure was successful in Batu Pahat at reducing surface runoff and preventing flooding,
it may not be as successful in areas with different topography, soil types, and weather patterns.
Batu Pahat, Johor was a major disaster in 2006 that highlighted the need for sustainable and
green engineering to protect ecosystems and manage resources sustainably. Rainfall harvesting
systems, green infrastructure, and water management methods can be used to avoid or minimise
floods. An integrated management strategy was created to address the flood's underlying causes
and prevent similar incidents from happening in the future. This strategy includes the
completion of numerous projects and strategies aimed at improving the management of the
region's ecosystems and resources.
4.0 REFERENCES/APPENDICES
• Shafie, A., & Event, E. F. (2009). A Case study on floods of 2006 and 2007 in Johor,
Malaysia. Colorado State University.
• Malaysia: Floods in Batu Pahat slowly abating - Malaysia. (2007, January 26).
ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/malaysia/malaysia-floods-batu-pahat-slowly-
abating
• Bukari, S. M., Kaamin, M., Ahmad, M. A., Rahman, M. A., & Yusof, S. (2015). Flood
Prone Areas Detection Through Geographical Information System (Gis) And Water
Balance Model In Batu Pahat.
• Badrul Hisham, A. S., Nor Azian Shaharom, C. M. D., Marzukhi, M. I., Norli, R., Fatimah, O.,
Kee, K. F., ... & Adam, A. M. (2009). Spectrum of flood-related diseases encountered during
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• Arbaiah, O., Badrul, H. A. S., Marzukhi, M. I., Yusof, M., Badaruddin, M., & Adam, M. (2009).
Outbreak management during the worst flood disaster of 2006–2007 in Johore,
Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 15(3).

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• MUMTAZ, N. A. Q., & ABUSTAN, M. S. (2022). Floodplain Modelling by Using HEC-RAS at

Batu Pahat River, Johor. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering and Built Environment, 3(1), 1665-
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