English Reviewer

By juliana ⋆

What is speech?
- Communication through taking or a talk given to an audience.
- The ability to express one’s thoughts and emotions by speech sounds and gestures.

Key Tips for Preparing a Speech

1. Organize your speech.
 Helps improve clarity of thought in a systematic way
 Increases the likelihood that the speech will be effective.

2. Get to the point.

 General purpose- to inform, persuade, entertain or inspire
 Specific purpose- what you want the audience to do after listening to your speech

3. Use short words and short sentences.

 “The SIMPLER the BETTER.”
 Use short words and short sentences, people find them easier to understand
 Short words can carry more force in a statement

4. Persuade with power.

 Use logic, emotion, and appropriate humor
 The ability to understand to convince to get other people to understand, accept and
act upon your ideas is a valuable skill.

- Audiences are unlikely to understand disorganized speeches and even less likely to
think that disorganized speakers are reliable or credible.
Speeches are organized into three main parts:
 Introduction
 Body
 Conclusion

Structure of Speech
 Introduction- the most important part of the speech
- establishes the first, crucial contact between the speaker and the audience
- should last less than a minute
- the introduction needs to accomplish three things:

a.) Focus your audience’s attention.

b.) Establish goodwill and credibility.
c.) Give a preview.

 Body- contains all the information to support the idea

- the center part of the speech; explains and discusses the key ideas of the speech
- transitions often serve to signpost new points, do pause before an important idea
- speakers might number main points
- the fewer the main points, the better
- for short speeches, under 10 mins.
- speeches should not have more than three main points
- for longer speeches, more than five main points

 Conclusion- should be somewhat shorter than the introduction and accomplishes two
purposes:
 summarize main ideas
 give the speech a sense of closure and completion

- might refer back to the introduction, offer an analogy or metaphor that

captures the main idea, or leave the audience with a question or a challenge of some
topic.
- Brief quotations can also make effective conclusions (just as they can make
effective openings for introductions).
 Principles of Speech Delivery

1. Articulation- pronouncing the words and speaking with clear diction, that effectively
transmits the message.
2. Modulation- refers to the capability to adjust or manipulate the resonance and timbre of
the vocal tone.
3. Stage presence- it is the ability to own the stage and being able to fill the space and
project the speaker’s personality to the audience.
4. Facial Expression, Gestures and Movement- they build connections with audience
and help emphasize your points
- they convey your feelings as a speaker and add drama to your speech
5. Audience Rapport- it is the trust and connection that speaker creates with his or her
audience.

Types of Speeches According to Delivery

Advantages Disadvantages
1. Manuscript: delivers this type of  It delivers directly the exact  t is typically an
speech in a word-for-word manner. repetition of original words uninteresting way to
from its written form. present. The presentation
 It is useful when a message tends to be dull.
needs to be delivered in
precise words.
2. Memorized: speech that  It enables the speaker to  He/she might end up
involves a commitment to maintain eye contact with the speaking in a monotone or
remember the whole content. audience. a sing-song repetitive
 It allows the speaker to be delivery pattern or in a
free of notes and move freely rapid "machine gun" style.
around the stage and use  He/she might go
hands to make gestures. completely blank during
the presentation or suffer
from mental block
3. Extemporaneous: presentation  It is speaking in a limited time  It requires a great deal of
of a carefully planned and and guided by notes or preparation for both the
rehearsed speech spoken in a outline. verbal and nonverbal
conversational manner using brief  The speaker will be components of the
notes. perceived as knowledgeable speech.
and credible and the
audience is likely to pay
better attention to the
message because it is
engaging both verbally and
nonverbally.
4. Impromptu: an unrehearsed  It is spontaneous and  The speaker is given little
speech where the speaker delivers responsive in an animated or no time to contemplate
it conversationally and on the spur group context. the central theme of
of moment. his/her message.
Types of Speech According to Purpose

1. Informative Speech: It aims to provide interesting and useful information to the

audience on a specific topic or subject and focuses on giving significant information
and factual statements.
2. Demonstrative speech: It aims to instruct to do something or focuses on how
something works. Commercials and training sessions are popular examples.
3. Persuasive Speech: It aims to influence the audience. It is designed to convince the
audience to change the way they think or to do something. The speaker acts as an
advocate or supporter of an idea, belief, attitude or behavior.
4. Entertainment Speech: It aims to entertain or amuse listeners by using light, funny
or witty anecdotes. It provides pleasure and enjoyment that makes the audience
laugh.