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CHM421 Exp5

This experiment aimed to standardize an EDTA solution and analyze the hardness of six different water samples through EDTA titration. The water samples first underwent distillation to purify them. The EDTA solution was then standardized to a concentration of 0.0045M. Titration of the water samples found that lab distilled water had the highest hardness at 41.4 ppm, while distilled tap water had the lowest at 3.6 ppm. The other water samples analyzed were found to have hardness levels between 36-39.6 ppm.

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Anis Nasuha
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27 views

CHM421 Exp5

This experiment aimed to standardize an EDTA solution and analyze the hardness of six different water samples through EDTA titration. The water samples first underwent distillation to purify them. The EDTA solution was then standardized to a concentration of 0.0045M. Titration of the water samples found that lab distilled water had the highest hardness at 41.4 ppm, while distilled tap water had the lowest at 3.6 ppm. The other water samples analyzed were found to have hardness levels between 36-39.6 ppm.

Uploaded by

Anis Nasuha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ABSTRACT

This experiment aims to standardise the EDTA solution, distil the water samples, and analyse the
hardness of the water samples by EDTA titration. Due to the fact that water evaporates when heated and
leaves behind its ions, distillation can also be employed to soften water. Sodium carbonate, sometimes
known as washing soda, or running the water through an ion-exchange column can both be used to soften
hard water. In this study, six different water samples were used. According to the water hardness study
from the trial, lab distilled water had the highest hardness of all the water samples, with 41.4 ppm. The
water sample with the lowest hardness was distilled home tap water, 3.6 ppm. The hardness of the lab
tap water was 39.6 ppm, the same as that of 0.1M NaCl. It was discovered that the amounts of 36.0 ppm
in household tap water and 37.28 ppm in deionized water were, respectively, 36.0 ppm and 37.28 ppm.

INTRODUCTION

Water that has undergone distillation is clean, pure, and impurity-free. The water sample
underwent distillation after being heated to produce steam. Hard water forms when ions like calcium and
magnesium are present in the water samples. Although other metals can also contribute to hardness, the
ions calcium (Ca+2) and magnesium (Mg+2) are the main culprits. The amount of calcium and magnesium
that has accumulated in water was determined in this experiment by titrating with a normal
ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) solution. Hardness is typically represented in ppm units rather
than molarity due to the low concentration value of these ions (complexometric titration).

OBJECTIVE

The main point of this experiment is, to purify water sample by distillation to be use for the next
experiment. Then, to standardize the EDTA solution to get the concentration for be using at part C. Lastly,
to analyse hardness of water samples that had be collected to titration with EDTA.

PROCEDURE

A. Distillation of the Home Tap Water.


1. Set up the distillation apparatus.
2. Filled the round bottom flask with home tap water.
3. Then start the distillation.
4. Temperature of first drop of distilled water was recorded.
5. Leave the distillation process until the end.
6. Last drop distillation of temperature was recorded.

B. Standardization of the EDTA Solution.


1. Filled the EDTA solution into the burette.
2. Pipette 25.0mL Ca2+ solution into 4 conical flasks.
3. Added 8mL of pH10 ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer and 15mL distilled water into each
conical flasks.
4. Dropped 3 drops of Eriochrome Black T indicator into conical flask.
5. Lastly, start the titration until the colour change from pink colour to purple colour and lastly
to sky blue colour.
6. Burette reading was recorded.
7. Repeat the step 5 and 6 until the sample finish.

C. Hardness of Water
1. Filled the burette with EDTA solution.
2. Pipette 25mL of water sample into 3 conical flasks.
3. Added 8mL of pH10 ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer into each conical flasks.
4. Dropped 3 drops of Eriochrome Black T indicator into the conical flask.
5. Then, start the titration by release drop by drop until the colour change from pink colour to
purple colour and lastly sky blue colour.
6. The burette reading was recorded.
7. Repeat the step with another water samples.

RESULT

Additional attachments at the last page.

CALCULATION

Additional attachment.

DISCUSSION

The water sample in this experiment was first purified by distillation using household tap water.
Distillation served the purpose of removing contaminants from the water, including minerals, magnesium,
and calcium. For the purpose of standardising the EDTA solution, the standard Ca2+ had a 0.007M
concentration and a 25.0 mL volume. 38.8 mL of EDTA solution on average were used. The calculated
EDTA concentration was 0.0045 M. The water sample was titrated with the same concentration of EDTA
solution to determine the hardness of the water. In this titration, six water samples—lab tap water, lab
distilled water, home tap water, distilled home tap water, deionized water, and 0.1 M NaCl are employed.
Eriochrome black T indicator and ammonia ammonium chloride buffer were added to the water sample.
The water sample will become red after the buffer and indicator are added, indicating that all of the
calcium and magnesium have been used up.

All six samples from the experiment had various amounts of the common EDTA titrant. According
to calculations, lab distilled water had the highest hardness, 41.4 ppm, which is considered medium hard.
The remaining samples of water were all classified as soft water, with ppm levels ranging from 0 to 60
ppm. The hardness of lab tap water and 0.1M NaCl is 39.6 ppm. 3.6 ppm of distilled household tap water
had the lowest hardness. Deionized water, which has the maximum hardness of all the water samples in
the experiment, includes more Ca2+ ions. A few safety measures can be used in this experiment. To start,
ensure that all equipment was clean and clear of contaminants before usage to avoid contamination.
Next, before to getting the initial reading, remove any bubble from the burette nozzle. The meniscus
should always be read for any other readings.
CONCLUSION

Finally, all three of the aforementioned goals were accomplished. EDTA solution had an average
concentration of 0.0045 M. Lab distilled water had the highest hardness of all the water samples when
the hardness of the sample was analysed, coming in at 41.4 ppm. The water sample had a minimum
hardness of 3.6 ppm, which is equivalent to distilled tap water. The hardness of the tap water used in the
laboratory was the same as 0.1M NaCl, or 39.6 ppm. Home tap water and deionized water had respective
concentrations of 36.0 ppm and 137.28 ppm.
Reference

1. distillation and hardness of water - Google Zoeken. (n.d.).

https://www.google.com/search?q=distillation+and+hardness+of+water

2. distillation - Google Zoeken. (n.d.). https://www.google.com/search?q=distillation+

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