Seca 8 ope ee Ditterenbial \eqiation; A didfersrtiol enuctiol 'S on equakon which involves aif dren tia ( Cocdfievents ‘on arialivee , Exe weqpa be Denivak v2 | Ex n% d A ; : 7 —O a Se + 47-0 |p: oot 35 - 4 “dx > se ssHeey @ au avo anu Didterear a) 2 7 ar td ay Dijdenentih Equolion —ogw agin | Tanlidy ete sera THATS -2EF1 Did Jenenhial ve Denivelive / Didfenan tat aneldievent - a er? Result 255] ~~ Tt tdenkiyyfldt side anc J Gag) = wo 2 ep + (tes Kee) Pig ht side had same. ressu[t Ondinany didJensnbial equation: 4, counho, Invol win dsnivahves of One dependsal. Vaniable” with nespeet + Ong indepen dant “Oniable ig acliad an ondinanz LiHenenti t2hahion mr Py OV ins _ LA Scanned with CamScannerPairdiel didfenential” 2 weton | More—then_o® An. anuation \avolvia diniva ves of ome | depenatn} vaniabls faith reg poet de mons r Hlan ome independant venioblt is called On pontiat diddenenbal equatea- Onde of @ didjenenbial o uation! The ondin of highest derivale2 apreone ima diddenenHal equation is called is Onder. 7H rie rue. This je thined osdest ‘onden ondinasyy dittemen tal eque lien. 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Solve Lis ae Equotton 7 x a Telegrahicg tits, w# gets 1 Ore! toh. @ 1S an on bileny eons tan The genera ( solation foi Y= Gh -es mar od’. Ortden UNMEO ood cont bon | —asrsr ter | ‘ Aiesewve, » £2) 4 coby Hor given 7 “ ay thers A2Vo. so(™s given thal, a ay 4 doty =o: — Q dx 2 ady + @oly dks O° ap nee weet ee Scanned with CamScanneroe ey arte vena. ~ aoky 3 “ hoo 0 ATUL C4 | M2 Or | a Ldaky Jy ae reer inert x* 77 in Tegnest | tal and da ggreeg dis we gol thant, cisan de Ina soy sea yt lag 0. oli ene iy =1 Inla seay)- Gag & “7 9 Sbey te o “PJ rA-e aosy whion vig tha generat salutia | Jv eke dy ese lay Yo Tage ap dacle ay hk a ao bw le | nit Fok. tes du wee chats “28 I) Se Teter ERO EST we TQ Pe Tne whnts, 7 Ay Y 2 4 7 om (1) VR. = 4208 "%y , =v t 7 N27 vy zy Fe Poem @) woe gah, NS2 Qe$y uhteh is “dh pon ties lant Sole div, 30 Scanned with CamScanner= - i : #19 20 trgosrint Sole lien. Ta 1. * Th Pane lan So lw Hon a9 . “ye A De “y : equation ushieh aay be writen -GS. 4 5 FO) dr 4 GlIUdy =o is called a ‘ o vaniab Le. Sepenabte -onm-: \} & ~—— | .F* 6-ey” : > | | = a aad a { Gonsidin Uk ne. 3 d : ! =" =F (er 4+4y 40) —O peak tbe Rain w ~paty ty . au > ay Sth - . Ht y 4 i qe tt a) = Fam OO wa get : +L sh Ha) at ew) =7 SFr: “s iidh ; 4 4 whee lysis; bea warded ty. “7 des astygly) : ‘ pice Sepenghe rom : Scanned with CamScanner| 7 ‘ os ”o. Aaa! Yor? = 14x47 tye. yur dy tas (ee: We py i solution of bee ay tan Gy- jet Oo Fan Bee » . au Pul 7o*= My = Goo “ex x a = dy 2 At de —~® ay Frnom © we gek 14 24 -stenvel Scanned with CamScannerdv adonv 7 ushiech ic in vaniable separable -dnom ® Y2 @ (Acosx + BSina) ay = ef (A cosa i B sin) +e CA Sinx+ Beary de TH+ eC asinay dos a) ne a apes oy + f Casinos Beosx)- 2 (Bees So aw . . (4% +B Sina) = & + TOO -y > 44 ar 7 , : << + a 77 ey a de LE =O. aw 2 a a \an Scanned with CamScannerA pe of he Jonm qeid 4 be ee es ae 8 gy & homogeneous DE J Jey) a) sen | ons oth homagencou 5 ducboos ; i degnes 2 Jy) te? _ | Oey Mya andy) =o . | agua Hon - ond dkanes homo encou 5, ah | aie aN “ey Epa + Se ene |: homagencous June tion homeg-€ rhOD Soni ¥ n-Hal bub not homegene ove diffene I nes wth equation 2 aoe dain deg not same. ae { Beapn: given thal ed and Solve Jie De’ Gere dorm vw, CI le Juz af This is aes ‘on in ins] @) eee PToTev,) lo] n Scanned with CamScannerMone -Sos BRT ok NOH fx 7 To? 29a | > vty oe _ ava 2U4) > oh du - 2 ou dy 7 Sau 2+) . ww _ eGov oul = 24 n 2u+ 1: 7 > ae oe = te at “SY 2u-+t => ge ausry ae = ru ve tu Which is @ DE of vaniable Sepanable anOM. veg tiny his, use g f. In ae Im (WAU) 4 ine Where 2 1S ay on dtd ain aons fan, Sy ashe ? =r ss Cary « Scanned with CamScanner(& * nye = yar 7@, ushieh is AM 4 a ’ en anal solu Hen, , J 4 / Theonem 1 The Inangdonmation oye vx nidwaes a hamagencous DE in bo, S#penable donm. Proef: A homageneous D “24 A) — © the Y = de day +h | du aya & = Vo “em : = wry —_— arts wus rd i dhs regs > 7 E Gan be usrtitlen 4% yt my - vad = + a) _ 3 CAF bil Aga) 4 | é dy =4 VA) ay whieh is a NE o} vont ab Le Sepa nab conn) Hones dhs ctnaws tonne tion yrve meduey iwhe—a Mergersee P DE inty « DE *o/ vanioby sepenahte Jonm } Scanned with CamScannerme lak (yt ~p) dr +7" > = Oo. + a dy = (7) du 7 = EX) —O© This is tins onden and dg he DE. Put, aa ay 2% 2 war’ dt 7 oO dh trom (CO) we get. Ac i vay dv =(o yy an Se ) Daw du Scanned with CamScannerQDuiste Manze jabtt seponoblr . . De of von Pr c ushiek iS & foum. ; jis We gi Inhignety 3 Nw. |Inn a ——-v€ -9- v -t et ea a Sint les Bo A Senet Scanned with CamScannerEA. dy _ 7 - 2 (ax!) . © an ea < this ig a Ghnita linean DE tr - gd hd do ; ) 2 ~) = a@ fy Qa) o a 2 Neeny) ~ eo z Pour, renal HI Oy intgyneliey . aor 2. oye oe _ < on) . or) esl aria: et @ aad od = (fru Aa al), y poy Scanned with CamScanner__Buiadle Wher a ane! interaet 4 “ge > fr db ae ate a ’ 3S dy ec | “ ’ v “ C idence 18 6 af Gan ti nery G eenstaa | ne as ye t = 7 Boo (a) Scanned with CamScannerUneat Junetion / [GEHL Gove A DE hawias ne pnoduats of di pen dant rerio. smf/and its uhwivatve 99% no Iyangerndental June tion of épentt variobG is ealud 4 i Olansise Gl fs ‘ies eager ara rec Urean eau4 Z j Cdeniwebive ge erltre ‘din ued fee FY odependenl as anew dependen) eu Aree aye. 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Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannertT Phove that dhe dnansdonmation y ley 2 J torte dunes a nor Uae ary DE SY Benno llry type ink 3 Unio DE Proof The men Ws types is, Unee DE cf Berne f au pine Scanned with CamScannerHeneo the rans denmation —) ‘ Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner1 ! An cxao-l diddenen diel equation is Sonmed ? dinee Al, dienes hin ting ids point Hi-e without aay ole proass%. : CG : 55-0619 Exod Didfrential Bquetion: A ditlenential equation mCayart NOM =° is said 4o be eraet iJ am. BY ay es C Fanta deniva live Doda “er sate -erel Ne Tate ap "eo -arergy “eve yy er PTQOr -Qaa- -asrys: - Cerr ee DUS MEM hnivadive mars 2¢r) cr Scanned with CamScannerAas : — TE Exomin uwhadlen le DE [exert ty at ap OY (ote oy)! + JT cLlvey wo dyze i 1g exact on not an sol: given that, 4 a OC PO (er rages ay RET OT os 4 Hens, Mrs SRE ANZ, ens oe re Oy HBT — a7 equal dss | 7 aigsan 1 ney Kia 9 Jeetaner pt sooyr 25 Vo ys =p P+ wr - - 7 “Casa Scanned with CamScannerMET? gy, TFs " Ly June bien of only ai YAinlionaling Taeton (DF) is-o acetion yy whioh oul tiply inj a vion- exeot DE is surmad inke an cexacd be. Ch Solve nlogr —% d pay de = o-@) _Caneg ey), OE kk Sok: M zy we N 27 Cogn “Ey My = 2, ~y = 2UFGEIYET “ a> wren *y ae ary Wow an bw roy 2 Th Scanned with CamScanner4 aa , . n | Py smallinlying the given dePenca bial PO by 4 woo aes xeot and NON-ecxaal- mer Exo bf Fedrpeadent 3 Depends an % een . Ra Funanon —a- invense 2a 24 Scanned with CamScannerEE Bia aristanen. and unique nes S dheoner Blotmen) i y in dho initial wa lo pnoble aa =f @y) go af —o . at ans. dined al 49, %) Flay) sane a7 E fy ‘bed . Hon the intha€ velue probam Uriqua solu Lion- Tri let valur. pan Tear mar wrt Foi ial value Llem 3 * Ow valu “21Q- | problem . | Paundany velur prickfin, 6% Teer volun man Rea cr TRACT Boundony we lie Probium. Y (0) =, 7 CQ) =.-2. \ ah Mdrt+ndy 20, , yay. ty -9%si I)tlo | wey TOTS bay yt Hens, Jag) a3 siny x SIuy ad % “ay - 7% Cosy We see that Jauy) ard a2 ane both dined at Clre)+ Hance fe given Rualion has aq Unigur solatyon . Scanned with CamScannercf ae ore | Oo ~ 2 aN, aro. [YinditsJs : . < ——OQ ] Hene . at%5 ai Sty) ng 2g vend vy | fabs, » belh delinad and @® has umniqes Se ts edagined bak 24 is undvined and hance @ |. 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(A cas Bs95- 8 ) The pan Heelan Aoteg ral is. Scanned with CamScanner(944) (Fina) (aecs2s 41% sina ) Solatton '% Hanes the qe neal 4,49 J Ye a 8, oo Ve (Aces Se in =) — Ying (reosar + BstY. Scanned with CamScannernese he Fo) 7 dee) Ao g av A PS Jauple | | sin ah" ak HW 47 =? are 9 4 ay 4 27 7 ale “ee! Te es Feo a ™m 2 —Lb-1,7! i “Se = (ert Gyn ayn”) & | Tp - oy a> Dany 40-4) ~ ab 6 ths final solution is J z7%e+7p- Scanned with CamScannerpeiyae eu, Wi D> Page 149° EX 4% ie Ae Page — 69 = YP ES 9 page — y2—-3 SH greet , 22 iS @® 4 yt yyy zee yopso, 7 (2%) eagie % 43 — gn ze =(2p—-—' 79 | ery, 27 2” 2 “pus, y= (Creep) 22~ —© yA)s0 ) O=(e +282) 2 y tren? —¢ enentiats p we gel didn 3 a ey) a7 7’ on Oy Yo, Ut 2). 1 sae + yp (ert tia) & . 4g > tas ) Bul, yt) =—2 9 puting 42 e2)8 ~o gnom@) ir @ a + =e2e 7 a2 = e* putting he value of eg 19 @) C1 4\2 Ho )e=.8 “> "tj 2 Scanned with CamScannerif putting dhe value of 1 In @® - a D-Go+9 -14 —i— Fe Lb GH lUtD Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerKone watth aonsdand- { Lesor ‘DifJrereltal Equee Coefjicicnts 3 SL Linear dilfmeertiol Fguetion: A didJenential equotion of the Jon ty | aly, any “a Pet c% ai . sto as + *o are” ln . al x ord dena tion af ~ on | " Greet didJoren tia! equation | eg and X | Aad iho Rete Py ome ol tonslents 8 d we Fete yg dlen We aquotion is some Jonetion o i me “Eneon ditdaen ar i J Where Pi Pa- + Pa conclaxis, is cell L quatien is a a que aradd ior mem: SS yt yee 72g FE | independent solutions of ares Uneenly (Ware, Pt page at VYEO TO Pen y= Oye, + Ag Yat Cnn is dhe genenal ie On compete solution of the didf enendra( equals f athens lps a, ores 9 ontbilnany cons funds - lebius denoled he giver. € ua Hen oy Scanned with CamScannern- 2 . ery a8 utkew (0) = pra, D+ Gg D> + +4 Fim YEW Yat YE sola of The equation, a . “A wy 20) JOD x2 ey CD) Yn* oO Men pe thing PP, 3. Py ee) yin ® hava. Wwe. Cay ey Cn Ya) 4.9, 07! (0, yen 75* 4 fn) He. te a, Cia, Yor teniTala 7 (Dy La, Bry, + On) + (D%t AD yg rane Oa (Bynr90 4# os + an)=0 | We ad (ny, + Syd (DI ¥y+ 1 On F0On=0 => io + on-0-4- -4+ @,.070 by @) s selisJiod by a 04+ Yor ad is sole-lion of ®.- Ase | it Qeolains Sines oi Cay since enbidnan donstan Ys dhe Proenal on domple 26. sola tion pe of the aguation. > : al Scanned with CamScannerMethod of Undetormineo! Aoedfieieal s0(?+ u ) ae Yo+ 47 + O72 4247 —o The aunt Gony equation 1s oo. 4m+q0>0 msl +45 YlG-3e 2 — 94. Fae = 2 ALS bony un a-dion is ‘h. Tht Qompls men pees 13") Yor 6 ( A sint4? . ( Ths parcteu bart ial egne ~ Ro + A> + Ao 1s Yp = yp = Ay + 2 Age 1'> = DAd trom @ use gel 2A + (Aat2AQ™) 49 (Pot An rasrd| ‘>> anv Scanned with CamScannerRaieeer s : aidt Lol d. piljenential ‘equation « “ee CT er Ae 0" 2 is an een wechiah = acd fiaian+s on “desu Hived~ os Ondlinarry dilJorential gue ont Ae ci inveling denivatives: 27 On& dspen ant vari with Gaepeet 4a one inde eo dint varuahla idfenentiat equation is called an enrdlimary suakon we Forp-Hial chffenential squaction : Ae 4 ) invelving ghriva wes of ane Seti vaxiaLl ord recepeal 40 mare. ther One. ‘ale pen aon varia bh ta all pential alidfercotial equation: q. Equation 1 A sfodemeat, He Ls , ' é 1 : , : wo lses sf swe momma tae 22.9 2 S310rF ant equal. ‘ . | x. Tented malhemobiae’ an ioheti | is on 2 faa bi dy Hot mts trun regards od He la’ ahoson aon. ots _vosaob GS og, General Sotution! The “anihors containiy mn anhitnen constants “whith - saficfies ip wits te guation of oth an ondena Scanned with CamScannerly Hon. onder is aa lad ibe goreral aE Dileren Leal Equio tion Ps variakG SIpona 2 A rm PDE of dle dean JO) d+ FDdy 70 Fs Y = ob t x \ aalud 22 DS. ef yrw2b serepali, For || ‘ ) i Hemeqonoaue Didferronbial Bonadion + A pt of th fam cowiar+2huy ba a homageneous j 1 f Cry) bot, some chy ex is said’ +o 2gueliar if Abit) od Jo nation s og shomg yee ie 4 kibite Lineonr Drddarenhiel Fnewnt 5 . » ~ dy bs oO ‘ape of dls Jour Sat poy 280 is oalted a heibyv-la lincert DE* . Gneowt Diddenondial Epeatin’| [ne tng he pees oa “aniabde on, / ant | yn dat fanotion of depe & : 1% tneesy ona! MOP ve transeunasnT* Scanned with CamScannerCnoari) DiBsc ang vaniaba is oaled ia Hanns ce ib je ele ™P- mR ye Non - ie Dibferoodial apo of Pres A DE oj f ths aAnm * PQ > Qwoyny a is. ac lleel anon Cveavrt ‘de Jfenentiat x _ uation of Bennou Les - ty Pee bE Exaat DilJenential Foca tion t NE A» exagt addon artial equekion is | Jon med by reslly dedJenen bia tg hou-t or otlast: p70 PTE Primi tive wi A PE eae OGY) dys ‘Ss Zoro dt Le aed id Son ay =: © My Ny ey ax: = Ses - lI Scanned with CamScanner4 — : at "Pe ) e INE ding eaten CPF] 4 a. se IAP A mul per tog Shen “= bs Kio : into or enae-) DE a dont B00 Dnt ar aot pe 33 7 Basie Driedanes and voiguenes Haonans eqle-dd =-Ke tee, Shane © is a constemt. & e-qorcee*t ----.0 who {20,9280 «c= 40 Lae, 82 (or ee 2028 pede 1 OD 6-40= goo (HUR)E when b=40, OF go-+ qoe tht? = 40% go eat) = 40 F4O%Y = 50°C 2. df he kempexshwu sf tee aris a0 cud the subsstaner cecls from (WC fy Fore in IT Maabes, find ashame the Lemprabne evil lan yore Pood Bor 5 res 5. Hae olny maictsined ak 20¢ ond Hee tempoathuna of da ody cas from. G0°C te Gore im 12 minutes, find the empower Gf ana body offer 24 winakes. As:4eo # According to Newton's law & cooking , Ane take al which a substance cools moving. air is popost fo the affermner between the. tompernturr oF he eunosteme amd thot of he air. ; fh 6b te tempurafuce F to se uconding | od 6 thot the. lod ak an fine t, hem =-K(6- 5 thee. KO compbornt! z Scanned with CamScanner3. 607: 6-20°= cet _O ution E=9 6= 80) thon 0 50° vow te tty B= 60) Ru sgh = SPE 3 ee Its > eS, = 12K > ke ts ae 9 > p-% = 50 e7 12°47 *E when b=24 tus. a b= d04 508 what —abeg 5/5 a4 +50 ett” = 30+ 902 304 8 ae = 40 A. a Scanned with CamScannerCauchy-Euler differential equation: An equation of the form (a,x"D" +a,x™"D™" + a, )y = Fle), Where €5 ty are cons is called a Cauchy-Euler differential equation. Problem: Find the general solution of the differential equations: F. Ayres (108-1 10) 1. (2D? =2xD+2)): 2. (PD? +xD+4)y=2vInx 3. (2D? +xD+1)y = 4sin(tn: Procedure: Put x= (2) ibe x de, xDy=dy, PD'y=A(A=I)y, PD*y = A(A—-1X4-2)y and so on. Sotution-1: Given that, (ep? -2xD+2) ‘This is a Cauchy-Euler equation, ex d de Diy = a(a-l)y From (i), {A(d-1)- 24+ 2}y ‘The complementary function is y, = ee" +e,e* Scanned with CamScannerwhere ¢, and cy are arbitrary constants Hence the general solution is Solution-2: Given that, Hence the general solution is 2) =e codains) +e, sin(2ins) +2 (In 2) yaojcos2se,sin2e Ze ary constants where ¢, and ¢) arear Scanned with CamScannerx=c-[2p+2log(p-1).. (iii) (ii) and (iii) together represent the solution of (i). Solve: y= 2px+ py... Put (ii) in (i), we get Y= dexte? 1.4 Clairaut’s Equation: The differential equation of the form Y= PRS (p) corrceeneeeni) is called Clairaut’s equation. To show that y=er+ f(c). Diff. (i) w. r. to x, we get b+s@2-0 ii) is its primitive. => p=c in (i), we get (ii). Solve: y= pr+ pp’. fi) The differential equation is of the Clairaut’s form. Then the primitive is yeexto-c* Solve: (y- px) =1+p? Can be written as y= prtyi+p?... 0) ii) The differential equation is of the Clairaut’s form. Then the primitive is yeoartylt+c? Scanned with CamScannerMethod of undetermined cocfficies S.NT Function Particular integral we ahah Ayn? ta” At Axe As (4+ Ast ae +A (4+ Axe As )sin3x+(B,+ Bx + Byx? )eos3x e*(Asin3x+ Bcosx) Bx‘e cosdx | [4 + Ax+ Aya’) sindx +(B, + Bx + Bye )eos4r] 10. | sin(ax +6) Asin(ax +6)+ Beos(ax +b) Ue | cos(ax +4) Asin(ax +b)+ Beos(ax +b) Problem: Solve the following differential equations by the method of undetermined coefficient: 1 4 4y'49y=3x4272, y+ dy ade 3, y'+4y'+4y =6sin3x Solution-1: Given that, + 4y' + 9y =3x4x? The complementary function is y= 6 (Asin 5x4 Beosvx) ‘The particular integral is Vp = Apt Art Ax? Eq. (i) implies, DAyx* + (04, +84,)x + (04, +44, +24)=3x43? Equating the like terms from both sides, we get , Scanned with CamScanner