Scribd
Upload
82 views5 pages

Melting Point and Boiling Point Procedure

1. The document provides instructions for writing observation reports for experiments determining the melting point and boiling point of organic compounds. 2. For melting point determination, the crystalline substance is powdered and placed in a sealed capillary tube attached to a thermometer. The apparatus is placed in a liquid paraffin bath and heated, recording the temperatures at which melting begins and ends to calculate the melting point. 3. For boiling point determination, the organic liquid is placed in a test tube attached to a thermometer and suspended in a sulfuric acid bath. A sealed capillary tube is used to observe gas bubble formation, and the temperatures of initial and final bubble formation are recorded and averaged to determine the boiling point.

Uploaded by

samreen banu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
82 views5 pages

Melting Point and Boiling Point Procedure

1. The document provides instructions for writing observation reports for experiments determining the melting point and boiling point of organic compounds. 2. For melting point determination, the crystalline substance is powdered and placed in a sealed capillary tube attached to a thermometer. The apparatus is placed in a liquid paraffin bath and heated, recording the temperatures at which melting begins and ends to calculate the melting point. 3. For boiling point determination, the organic liquid is placed in a test tube attached to a thermometer and suspended in a sulfuric acid bath. A sealed capillary tube is used to observe gas bubble formation, and the temperatures of initial and final bubble formation are recorded and averaged to determine the boiling point.

Uploaded by

samreen banu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Instructions should be followed in Writing Observation

1. Write the given experiments in your practical observation note. ( one side
ruled and other side unruled note)
2. Write the heading, aim, materials required, procedure, observation ( in
case of tabular column ,left side) and inference in the right side of the
note. ( ruled side)
3. Diagrams and tabular columns should be on the left side. ( unruled side)

1. Melting Point of an Organic Compound.


Aim:
To determine the melting point of a given organic compound.
Materials required:
100 ml beaker
Thermometer
Stirrer
Iron stand with clamp
Wire gauze
Thin walled capillary tube
Spatula
Thread
Crystalline substance
Bunsen burner
Porous plate
Liquid paraffin
Procedure:
• First powder the crystalline substance.
• Take a capillary tube and seal one end by heating it.
• Fill the capillary tube with the substance. To fill the tube, make a heap of
the powdered substance on the porous plate. Push one end of the capillary
tube into the heap. Some of the substance will enter the capillary tube.
• Now tap the sealed end of the capillary tube on the porous plate gently. Fill
the capillary tube upto 2-3 mm.
• Attach the capillary tube to a thermometer using a thread.
• Take liquid paraffin in a beaker and place it over a piece of wire gauze
placed over a tripod stand.
• Clamp the thermometer carrying the test tube to an iron stand and
immerse them in the bath of liquid paraffin. The surface tension of the bath
liquid is sufficient to hold the capillary tube in position.
• Heat the beaker slowly while constantly stirring the contents using a stirrer
to maintain a uniform temperature throughout.
• When the temperature is within 15o of the melting point of the pure
substance, the flame is reduced. Then the temperature rises slowly.
• Note the temperature (t1) when the substance starts melting.
• Again note the temperature (t2) when the substance has completely
melted.
• The average of the two readings gives the correct melting point of the
substance.

Observation:
The temperature when The temperature when Melting point of the
the substance starts the substance has given substance
melting t1(°C) completely melted t2 (t1 + t2 / 2 (°C)
(°C)

Inference:
Melting point of the given substance
____°C
The given organic substance =
_____

2. Boiling Point of an Organic Compound


Aim:
To determine the boiling point of a given organic compound Materials
required:
100ml glass beaker,
Thermometer,
Stand with clamp,
Tripod stand
Capillary tube(5-6 cm in length)
Wire gauze
Stirrer
Small thin walled test tube,
Thread
Bunsen burner
Con.Sulphuric acid Given
organic compound
Procedure:

• First fill two-thirds of the small test tube with the given liquid whose boiling
point needs to be determined.
• Fix this test tube to the thermometer with a rubber band in such a way that
the bottom of the tube is at the middle of the thermometer bulb. The
rubber band should be fixed near the mouth of the tube so that it remains
outside the acid bath.
• Fill half of the beaker with Con. sulphuric acid and place it over a wire gauze
placed over a tripod stand.
• Clamp the thermometer carrying the test tube to an iron stand through a
cork. Lower the thermometer along with the tube into the acid bath.
• Adjust the thermometer so its bulb is well under the acid and the open end
of the tube with the rubber band is sufficiently outside the acid bath.
• Take the capillary tube and seal at it about 1 cm from one end by heating it
in flame and giving it a slight twist.
• Place the capillary tube in the test tube containing the given liquid so that
the sealed part of it stands in the liquid.
• Start heating the acid bath slowly and stir the bath gently. Keep an eye on
the liquid and the test tube and also on the thread of the mercury in the
thermometer.
• At first a bubble or two will be seen escaping at the end of the capillary
tube dipped in the liquid, but soon a rapid and continuous stream of air
bubbles escapes from it. At this stage the vapour pressure of the liquid just
exceeds the atmospheric pressure.
• Note the temperature (t1) when continuous stream of bubbles starts
coming out.
• Remove from the flame and note the temperature (t 2) when the evolution
of bubbles from the end of the capillary tube just stops.
• The mean of these two temperatures gives the boiling point of the liquid.
• Allow the temperature to fall by 10oC and repeat the heating and again
note the boiling point.

Observation:
Rapid and continuous The evolution of gas Boiling Point of the given
evolution of gas bubbles bubbles just stops t2 (°C) organic liquid
occurs t1(°C ) (after removing from the (t1 + t2 / 2)
flame) (°C)

Inference:
The boiling point of the given organic liquid = ______°C.
The given organic liquid = ______

You might also like