NAME: AL-MASHER L.

AMAL DATE: NOVEMBER 28, 2022

GRADE & SECTION: XII-DAHLIA SCORE:

LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 1-A

“OSMOSIS”

I-MATERIALS

Electronic Balance
Ruler
Measuring Cup
6 Disposable Cup
Potatoes
Knife
Paper Towels
Watch
Table Salt
Distilled Water
Beaker
Marking Pen
Paper Tape

II-PROCEDURE

1. Pre-mix 6 beakers of salt solutions (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%,

5%) in distilled water. You can use this solution calculator to
help you make your solutions. Just enter the water volume of
your container and the percentage of salt you want and it will
tell you how many grams of salt to add. A 1% salt solution is 1
part salt to 100 parts water. To make a 1% salt solution, you
could use a 100 ml bottle, add exactly 1 gram of salt (use your
electronic balance) to your bottle, and bring the water volume
up to 100 ml. To make a 0.1% solution, add 1 gram of salt to
1000 ml of water (or add 0.1 g salt to 100 ml of water). If you
have more water than you need, just stir well and then discard
the excess.
2. Prepare six small potato cubes with no skin that are all about
equal in size (approximately 5 millimeters in length, width and
height) and blot them dry on a paper towel. (Blot means just
gently remove the surface water; no need to squeeze them!)
3. Mass (weigh) each to the nearest 0.01 grams, keeping them
separate, and record each initial mass in Table 1. Don't wait too
long before putting them into the solutions, as evaporation will
occur.
4. Fill each bowl with one of the 6 stock solutions, keeping track of
which is which! Label them. You won't be able to tell the salinity
just by looking. Note which potato piece went into which bowl.
 5. Leave one of the potato slices in each of the salt solutions for up
to 24 hours so that they may gain (or lose) water by osmosis.
(Keep them all in the salt water the same amount of time--
leaving them overnight is likely to give the best results).
6. Remove the slices, blot them dry on a paper towel, carefully re-
weigh them and record in the data table as final mass.

III-TABLE OF RESULT

 Record your actual results in a table like this one:

% Initial Final Mass Change

Table 1
Salt Mass Mass (g)
Sample 0.0% 1.07 g 1.39 g 0.32 g
1
Sample 0.1% 1.11 g 1.15 g 0.04 g
2
Sample 0.5% 1.03 g 0.78 g -0.25 g
3
Sample 1.0% 0.96 g 0.80 g -0.16 g
4
Sample 2.5% 0.86 g 0.77 g -0.09 g
5
Sample 5.0% 1.03 g 0.86 g -0.17 g
6
Table 1: Changes in potato mass as a result of immersion in salt solutions.

2. Prepare a graph showing change in mass as a function of % salt. Scale the

x-axis of your graph in units of 0.5 percent. The y-axis has a zero line half
way up, indicating whether the samples lost or gained weight. You will have
to scale the y-axis according to your greatest and smallest changes in mass.
Figure 1: Change in mass of potato (g) due to water gain/loss as a
function of salt concentration.
3. When completed, use a ruler to draw a straight line of best
fit through your six data points, or use the computer to graph your
data and calculate the line of best fit. Where the line of best fit crosses
the horizontal zero line, draw a vertical line down to the x-axis. This is
the point at which the potato is isotonic with its surroundings, and is
therefore the estimated salt concentration of the potato.
IV-Questions:
1. Why did some potato samples gain water and others lose water?
Was there any pattern?
- Some potato samples gain water and others lose water
because of percentage of salt concentration that have in every solution
and labeled it with how many percentage that have in every solution.
2. When you drew the best fit line through your data and dropped
the vertical line to the x-axis, what salt concentration did you
obtain (Estimate if it is between numbers)? What does this
mean for the potato?
- When I drew the best fit line through the data and dropped
the vertical lines to the x-axis, the salt concentration that I
obtained was 1% (percent) that the potato losses it’s mass of 0.16
g.
3. Why can't we use seawater to irrigate our crops?
- Sea water contains both sodium and chloride. Many crops,
especially vegetables, are sensitive to these ions. Spraying sea
water directly on crops would kill them. Research is trying to find
ways to remove the sodium and chloride from sea water so that it
can be used for irrigation. We can't irrigate crops with seawater as-
is but maybe we can use it after removing the sodium and chloride.
4. What happens when a thirsty person drinks salt water to try to
quench their thirst?
- When a person drinks salt water to try to quench their thirst,
they are actually causing themselves great harm. The reason is
that the salt in the water is preventing the body from absorbing
water properly. The cells in our bodies need to absorb water as part
of their normal function, and if we don't allow them enough time to
do this, they can become dehydrated and die.
5. Why does salted popcorn dry your lips?
- Salted popcorn is a great snack, but beware: it can dry out your
lips. Salted popcorn is high in sodium and other minerals that
contribute to dryness, so it's probably not the best choice if you
have sensitive skin or lips. If you're looking for a healthier
alternative to salted popcorn, try plain popcorn with just salt on
top.
6. What happens to a cell's water when the exterior liquid is saltier
than its interior?
- The water inside a cell is more concentrated than that of the
surrounding liquid. The more concentrated the water, the less it
can dissolve in it. This means that if the interior of a cell is saltier
than its exterior, it will be unable to hold on to as much water as it
would like.
7. What happens to water outside the cell when the interior is
saltier than its surroundings?
- When the interior of a cell is saltier than its surroundings, water
will evaporate from the interior of the cell and be lost to space.
When water molecules enter a cell, they are attracted to each other
by hydrogen bonds. The more positively charged of these bonds
are, the more attractive they are. Since the interior of a cell is
slightly more negatively charged than its surroundings, it can
attract water molecules from those surroundings. These molecules
then dissolve into the interior of the cell and become part of its
structure.
8. When a cell gains water, what happens to its size and weight?
- When a cell gain water, it will become larger and heavier.
On the one hand, this is because water is a colloid: a
substance that is made up of tiny particles which can
easily be seen with the naked eye. However, when these
 particles are suspended in a liquid they are no longer
visible to the naked eye. Therefore, the size and weight of
a cell will increase as it gains water because this
increases the amount of material that it contains. This
means that its volume also increases as well as its mass.
At the same time though, when a cell gain water its
volume will decrease too because when liquid is added to
a solid it becomes less dense than before; therefore if
there was already more liquid in there then there would
be less solid matter now too! This means that both the
volume and mass of cells will decrease when they gain
water.
9. When a cell loses water, what happens to its size and
weight?
- When a cell loses water, it shrinks in size. This is because the
cell's volume decreases as the water molecules are lost from its
interior volume. The cells weight also decreases because there
are fewer molecules causing it to be heavier than before.
10. When you put limp celery stalks in water, they firm up. Why?
- When you put limp celery stalk in water, it firm up because of it's
absorbed a water and it's like a hypotonic environment. Also in a salt
water it was able limp celery to gained more water for it is why firming
up more.
11. Challenge question: Saltwater fish are hypotonic (less salty) to
their surroundings while freshwater fish are hypertonic (more
salty) to their surroundings. Assuming the salt can't move, what
must each fish do with its fluids in order to compensate for the
difference in salinity between the body and the surrounding
environment?

NAME: AL-MASHER L. AMAL DATE: NOVEMBER 28, 2022

GRADE & SECTION: XII-DAHLIA SCORE:

LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 1-B

“OSMOSIS”
I-Materials
3 eggs
3 glasses (large enough to fit the egg plus liquid)
3 butter knives
White vinegar (about 3 cups)
Distilled water (about 2 cups)
Light honey syrup (about 1 ¼ cups)
Slotted spoon
Measuring cup (1 cup)
Measuring spoons (1 tablespoon and ½ tablespoon)
Sticky notes and marker
Scale (optional)
II-Procedure

Note: It’s okay to touch the eggs, but remember to wash your hands
afterwards to avoid any nasty surprises!

1. Place one egg in each glass. Pour in enough vinegar to cover each
egg. Bubbles will start to form around the egg, and it’ll float up. To
keep it submerged, put a butter knife in the glass to hold it down.
2. Put the three glasses in the refrigerator and allow to sit for 24
hours.

3. Gently holding the egg in the glass, pour out the old vinegar.
Replace with fresh vinegar, and let sit in the refrigerator for another
24 hours. Repeat this process until the shells are fully dissolved and
only the membrane remains. This should take about 2-3 days.

4. Gently remove the eggs using the slotted spoon and rinse with tap
water in the sink. Rinse out the empty glasses as well.

5. Gently put the shell-less eggs aside for a moment on a plate.

6. Prepare three different sugar-water solutions as follows, labeling

with sticky notes:

Glass 1: Label “hypertonic”. Pour in one cup of honey syrup.

Glass 2: Label “isotonic”. Add 1 ½ tablespoons corn syrup to the one

cup measuring cup, and fill the remainder with distilled water. Pour
into glass (make sure you get all the corn syrup out!) and stir to
dissolve.

Glass 3: Label “hypotonic”. Pour in one cup of distilled

water.Gently put one shell-less egg in each of the glasses, and let sit
in the refrigerator for another 24 hours.

7. Remove the glasses from the refrigerator, and gently put the eggs

on a plate. If you weighed the eggs before putting them in each
solution, weigh them again. What happened to each of the eggs?
III-TABLE OF RESULT

SOLUTION STARTING ENDING

WEIGHT (g) WEIGHT (g)

HYPERTONIC 86.6 g 67.80 g

ISOTONIC 86.56 g 88.09 g

HYPOTONIC 87.9 g 93.9 g

IV-DISCUSSION

In our experiment we discovered about the passive transport of

cellular membrane that what the eggs represent for. One of the type of
passive transport is osmosis that have a different kind which is the
hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic.