Surface Water Hydrology

Tutorial 6 (Questions 1 and 2)

Tutorial 7 (Questions 3-6)

1. The rainfall recorded over a basin area for a 60-min storm event and the ordinates of 5 min UH are given in
Table below. The initial loss is 16 mm and constant loss rate (Ф-index) is 6 mm/hr. Generate the storm
hydrograph. Determine the peak outflow at the outlet of basin.

Table 1:
Time
(minutes) Rainfall (mm) 5-min UH (m3/s)
0 0.00
10 5.4 0.10
20 6.8 0.70
30 10 2.13
40 6.2 4.80
50 2 8.30
60 1.6 12.03
70 15.10
80 15.20
90 11.93
100 6.93
110 2.98
120 1.08
150 0

2. The rainfall recorded over a catchment area (Figure 1) for a 30-min storm event, loss rates and the ordinates
of 10 min UHs for subbasin A, B and C are given in Table 2 below. Generate the storm hydrograph at the
outlet of watershed. Assume 40 minutes travel time from X to Y and use simple lag route method (shift in
time only).
 Subbasin B

Subbasin A

Subbasin C

Y
Outlet of watershed

Figure 1:

Table 2:
Subbasin A Subbasin B Subbasin C
Time Rainfall Loss 10 min UH Loss 10 min UH Loss 10 min UH
(minutes) (mm/hr) (mm/hr) (m3/s) (mm/hr) (m3/s) (mm/hr) (m3/s)
0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10 70 10 0.1 20 0.1 20 14.2
20 125 5 0.5 10 0.7 2.5 28.4
30 65 5 1.6 10 2.1 2.5 42.5
40 3.6 4.8 28.4
50 6.2 8.3 14.2
60 9.0 12.0 0.0
70 11.3 15.1
80 11.4 15.2
90 8.9 11.9
100 5.2 6.9
110 2.2 3.0
120 0.8 1.1
130 0.0 0.0
3. The inflow hydrograph at junction X (Figure 1) is given in Table 3. Route this hydrograph through channel
XY using Muskingum method. Assume travel time constant K=40 minutes, weighting factor x=0.1.
Determine peak attenuation and translation time. Plot inflow and outflow hydrographs clearly labelling all
salient features. (Answer: Peak attenuation=32.2%, lag time between peak inflow and outflow=20 min)

Table 3.

Time Inflow
(min) (m3/s)
0.0 0.0
10.0 1.8
20.0 14.7
30.0 58.8
40.0 159.6
50.0 330.4
60.0 553.0
70.0 786.9
80.0 956.0
90.0 958.9
100.0 768.9
110.0 481.3
120.0 233.9
130.0 86.6
140.0 18.1
150.0 0.0

4. Determine the storm hydrograph at outlet of watershed (Point Y in Figure 1) by adding the routed
hydrograph in Question 3 and direct runoff of subbasin C obtained in Question 2. Compare the results of
storm hydrograph with that obtained in Question 2.

5. How will outflow hydrograph obtained in Question 3 change if K=20 minutes and x=0.1? Plot the resulting
hydrographs. Compare your results. (Answer: Peal attenuation=14.8%, lag time between peak inflow and
outflow=10 min)

How will the result change if K=20 minutes and x changes to 0.5? (Peak attenuation=0%, time delay for
peak=10 min)

6. To control the outflow exiting from the subbasin B (Figure 2), it is proposed to construct a reservoir with an
overfall spillway. For the proposed reservoir, the storage (S) in m 3 can be approximated as, S=50,000(H+3)
where H is the height above the spillway crest in m. The discharge over the spillway can be estimated as Q
=0.5L H1.5 (m3/s). The length (L) of the spillway is 10 m. Plot the stage-discharge curve & storage-indication
curve for the reservoir.

Assuming initial reservoir storage 350,000 m3, route the inflow hydrograph given in Table 4. Plot both inflow
and outflow hydrographs clearly labelling all salient features. Determine peak attenuation and translation
time. (Answer: Peak attenuation=29.2%, time delay=10 min)
 Subbasin B

Subbasin A

Reservoir

Subbasin C

Y
Outlet of watershed

Figure 2:

Table 4.

Time Inflow
(min) (m3/s)
0.0 0.0
10.0 0.8
20.0 7.7
30.0 31.8
40.0 86.6
50.0 180.4
60.0 303.0
70.0 431.9
80.0 526.0
90.0 528.9
100.0 424.9
110.0 266.3
120.0 129.9
130.0 48.6
140.0 10.1
150.0 0.0