Assignment - | KeAKhiLttunaY shot angusers Rone L. Aduantages by the Segrrantation ) Segmentation Proiiicdes a powerful memory management mechariim, rounmees -to petition thelr preqycuns {nto motules nidepenclentty) of one anothee. EUlO prECes$06 =o ccusily sha data. Dd Te allows pry hak operates t | 3) seqrants ecto | 4) Th attows to extend the addins Lilly of a proweoT | Les segmentation extlows the UAC OF tobit Aeqistees to give ey AdARLSSNG cespantillley of Ame. dither segmentation ye mould Acute. aobit acsistec, 5) seqmentadion maxes VE Possible to sepeunte the memo accag, for Skat coke and data. ~to Incense the memos auobting amore than one segrrune \) eae is possible size of Come data er stewie segments bayonet 6qKe by fpy Each CLA De Explain about the Insteuckion eee Tirstenckion Guest ca) ee | Thekeuction Quee ys asteuctee into which the prveessor Fetcher sn cteuckions - A Separate echedutley Usually idantfes nis queue frsterckions that ate Readies ond dispakces Prom tp be executed Se byte —wtice bus Line neni Queve Scanned with CamScanner - —MpMc 212¢snoa.ug ~ 114 Yeon ELE3) DiPFeeences between the procedtrvee ond macro's 7 MACRO }) Maceo contains a Set oF instenction to support mededlay prog vernening, 2) Tt is wed tov cmact sek of- PNerEUct ons Mottty Less thouy, ren Fnsteuctions 3) Memory zemtivement is high; |N) mamoand acembler directive | ENDM ig Used to Incicate the | bodkey fs over by MACRO axsembl | | { Aincchive- 5) execution time of mace is lye anit executes Pager -than i Proceclereeg. PROCEDURE D procecture Eontains aset Of Ansteuctions which can be calcd Atpekitivelay wohich aan pectoom Specific task. 2) Te is used for lege Set OF TNSHAUCEIONS MMO stly emore than ben iInstLuctions . 2) Memory Arieement Io less. UU) Presembur clizective PROC Fs red bo detine Procedures OMeMNbIeEL dinective Enipp fe Uxecl to inditake the body is OVER: 5) exeention time of procedures fe high as it exccectes Slower thon macro: 4) Naxkous addsesing. modes oP E0Eb pro 7 | Addacssing mode indicates anc uo of Locating cata ©1) Operands (1) How the adders of the Opecanct 1S Speci tient fin the instauction. | According +o ‘the flow af instenetion tothe execution the, | insteuction MAH be Consicleredd aa exeertion ag ) seguential control loco fnsteuctions 3) control teans#ee Insteuction s, © mediate addsesving mode. © retakive ae @ Resister addsewming mocle. @© diacet addeesing mode @ Fncliveck adduesving mode © andered - adeeerring wocte K . @® wared& index. ® Resakive Rage cand rrerlin Scanned with CamScanner1) Tmmedciate aAddaersing. mocte Ty ANis type Of addacsstng immudiate cata ta pat of instaction end etppeacs tn the fm oF cuccessiue oe | Bor | | bits Te the data f ‘specified feseet in the tnskauckion ¢ immudtate odelessing Mocle See ex Mov Ax, 2734. 2) Register addacssing mocte'- Tn this addussing mode the data ts specified in -he Aagist & (dota {¢ content of rcgister). exe Mov AX, BX 3) Direct adderwing mocte - The addacss Of the data fs specitied fn the Pnsteuction ( pata ts available In MEMO] those, ado ving is speci Fred ta fnsteuction), AK C9s07H]}. nq mode |— The adders oF dhe Hota fs specitical by the Aagister Cate in abe enemosey TES memory locarion addses s s specified in the segister). xn Mott AX (ex). 5) Trderod addeering mode — ; : bets the data fs string nype Tks addarss 1S Specified by the Inder ROGister cd qncdet REPS CY tc pr -&Ds the Tncesc S &) Indirect adda (tor -Es the yegistes 1S sr} exic Mou Ax (sr). Scanned with CamScannerBee = 6) Relative Regieter adderwsing mode In the data ts available at in ekfecttue ndharss Fowmed y adding Sit (07) 16 HIE register (8% displacement with the content of Bp s=) OL) ty the defouce ony one of the seqment- ex Mov Ax 50 (8x3. ze addanrring yoke ‘> addaave of alata fs toned by adding D Based inde egicter CBX, BP) HO the content The ekfechue the Contents oF & abytes 7 Of an Inder REGIE (str ext Mov ax (8x3 (57) pry 8) Relative Base and Trdexime |- The effective adders is Base naqicter formccl by adcling the Bx, Index sagister content and obit or (S6it displacement ex’ Mov Ax, 50 £6%3 cst} 5) «nstauctions pust, POP» XLAT, Len, LDS, EQU- ) pusH> syntax - puset, Zoures* t fasteuctions coples 2 bytes of data fom Source —> Tn push tothe sback MUMOLY: Souvce Moves qnto the Stocte —> The 18t Byte CMSB) OF Segment memory Location pointed by Sp-l > Te ant pyte (LSe) moves into tthe Stock Segment many Location pointed by Spee Scanned with CamScanner oe, (Tre Source can be a generar purpose aegintess, segenent ‘ » Segrnant Lo6ft bee, qrstacection Fs VEY LOINMON Ge ob f eee oy MEMORY + This qubsoutines | procedures No (lag ts catfecteck POP instar tim syntart > pop de stination. Ati OTY Copies Abytes of gon ramon The pop inst data Pyem to Acstinnion, 2 The (St byte Chast Signitient’) pointed by LOwke bares of ploakanakion, & and byte (most significa) pointed bY ‘Spl moves JOto Lighte “S bytes oF daseination- Pp TEsise ts anceemented ine Spra. te) > Apstination > Aosinakin sp moves anto + Again the s Spr Clowec by sey, (rtigher byte) “spray Aneeemented . LAT. insteuckion ae Se oe eeeceeeeeeeeeeeeae LAT ; HURT locas byte entey Ir a table to Memon UAT the contents Of the AL Mister as Erbe Indleat,, then a ; prea Contents of the tale entuy back nto the AL segister, he 2 used to teanslate a byte in Al a MEME - L using a table tn the. Scanned with CamScannerSqntare- LEN Regiv, Source =STHes Mnsteuction dateomtnes athe obtset ov CECE adders of variable oY memor location named 2 gouree And Loads fein 2eqister Qe -nto fogs axe effected. ex UGA SI) ARRAY —> Load ST register watith the epteckive aadrers of cuca fin DS. Lps / Les ( Wwod pointer to psf es) Fr syntax > Lys Regie, momle- Tt copies & word memond Locations ,In data, Seqments whose addsrrs 4s gpecified in the inskececkion to the \bbie ALSISECe specified an the qnstertction, Te then copres athe nek word Into DS sorister, No Hag is abtected: ex- Los SE (S000H]. det BOCOW ') Ig soot) GSH sooan, 254 5003H 7*H SoG HY, EF: After exccettion SL, wisH PSR, T83SH. Scanned with CamScannererrs EQUATE | ERY Formal: 0 yactable Nan eau experi 9) sung name, EAU rated! this dice 16 Used 10 equate o aciable name, with another variable nome ov) ammicuately oka. sgtmilanty Stein. name will pe equated ab to.sAselt codes OF cheuactecs 17 ANY" exe .COUNT “EBV ( nas AAT) 2 Qe PORT EGU SOCOH: ren ARENT) of exprens jon. he CounT 16 equate to value 2 gimitacly dhe port has the ole gooolt. Draw aqteenad axchitectise of Bose and explain each Component: what do you mean by pipetining:? or #5 divicled the intecnal auchitectuse OF OBE process functionat units these cee into two ‘separate a ’) pus interface Unit cal) » EXCLU unit CEV) athe chia? sion o- processing, gimerntancousty - quntts “speed of Scanned with CamScannermemory phesiphevalS OPesanetie ioe | L tags J Fig: Inteenat Architectere Of Goss miceoprocescor Scanned with CamScanner |eS ) BUS inter. er i pus fateetace Wi CAI) The Bus infectace unit i nit prouides the fotetface to ey.teenal world - He genccates the aobit physteat addeess and Wandltes eft th andles ate the data transfers: functions of BLU = )™% etches insteuction farm memory ») TE cad /watte data from memony { ports. | )) Tt sends the addvess +0 memory } ts OTtS: ) TE supports an gnaterretion (re) ’ D Exe execution unit is 46 hag contol cise ption unit (ev) > | wo zs | ponsible from the Instactton | qubion and fo clisecb itis | ErakiOns + Funckions ot eur ow a = ye pices YP the i Aston 8 of BIV: angterictions and Th devotes the ins openaions ithes t° coouy ok. TE opecoion>* 3) pe uses athonatic & losfe untt (Atv) TO peetoom (oott abic and Logica® cpecattons Like acid, subterct) fi ccomplemenE€ chiftr gt2uctions porn th aecidies Upon the. Uaeioug, thot exocrtbe Anes ec 4) AND OR KOR fqercerente dectoent, 4) Teupdotts, the gues of Hog Angier. en nett instauccon Gt > Ly faom vohe 5) Le infowms al daka hes to beee Pipe line = fetching “of the gngtsstO hecoling of- the ONO eg, tion of the other Bsteuceion 5 Simuntay qnsteuesion, exert weestty IC catucd pipet: auae Pew fuves of 8086 MICO PRO AG7 {Ebr processors It mean, Explain 4he hae gine single oeessot toa 1) The 8086 micco (7 tbe acces Se a Lebit of gnsteuction + fstee Sek and most of Boxe ignak euch hake Cr lebit atime 7-2 7A Singte Tnsteuction. Tt has le bit daka_ anes. data bus @) 6 eess Lines, So, it 3) Tr has 20 pit addacss bus @ 2° ride can haved maximum of MB - of memon Tehas to bit Lo odderesses + SO» TE CON acces’ Upto -th, 6K. LO ports oF the leweices, ‘ Capacity = Nook memory yx Each memory alto cations: capeut og Qe’ = MX 1B " Qo " a (MB > Gpacity of miceoprocessor alba Gye > Mo of deuices can be Foterta Input clettices of processor ced -foy > Tt has | 4 Reg tsteeg and All are obit ALa (sterg Scanned with CamScannerpypersgar tS Re Bee t quetred 22 Of the checty cycte 4) The Boke clock: ON peciok y 24 = OFF peciod« fn minimum ank 7 Yoo 5) The 8086 proceso can be used anraxtmen made + 6) Te ts used OY the NMOS “technology * pechanned Metre oxide semion 11 BOK’ proceisor- “NMOS — hurctor Matectarg oe qe used by the “ClSc technology: uctions “set computer: aise- complet Fnstu nunbee sank abl Re 8) Ee has 1G BE gogistees for I Parkas acchitectire: a) TE woes on the + volts “woltage te ce EOPIO Te > puatin Line package (DIP); a a wo) rt Fnto the. The 3086 processor signals Ae Fhasitied LINE GEOUPS \) pddeons| data but “(Ady » Addsess} geatus bus (Ar 5 ADo) ~ 16777319. [co ADs | 83. 3) conteol and * exup ond external gnieraked Signely, a ante 5) powser SUPP and clock Pango signats, Scanned with CamScannervoc GND ‘ oie i ADIS- ae ; Apie/ $3 ae E ATS a Z As | $s 204 é go86 - Bta] $b | —S APE 18 MiccO proce SSOY Bre | $7 imal MN/(/ mx ADE — rah ApS —. & Apy — | Caalet-—-Hsi fn Ra cemy ; My - (DCR . ---- WR A0\l —~ m t AD0 —— 5 : == nM! a ov Ta ‘So - ——— DEN INTR 15 | eae CLK J 1g iL @sy----- bale |— rest an} END Ro al Rancly. * + Reser Aig Hadewace features (Zp) PIN DIAGRAM OF 3086 IMICL0 processor Scanned with CamScanner‘Ado ADs (addease pate Bos)” gidisactional addess| ata ines. These ace tow order adders RUS: Tuy ate muttei pleted with data- 2 when these Lines are. uscd to taansmit memorg adh 044, the symbol A t6 used Instead oF AD. e% Ao— AIS. Alo #19 (output)> High ordes adress Unes. These ace surttiplerted wlth stots signals. Mo}sa, Al7[ sq - ALE cand Alt ate Pee Signs sand Sy. ULeL pleated with Seqrent ident: AIB [oo AIS 4S mecteiplencd tatth intercept tats SE" nel got Aa rrurttiplened vorth status Signal S6. are [$7 Coutputdi Bus ‘High Enable | status. Ductng Ty, apis tow: Tt enables the aaka onto dhe most Signiticant ark of Boke bUS, pedis: Bek Aateica, Connectest -bo urppecbalt of the dots bus use BHE Signet: TL Is meclOpe-| | tod Ut ctatus signal S7 $7 signa 58 OF actlable deeetng Band TH ep CRread) For veack apecakion _ Te Ioan oucepuct gackive when LOW eae cignek: Tet Reser Cgppst) system eset. The Signad 1s active LAH , cuer cece wn pet of 5, & OF OMHZ | INTR- Intesept Raquest™ Non- maskoble finteerpt sequeestr hen cinpet) = creer Scanned with CamScanner— a TEST Cinpul) > UGait-for test cantor when COLD ERE Ap CONKNUCS ere cetion thee ur se vont ts: NCC poe suepplyy eve: Nd coun MN] RRM The eatetowam| mracimuumrnadt Pi sderts etter, ce maturn oa operation for Ate ICRP minimum mede © = athe MN MAX FO must be, mune MOLL AS The dake sgonernttrp xecoues SIGNAL shows rot when prownor dak ais tea.nsmikking Comeed oy wcciving : ou(R= antes TRG igre ied ko enable. externas darker buts Ae (RS) DEN F pakabus enables ACRVakes ex: = HOLD: The hot input rewests a dixect i PirgradsAs CORICL PRE TOIELO PHOCEASOY es eo ae ond places Ub acters PS executing softune 4 idate and contyl bus atthe hi Lmpedonce Seaker TE the HOLD pi he Mig D Pin ig a Logic O, the LP CKeckes -softercee owmosty, Scanned with CamScannerALD aE hewe ented the hold state nee opreees Sots M fo the To|mM ov M[xo (086) pin Selects memozy{ OF to. ants pin indicates atak MiceOprece shor addetss buy Lontatns either a memory acicerss OF an Tlo port addres. THIS pin is at Ys high impedance. stake chueeing & hold ac encntedt ge , List out differnt aacembler cisectives red in Qose processor vasith examples Me assembly language yroyrem consists of some statements, commands +o the: processo% and these look which ace Noe he Con fart these eee Not the insteuckior Uke the TNStLUctioNs for the prowessor These, They only quide tne. O46 psercto oO embles UNKLE and Loacdkerr HTREY He pater 1 pecations aee cragembler Bisectes: yeven’ Altign the even addarssed cron, Fosmnat > ENEN- < Used to inforn assembler to TNcemeNnt => THIS chimeckivie fs counter tO Next even MEMOted address, Wik as TOE aluady of an een adceess+ DAT SeqMent— NUM DB Spe al eXlen ugr ow 5° duupricerte Co)--> if process ccccess 8am the. een adders MUL LocatTn. Scanned with CamScanner Hold a Clenowtledge Inctfcates the & qoRb " ace nok converted Into machine cocle w@» ASSUME ‘ ’ nent tems 24 Fosmak = Assume > whew ngsume ss or pogtstess > one s segrnent ene of the: OS by Users ©pecation- This ciacctive 1S used to inform he easgembled , the NAMC Of Ros & parkiorkae Segment, \ogicat seqrent Te shoutd Use Assume, CS. CODE + DS’, DATA above dcacctive informs khe assembles, the Name ap he Logica segment, pe should Use for & packiontae Seqment: exe MoU AX, DATE Mov DS) AX ommak }- Vauiable RAMe- DB valid, MALE A ne EX OB) 131 HF: > This disertiue 1s used to clefting a byte type vu aeblota! single oy muctiple byte Variables a con be detine. 155, 68 ext Ext ) NUM DB 555 Resentie one memory Lo CeetOr) Ip Ramer NOM Ane initiant F SoH. initiagise Tt-to 2) Mes vB” : ) Be HAPPY’, Resecue 3 bytes fay Asctt codes a ‘i HERS Bry NAME, MES nittarige. with: BE tarry, ‘Scanned with CamScanner-— salle eeatind Lf) DEFINE WORD Cw) ee Format = Veateicuble name, Put uate L, Valuer,» Apis disective 15 USA to cletine a wloset ype Mata Oe ei . ingle o1 multiple wort Vatla&les Can be ctetine. Ext {) RES DUI 7 5 Resecve one Word memory LocoktOn by RES: Resecue one word Ca Gor eu wlith Ascit eeudvalent of aot S) ARRAY DI Iss! Resecue Ont word memoty for ARRAY and ini tali ce D NUM ut las) bytes) memory a3 anc Afariable NAM with the wad 0055" & POVBLE WORD CODD - 5) DEFIN Fommat = Varia te nie use to a The DD A pwr? A fs mackeep OF Bab oy aed: OES » Emomple - p word + Dwosd a ceclarc & DUloRO — aincetve % sesaaucacls chowbte WO pw (23aSeT8h pr 424 ee 7295 j CEEEEFEFFH. Scanned with CamScanner dabble name, NUM and eniticlfse, | | | | |Eormat'- variable name , =y The DYP reiecetiue t an expression a given ext per pw s up Cs* cosmat’y by Qe. Setting nat 2p Tats aie RUS g ACLU name of another Vi egy 2:0 2. PORT EGU “Sooors Ye The count IS 10) oer cuisines m FosmotT ertpts saseenue © ee ae Location COuN tres » CU TSU he Stark OF VRP ELE ORE Ooh will ofeset ‘of looh i the pata type , eus Ihe assembl mumber GF Limes + \raiate, NOUN me EGU 1g used © equort Imm ediake CACLECL + 2) ore Numeric . kK assign a alee Locattary Counter NUM DUp Cvalue), eg bo deepifacte, HED) Resewe ewoorcl Memo} tocati same UST them } sequas eo Nott of ee 0 ORAL Numeeie Ute uUalue- e memoLy ons 6Y actecole and dupucerte, yalth: GoRPH: equ expressions " steing’s eck Lictotete. name, woth eAY2— ARRAY) ) ont equ (Pa = Zz : ae ror is Usedto lcceP teack of howd @1) VariaGtr ts, euueey fro) Ce, Segments+ xract the nent eastecection at cuy of os ot) “yt x Scanned with CamScanner somone |