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TW 05

The document provides guidelines for visual design elements in documents including page design, use of headings, fonts, and specific guidelines for tables, charts, drawings and other graphics. It discusses using white space, margins, line spacing and paragraph length in page design and proper use of headings, running headers and footers for navigation. It also provides tips for color, font selection and guidelines for accurate and clear graphics.

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Mohamed Thaer
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8 views

TW 05

The document provides guidelines for visual design elements in documents including page design, use of headings, fonts, and specific guidelines for tables, charts, drawings and other graphics. It discusses using white space, margins, line spacing and paragraph length in page design and proper use of headings, running headers and footers for navigation. It also provides tips for color, font selection and guidelines for accurate and clear graphics.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Thaer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Visual Design

◼ Elements of Page Design


◼ Elements for Navigation
◼ Fonts
◼ General Guidelines for Graphics
◼ Specific Guidelines for Six Graphics
◼ Misuse of Graphics

Elements of Page Design


◼ White Space
◼ Attracts attention
◼ Guides the eye to important information on the page
◼ Relives the boredom of reading text
◼ Helps readers organize information
◼ Margins
◼ Use 1” to 1 ½” for most documents
◼ Use more space on left margin for bindery
◼ Use more space on bottom of page
◼ Hanging Indents
◼ Blocks of text to emphasize headers
◼ Bulleted and numbered lists
◼ Line Spacing
◼ Use single spacing for letters, memos, short reports
◼ Use 1 ½-space or double-spaced for longer documents
◼ Paragraph Length
◼ Give readers the chance to regroup
◼ Shape reader expectations
◼ Lists
◼ Cluster items for easy reading
◼ Groups of three to ten items
◼ Use lists for
◼ Examples
◼ Reasons for a decision
◼ Conclusions or recommendations
◼ Steps in a process
◼ Cautions or warnings
◼ Limitations or restrictions
◼ Use bullets or numbers as appropriate
◼ Format for ease of reading
◼ Use parallel lead-in words
◼ Punctuate and capitalize consistently
◼ Headings
◼ Use your outline to create headings and subheadings
◼ Use substantive wording ‫الموضوعية الكلمات‬
◼ Maintain parallel form in wording
◼ Establish clear hierarchy

Elements for Navigation

◼ Headings
◼ Brief labels used to introduce new sections or subsections
◼ Headings serve as a…
◼ signpost for readers
◼ grabber to entice readers
◼ visual “oasis” of white space
◼ Running Headers and Footers
◼ Page numbers, chapter titles, page numbers, graphic elements
◼ Help readers locate information

Color

◼ Focus attention of important details


◼ Limit use of color
◼ Color is expensive in professionally printed documents
◼ Color printing on desktop printers can be slow

Using Fonts

◼ Font Types
◼ Serif fonts
◼ Sans-serif fonts
◼ Type Size
◼ 10-12 point type is most common
◼ Type size appears varies from font to font

General Guidelines for Graphics

◼ Determine the Purpose of the Graphic


◼ Evaluate the Accuracy and Validity of the Data
◼ Refer to All Graphics in the Text
◼ Think About Where to Put Graphics
◼ Position Graphics Vertically When Possible
◼ Avoid Clutter ‫الضوضاء تجنب‬
◼ Provide Titles, Notes, Keys, and Source Data
Specific Guidelines for Graphics

◼ Tables
◼ Use Informal Tables as Extensions of Text
◼ Use Formal Tables for Complex Data Separated from Text
◼ Use Plenty of White Space
◼ Follow Conventions for Dividing and Explaining Data
◼ Pay Special Attention to Cost Data
◼ Pie Charts
◼ Use Pie Charts Especially for Percentages and Money
◼ Use No More Than 6 or 7 Divisions
◼ Move Clockwise from 12:00, from Largest to Smallest Wedge
◼ Be Creative, But Stay Simple
◼ Draw and Label Carefully
◼ Bar Charts
◼ Use a Limited Number of Bars
◼ Show Comparisons Clearly
◼ Keep Bar Widths Equal and Adjust Space Between Bars Carefully
◼ Carefully Arrange the Order of Bars
◼ Be Creative
◼ Line Charts
◼ Use Line Charts for Trends
◼ Locate Line Charts with Care
◼ Strive for Accuracy and Clarity
◼ Do Not Place Numbers on the Chart Itself
◼ Use Multiple Lines with Care
◼ Flowcharts
◼ Present Only Overviews
◼ Limit the Number of Shapes
◼ Provide a Legend When Necessary
◼ Run the Sequence from Top to Bottom or from Left to Right
◼ Label All Shapes Clearly
◼ Technical Drawings
◼ Choose the Right Amount of Detail
◼ Label Parts Well
◼ Choose the Most Appropriate View
◼ Use Legends When There Are Many Parts

Misuse of Graphics

◼ Confusing Bar Charts


◼ Chartjunk
◼ Confusing Pie Charts

Figure 3 Confusing Bar Charts Figure 2 Chartjunk Figure 1 Confusing Pie


Chart
Figure 12 Use of White Space—
Figure 11 Use of White Space—Hanging Figure 10 Use of White Space—Paragraph
Margins
Indents Length

Figure 9 Tables Figure 7 Bar Charts

Figure 6 Line charts

Figure 8 Pie Charts

Figure 5 Flowcharts Figure 4 Technical Drawings

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