CLASS MATERIAL

WEEK 7
CEL2103 WRITING ACADEMIC TEXTS
SEMESTER 2, 2022-2023

Developing Body Paragraph in Comparison and

Contrast Essay

 Supporting details
- Citing academic sources
- Avoiding plagiarism (in-text citations and
references)
 Citing Academic Sources: Reliable academic sources

It is important to use reliable and credible sources in an academic essay because your
readers will expect you to support your assertions with credible evidence.

Activity 1

Why do we need to include evidence as supporting details in academic writing?

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2

Identify whether the sources are reliable. Give your reasons.

No Sources Reliable (Yes/No) Reasons

1. Online journal article

2. School textbook

3. Weekly magazine

4. Wikipedia

5. Young adult novel

6. Personal blog

7. Local newspaper

8. Final year project

9. Official website

10. Thesis and dissertation

 Avoiding Plagiarism

Activity 3

Read these situations carefully and decide whether they are acts of plagiarism or not. State
your reason in the space provided.

No Situation Answer

A student uses an internet article in researching her Yes / No

paper. She finds several of the ideas in the article Reason:
useful and develops them in her own paper. Since
1
she does not quote from the text, she does not cite
in her paper, but she does include the reference in
the reference list.
You are taking a class that a friend has already Yes / No
taken. She lets you read her paper for you to get Reason:
2 some ideas and tells you to use any parts of the
paper you find useful. You incorporate some of her
paragraphs into your paper without citation.
A friend offers to let you read his paper to help you Yes / No
get some ideas and tells you to use any parts of the Reason:
paper you find useful. You incorporate one of his
3 paragraphs into your paper, and you are careful to
include all of the citations from his paper in your
footnotes so that readers will be able to find the
original source of the information.
A student finds a picture on the web that perfectly Yes / No
illustrates a point she wants to make in her paper. Reason:
He downloads the picture but does not use the
4 website’s analysis; in addition, he writes his own
caption for the picture. Since the analysis and
caption are his own, he does not include a citation
for the picture.

You are discussing your term paper with your Yes / No

5 professor. She gives you an interesting idea about Reason:

how you might interpret some of the materials you

 have been studying. Since the discussion was
informal and does not pertain to an area in which
your professor intends you to publish, you
incorporate her suggestions without
acknowledgement.

Avoiding Plagiarism: In-text Citation and Referencing

In-text citations are used to show the source of your information. This is important because it
adds credibility to your paper and helps to protect you from plagiarism.

Referencing allows you to acknowledge the contribution of other writers and researchers in
your work. Universiti Putra Malaysia practises the APA style (7 th Edition) of citation and
referencing.

Activity 4

Identify the errors in each of the citations below and write the correct answer.

Question 1

“Most people describe paper books to be ‘traditional books’, whereas electronic books are
described as ‘modern books’, but regardless of their differences, both serve the essential
function of reading” (Jack Audree, 2010).

Error:

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
Correction:

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Question 2

Unlike face-to-face learning, Eastmond states that distance learning is an increasingly

 important aspect of higher education because it meets the needs of an expanding pool of
non-traditional students who find education necessary for jobs in today’s information age.

Error:

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Correction:

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Question 3

As opposed to not wearing one, a study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce
the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and
cushions the head as compared to not wearing one. (Consumer Reports:2011)

Error:

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Correction:

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Question 4

On the other hand, Armstrong (2004) suggests that historical cost accounting has "passed
its use-by date".

Error:

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Correction:

_________________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________________

Activity 5

Write the in-text citations in APA style using the information below.

1. Author : Michelle Warn

Date : February 20, 2014

Paraphrase : Identifying potential plagiarism creates an opportunity for

dialogue, or a “teachable moment,” where students and faculty
can explore issues of academic integrity.

In-text citation:

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
2. Author : Dr Nadya Yakovchuk, Dr Jo Badge and Dr Jon Scott

Title : Moving beyond plagiarism detection towards a culture of

academic integrity

Date : March 2011

Paraphrase : Cut and slide plagiarism is committed when only a portion of the
source is appropriately documented. The rest of the source is
downgraded in importance and split off or moved to a footnote or
an appendix.

In-text citation:

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

3 Author : Allen Jameison, Susan Plette, Mike Bullet, Huston Leo, Hams
. Pesagor and Danial Mark

Title : A Quick Look at the Symptoms of Adult-Onset Cardiac Disease in

Diabetics

Date : Not available

Paraphrase : The patients showed few symptoms of adult-onset diabetes after

two weeks of treatment.

In-text citation:

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
4. Author : Mokhtar bin Ramli, Khoo Kheng-Hor and Azira binti Hashim

Date : 2002

Paraphrase : The most common and popular electronic information resource

was the Internet.

In-text citation:

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

5. Author : Jane E. Brody

Title : Mental Reserves Keep Brains Agile

Date : 11 December 2007

URL : http://www.nimh.nih.gov

Paraphrase : Like every other part of the body, the brain changes with age, and
those changes can affect the agility of the brain.

In-text citation:

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
Activity 6

Each entry of the reference list below contains TWO errors. Identify and correct those errors.

1. Allison, b. (2004). The student’s guide to preparing dissertations and theses (2nd
ed.). Routledge Falmer : London, England.

Correction:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. Azirah binti Hashim. (2005). How to write a thesis: The thesis writing journey from
start to finish. University of Malaya Press

Correction:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. Blum, C., Borglund, S., and Parcells, D. (2010). High-fidelity nursing simulation:
Impact on student self-confidence and clinical competence. International Journal of
Nursing Education Scholarship, 7(1), 1-14. doi: 10.2202?1548-923X.2035

Correction:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

4. Moll, L. C., Saez, R. & Dworin, J. (2001, November 14). Exploring biliteracy: Two
student case examples of writing as a social practice. The Elementary School
Journal, 101, 437-449.

Correction:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. Carol Jane Amato. (1998). The world’s easiest guide to using the APA (2nd ed.).
Stargazer Pub.

Correction:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Activity 7
Write the references in APA style from the information given below.

1. Title Aspects of the Theory of Syntax

Type Book
Author Noam Chomsky
Date of publication 1965
Page Not available
Publisher MIT Press
Website Not available
URL Not available
Answer:

9. Title Using English for Academic Purposes

Type Education Website
Author Andy Gillett
Date of publication May 6th, 2020
Date of access Nov 10th, 2021
Page Not available
Publisher Not available
Website University of Hertfordshire
URL http://www.uefap.com/
Answer:

18. Title Corpus, Concordance and Collocation

 Type Book
Author Professor John Sinclair
Date of publication 1991
Page Not available
Publisher Oxford University Press
Website Not available
URL Not available
Answer:

26. Title Learning Purpose and Language Use

Type Book
Author Henry George Widdowson
Date of publication 23.01.1983
Page Not available
Publisher Oxford University Press
Website Not available
URL Not available
Answer:

34. Title Microsoft Faces Defining Moment

Type Report
Author Jane Martinson
Date of publication 6 November 1999
Page Not available
Publisher Not available
Website Microsoft
URL https://www.microsoft.com/
Answer:

42. Title Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary

 Type Book
Author Not available
Date of publication 1987
Page Not available
Publisher HarperCollins
Website Not available
URL Not available
Answer:

50. Title Examining Disputes Over Ownership Rights to Frozen

Embryos
Type An article from the journal: Catholic University Law Review
Author Donna Seinbach
Date of publication November 6th, 1999
Page 18
Publisher Not available
Website Not available
URL Not available
Answer:

58. Title Interlanguage is Not a State of Mind

Type An article in the journal: Applied Linguistics (Volume 6)
Author E. Bialystock and M. Sharwood-Smith
Date of publication 1985
Page 101 - 117
Publisher Not available
Website Not available
URL Not available
Answer:

66. Title The Study of Language Acquisition

 Type An article from the book: New Horizons in Linguistics
Author Robin Campbell and Roger Wales
Date of publication May 6th, 2020
Page 242 - 260
Publisher Penguin
Website Not available
URL Not available
Answer:

74. Title What Do We Learn When We Learn a Language?

Type An article in journal: TESOL Quarterly (Volume 4)
Author Robert Cooper
Date of publication Not available
Page 303 – 314
Publisher Not available
Website Not available
URL Not available
Answer: