ELECTROTHERAPY z' ‘Course Description, In this course th brea ; Indication. and the i eal Principles, ‘Techniques, Effects, Indication, Contra the restoration of physical Qarameter for various indications of electro therapeutic modalities in pomrtatien Gar. ‘The objective of this course is that after 240hrs. of lectures, Wdlessera, deuseer of peels the student will be able to list the indications, contra oo rapy mi " deseibe their effects on vious condone, tS onnrns Se dierent tehalanes end Sun Sees :ELECTROTHERAPY 13-24 Months 40) Practi 190 Hrs ractical £150 Hrs Total Hours / Week :8 Hrs pocue +2 Hours / Week Practicals 5 Hours / Week Seminars / Tutorials 11 Hour / Week Method of Assessment : Written, Oral, Practical \ ‘Theory Section I - Introductory Physics. 1. Electricity definition, types [1 Hour} _ 2. Static electricity [2 Hour] a. Production of electrical charges. b. Characteristics of charged body. c. Characteristics of lines of forces. d, Potential difference and EMG. v7 3. Current Electricity [5 Hour] Units of Electricity, faraday, volt, ampere, coulomb, watt. .. Resistance in series and parallel. ‘Ohms law and its application to DC/AC. management, earthing techniques: Fi Shock: Miero/ Macro shocks, safety precaution andCondensors: definition, principles, types construction, working and uses, Magnetism: Definition, properties, electro-magnetic induction, eleete . . ion, eleetro- i im. Nour} Magnetic spectrum. [1 5. Valves, transformers, types, principles, constuction and working [1 our} 6, Tonization: Principles, effects of various technique of medical ionization. {1 Hour Section II ~ Therapeutic Electricity Section II A - Low frequency Currents |. Bas types of current {1 Hour] 8, Direct Current: types, physiological &therapeutic effects b. Alternating Current 2. Types of Current used in Therapeutics (1 Hour] Modified D.C © Faradic Current © Galvanic Current Modified A.C ‘© Sinusoidal Current ‘© Diadynamic Current Faradic Current: Definition, Modifications, Techniques of Application of Individual, Muscle and Group Muscle stimulation, Physiological & Therapeutic effects of Faradic Current, Precautions, Indications & Contra-Indications, Dangers. [2 Hours} 4. Galvanic Current: Definition, Modifications, Physiological & Therapeutic effects of Galvanic Current, Indications & Contra-Indications, Dangers, Effect of interrupted galvanic current on normally innervated and denervated muscles and partially denervated muscles. [2 Hours} $. Sinusoidal Current & Diadynamic Current in Brief, [1 Hour] 6. HVPGS — Parameters & its uses [! Hour] 7. Ionization / lontophoresis : Techniques of Application of lontophoresis, Indications, Selection ‘of Current, Commonly used lons (Drugs) for pain, hyperhydrosis, would healing. [1 Hour] 8. Cathodal / Anodal galvanism. [1 Hour] 9, Micro Current & Macro Current [1 Hout] 10, Types of Electrical Stimulators [1 Hour] ‘© NMES- Construction component. ‘¢ Neuro muscular diagnostic stimulator- construction component, 62© Components and woeking Principles 11. Principles of Application. Hlectrode tisswe interface, Tivsu Se & Placement of Electrode — Waterbath. Unipolar, Bi-pe flow in tissues, Lowering of Skin Resistance. (2 Hours] Impedance, Types of Electrode slat, Electrode coupling. Current 12. Nene Muscle Physiology: Action Potential, Resting membrane potential, Propagation of Action Potential, Motor unit, synapse, Accommodation, Stimulation of Healthy, Muscle ‘Stimulation of Denervated Muscle, Stimulation for Tissue Repair. [2 Hours} : 13. TENS: Define TENS, Types of TENS, Conventional TENS, Acupuncture TENS, Burst TENS, Brief & Intense TENS, Modulated TENS. Types of Electrodes & Placement of Ulectrodes Dosage parameters, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindications. (3 Hours} 14, Pain: Define Pain, Theories of Pain (Outline only), Pain Gate Control theory in detail. {2 Hours} Section Il B - Electro-diagnosis 1. FGTest SD Curve: Methods of Plotting SD Curve, Apparatus selection, Characters of Normally innervated Muscle. Characters of Partially Denervated Muscle, Characters of Completely denervated Muscle, Chronaxie & Rheobase. [2 Hours] 3. Nerve conduction velocity studies [1 Hour] 4. EMG: Construction of EMG equipment Hour) 5. Bio-feed back [1 Hour] Section II C - Medium Frequency 1. Interferential Therapy: Define IFT, Principle of Production of IFT, Static Interference System, Dynamic Interference system, Dosage Parameters for IFT, Electrode placement in IFT. Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindications. [2 Hour] 2. Russian Current 3. Rebox type Current [1 Hour] Section II] - Thermo & Actinotherapy (High Frequency Currents) 1. Electro Magnetic Spectrum, [1 {our] 632 SWD: Detine short wave, Fre ey squeney SWD, Circuit dlagtam & Production at BW ha hearer treatment, Types of SWD Teatro rinciple of Production of mi WL), Methods of Heat Production by SWD + Macement & Spacing of Hleetrodes, Tuning, Testing of SWD Apparatus, Physiol ~ Physiotogical & Thera paar iy, aes at tapeutic effects, Indications. & Contraindications Pulsed Electro Magnetic Energy: Pri PEME. [L Hour vanetic Fnergy: Principles, Production & Parameters of PEME, Uses of 4. Wet vave er fi Micro Wave Diathermy: Define Microwave, Wave length & Frequency, Production of MW. Applicators, Dosage Param ; re, | neters, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindications, Dangers of MWD, [2 Hours) La ee 5. Uluasounds Define Ultrasound, Frequeney, Piezo Electric effets: Dies Reverse, Production of US, Treatment Dosage parameters: Continous & Pulsed mode, Intensity, US Fields: Near field, Far ficld, Half value distance, Attenuation, Coupling Media, Thermal effects. Nom, thermal effects, Principles & Application of US: Direct contact, Water bag. Water bath, Solid sterile gel pack method for wound, Uses of US, Indications & Contraindications. Dangers of Ultrasound. Phonophoresis: Define Phonophoresis, Methods of application, Commonly used drugs, Uses. Dosages of US. [8 Hours} 6. IRR: Define IRR.wavelengih & parameters, Types of IR generators, Production of IR, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Duration & frequency of treatment, Indication & Contraindication. [2 Hours] 7. UVR: Define UVR, Types of UVR, UVR generators: High pressure mercury vapour lamp, ‘Water cooled mercury vapour lamp, Kromayer lamp, Fluorescent tube, Theraktin tunnel, PUVA apparatus. Physiological & Therapeutic effects. Sensitizers & Filters. Test dosage faleiletion, Celoblation of El, E2, £3, E4 doses. Indications, contraindications. Dangers. Dosages for different therapeutic effects, Distance in UVR lamp (8 Hours] 8. LASER: Define LASER. Types of LASER. Principles of Production. Production of LASER. by various methods. Methods of application of LASER: Dosage of LASER. Physiological & Therapeutic effects of LASER. Safety precautions of LASER. Classifications of LASER. Energy density & power density (8 Hours] Section IV — Superficial heating Modalities |, Wax Therapy: Principle of Wax Therapy application ~ latent Heat, Composition of Wax Bath Therapy unit, Methods of application of Wax, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindication, Dangers. [2 Hours] 2, Contrast Bath: Methods of application, Therapeutic uses, Indications & Contraindieations Hour] 3. Moist Heat Therapy: Hydro collator packs ~ in brief, Methods of applications, Therapeutic uses, Indications & Contraindications {1 Hour] 4. Cyclotherm: Principles of production, Therapeutic uses, Indications & Contraindications. uwv as sioksonerspy: Conmarvcdo Medd of spricsllaaiaamas i y es, fn A Piertraindications. [| Hour] va Pool Bath: Consiaction, Method of Applicaton, Therapeutic (ses, Indatms w 6 traindications. [1 Hour] 7, Magnetic Stimulation Principles, Therapeutic uses, Indications & contraindication. {1 Hour] 8. Cryotherapy: Define: Cryotherapy. pl fusion. Physi Trshods of application with dosages. [4 Hours] Practical to demonstrate the use of electrotherapy modalities crapy must be able choice of dosage parameters and ‘rotherapy with proper techniques, he student of Eleetroth applying the principles of el safety precautions 1. Demonstrate the technique for patient evaluation — receiving the patient and positioning the patient for treatment using electrotherapy. Pivleetion of materials required for treatment using electrotherapy modalities and testing of the apparatu Demonstrate placement of electrodes for vari Electrical stimulation for the muscles supplies Paradism under Pressure for UL and LL Plotting of SD curve with chronaxie and rheobase Demonstrate FG test Application of Ultrasou jous electrotherapy modalities .d by the peripheral nerves and for diferent regions-various methods of application Demonstrate treatment techniques using SWD. IRR and Microwave diathermy 10. Demonstrate the technique of UIVR exposure for various conditions — calculation of test dose TL, Demonstrate treatment method using IFT for various regions 12. Calculation of dosage and technique of application of LASER 13 Technique of treatment and application of Hydrocollator packs, cryotherapy. wax therapy 14, Demonstrate th 15. Winding up procedure after any elect Cerne contrast bath, .¢ treatment method using whirl pool bath rotherapy treatment method Recommended Textbooks Claytons Electrotherapy by Forster & Plastangs Electrotherapy Explained by Low & Reed Clinical Electrotherapy by Nelson Electrotherapy Evidene based practice by Sheila Kitchen Physical agents by Michile Cameroon Principles of Elecirotherapy by Michile Camreeon Thermal agents by Susan Michlovitz. IAA WN { RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS 65NN < ’ 4+ Pharmaccsoy by Murugesh | purmacolgy & Pharmacatherapeutic by Saou Course Description {In this course, the students will learn the principles and effects of exerci modality and will ean the techniques in the restoration of physical fnew # teropi Subject Title EXERCISE THERAPY Duration £13~24 Monthy Total Hours: 1240 Theory 20 Nes Practical 150 Hrs Total Hours / Week 28 Mrs Lecture 12 Hours / Week Practcals +5 Hours / Week Seminars / Tutorials +1 Hour / Week Method of Assessment : Written, Oral, Practical Theory 1. Introduction to Exercise Therapy [3 Hours] The aims of Exercise Therapy, The techniques of Exercise Therapy, Approach to patient's problems, Assessment of patient's condition ~ Measurements of Vital parameters, Starting Positions ~ Fundamental positions & derived Positions, Planning of Treatment 2. Methods of Testing [15 Hours} ) Functional tests b) Measurement of Joint range: ROM-Definition, Normal ROM for all peripheral joints & spine, Goniometer-parts, types, principles, uses., Limitations of goniometry, Techniques. for measurement of ROM for all peripheral joints ¢) Tests for neuromuscular efficiency * Electrical tests * Manual Muscle Testing: Introduction to MMT, Principles & Aims, Indications & Limitations, ‘Techniques of MMT for group & individual muscles : Techniques of MMT for upper limb / Techniques of MMT for lower limb / Techniques of MMT for spine 56) Pulmonary Function tests g) Measurement of Limb Length: tre limb length. apparent limb length, soementa limit kength hy Measurement of the angle of Pehic Inclination Relaxation [4 Hours) Definitions: Muscle Tone. Postural wane, Volumury Movonon, Degrees of relation Pathological tension in muscle. Stress mechanics pes of arewes. EARS of TES om Be hee mechanism. Indications of relaxation, Methods & techniques of relauamomPrmogies & ess General, Local, Jacobson’s, Michel's. additional methods 4. Passive Movements [ 4 Hours} Causes of immobility, Classification of Passive movements. Specie definitions related 1 passe movements, Principles of giving passive movements Indications comaindications, ets of uses . Techniques of giving passive movements. 5. Active Movements [ 6 hours] Definition of strength, power & work, endurance, muscle actions. Physiology of muscle performance: structure of skeletal muscie chemical & mechanical evens during contraction relaxation, muscle fier type. motor wnit. force adsion. Causes of decreased muscle performance Physiologic adaptation to training: Strength & Power, Endurance. ‘Types of active movements. Free exercise: Classification, principles, techniques. indications, commaindications. effects and uses Active Assisted Exercise: principles, techniques, indications, contningicatons. effects and as. Asisted-Resisted Exercise: principles techniques indications, conmainsications Bact and uses Resisted Exercise: Definition. principles, indications, contraindicaions, precautions & techniques, ‘effects and uses. ‘Types of resisted exercises: Manual and Mechanical resistance exercise, Ioeetric exercise, Dynamic exercise: Concentric and Eccentric. Dynamic exercise: Constant versus varie resistance, Isokinetic exercise, Open-Chain and Closed-Chain exercise. Specific exercise regimens Isotonic: de Lormes, Oxford, MacQueen, Circiut weight traning Isometric: BRIME (Brief Resisted Isometric Exercise), Multiple Angle Isometics 37of 1 Baprel “mitt paws Hours] a, r le neurophysiologie pri ysiologie princi . Upper inh oer re PaeDes of PNP: Muscular avi, Diagonals patterns of move a Procedure: components of PN ase ‘Techniques of fcilita ui ion aaa relax, Hold rex, Rhythm Suabilty: Altemating someune pe ematons, timing for emphasis, rhythmic stabilization til timing for emphasis, resisted pense ‘ndurance: low reversals, agonist reversal initiation ‘Suspension Therapy [6 Nours) Definition, principles, equi iSiperalaa toe : equipments & accessories, Indications & contraindications, Benefits of Types of suspension ‘Techniques of suspen: Techniques of suspensio therapy: axial, venical, pendular mn therapy for upper limb mn therapy for lower limb 8. Functional Re-education [4 hours) Lying to sitting: Activities on the M; i ” oe ee een or and stability at floor level: Sitting activities 9. Aerobie Eero Foam say Definition and key terms; Physiological response to aerobic exercise, Examination and evaluation of aerobic capacity ~ Exercise Testing, Determinants of an Exercise Program, The Exercise Program, Normal and abnormal response to acute aerobic exercise, Physiological changes that occur with training, Application of Principles of an Aerobic conditioning program for patients types and phases of aerobic training, 10, Stretching [3 Hours) Definition of terms related to stretching; Tissue response towards immotilization and elongation, Determinants of stretching exercise, Effects of stretching, Inhibition and relaxation procedures, Precautions and contraindications of stretching, Techniques of stretching. 11, Manual Therapy & Peripheral Joint Mobilization [5 Hours] Schools of Manual Therapy, Principles, Grades, Indications and Contraindications, Effects and : Uses ~ Maitland, Kaltenborn, Mulligan : ‘ Biomechanical basis for mobilization, Effects of joint mobilsation, Indications and contraindiactions, Grades of mobilization, Principles of mobilization, Techniques of mobilization for upper limb, lower limb, Precautions. 12. Balance | 4 Hours] Gaoly a 58ee Prysctay of belance: contributions of sensory systems, si tor ouput getmponens of balance (Sensory, musculoskeletal, biomechanical) Causes of impaired balance, Examination & evaluation of impaired balance, smpaired balance: mode, posture, movement, Precautions & eontraindieatary Balance retraining, Processing sensory information, Activities for treating ': Types 13, Co-ordination Exercise [ 4 Hours} Anatomy & Physiology of cerebellum with its pathways Definitions: Co-ordination, Inco-ordination Causes for Inco-ordination, Test for co-ordination: equilibrium test, non equilibrium test Principles of co-ordination exercise Frenkel's Exercise: uses of Frenkel's exercise, technique of Frenkel’s exercise, progression, home exercise, 14, Posture (3 Hours] comlyn 4 Dera gastro. Definition, Active and Inactive Posture, Postural Mechanism, Patterns of Posture, Principles of re-education: corrective methods and techniques, Patient education, 15. Walking Aids [3 hours} ‘Types: Crutches, Canes, Frames: Principles and training with walking aids 16. Massage [ 4 Hours} History and Classification of Massage Technique Principles, Indications and Contraindications Technique of Massage Manipulations Physiological and Therapeutic Uses of Specific Manipulations 17. Hydrotherapy [3 Hours] tions, Goals and Indications, Precautions and Contraindications, Properties of water, Use of special equipments, techniques, Effects and uses, merits and demerits 18. Individual and Group Exercises [ 3 Hours] Advantages and Disadvantages, Organisation of Group exercises, Recreational Acti Sports and 19, Introduction to Yoga { § Hours] Asanas~ Principles and elements; Pranayamas — Principles, Methods and Techniques Practicals The students of exercise therapy are to be trained in Practical Laboratory work for all the topics scussed in theory. The student must be able to evaluate and apply judiciously the different s of exercise therapy techniques on the patients. They must be able to 59Fr 4, Deonstte the tectie 0 measuring using goniomerry 1 Peat sce stegh wingers and sh 2 Demons the techniques for Mai ere kenrg tel hae £ Demonstrate the PNF techniques a xia Derettate exercises fr training co-ordination — Frente’ exercise § Peimonstae the techniques of massage manipulations & Demonstrate techniques for fuetional re-education 8 9. assess and train for using walking aids Demonstrate mobilization of individual joint regions 10. pees the technique of suspension therapy for mobilizing and strengthening 11-Demonstrate the techniques for muscle stretching 12, Assess and evaluate posture and gait 13, Demonstrate to apply te technique of passive movements 4, Demonstrate various techniques of Active movements 15, Demonstrate techniques of strengthening muscles using resisted exercises Tg, Demonstrate techniques for measuring lim length ‘and body circumference. Recommended Textbooks Therapeutic exercise by Barbara Bandy Therapeutic exercise by Carolyn Kisner Principles of exercise therapy by M.Dena Gardiner Practical Exercise therapy by Hollis Margaret Therapeutic exercise by Sydney Litch Therapeutic exercise by Hall & Brody Therapeutic exercise by Basmajian Physical Rehabilitation by 0 Sullivan Therapeutic massage by Sinha ‘muscle testing by one 8 9 10. Principles of' Hislop.PATHOLOGY Subject Title : PATHOLOGY Duration 213-24 Months Total Hours : 5 Hrs, Practical 15 Hrs Lecture + Practical 22 Hours / Week : Written | Method of Assessment Theory [45 Hours] General Pathology _- I. Introduction to Pathology [1 Hour] 72. Cell injuries: [3 Hours] Aetiology and Pathogenesis with a brief recall of important aspects of normal cell structure, Reversible cell injury : Types. Sequential changes, Cellular swellings, vacuolation, Hyatine changes. Mucoid changes.Irreversible cell injury: Types of Necrosis & Gangrene, Autolysis. Pathologic calcification: Dystrophic and Metastatic.Intracellular Accumulations - Fatty changes, Protein accumulations, Glycogen accumulations, Pigments - Melanin / Hemosiderin. Extra cellular accumulations: Amyloidosis - Classification, Pathogenesis, Pathology including special stains. 3. Inflammation and Repair [3 Hours] Acute inflammation: features, causes, vascular and cellular events. Inflammatory cells and Mediators. Chronic inflammation: Causes, Types, Classification \ nonspecific and granulomatous with examples. 48Repair, Wound healing by primary and secondary union, factory promoting and delaying the process. Healing in specific site including bone healing 4, Immunopathology [2 Hours} Immune system: General concepts. ys type and examples, antibody and cell mediated tissue injury with examples, Secondary immunodeficiency including HIV infection. Auto-immune disorders: Ras ‘and classification, SLE. AIDS-Actiology, Modes of transmission, Diagnostic procedures, handling of infected material and health education. ie concepts 75. Infectious diseases [3 Hours} Mycobacterial diseases: Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Syphilis, Bacterial disease: Pyogenic, Diphtheria, Gram negative infection, Bacillary dysentery Viral diseases: Poliomyelitis, Herpes, Rabies, Measles, Rickttsia, Chlamydial infection, IV infection. Fungal disease and opportunistic infections. Parasitic diseases: Malaria, Filaria, Amoebiasis, Kala-azar, Cysticercosis, Hydatid cyst. 6 Circulatory Distrurbances [3 Hours} Hyperemia/Ischemia and Hacmorthage Edema: Pathogenesis and types. Chronic venous congestion: Lung. Liver, Spleen, Systemic Pathology ‘Thrombosis and Embolism: Formation, Fate and Effects. Infarction: Types, Common sites. Shock: Pathogenesis. types. morphologic changes. 77. Growth Disturbances and Neoplasia [3 Hours} Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Aplasia, Hypoplasia, Metaplasia, Malformation, agenesis, dysplasia Precancerous lesions. Neoplasia: Definition, classification, Biological behaviour : Benign and Malignant, Carcinoma and Sarcoma. Malignant Neoplasia; Grades and Stages, Local & Distant spread Carcinogenesis: Environmental carcinogens, chemical, viral, occupational. Heredity and cellular ‘oncogenes and prevention of cancer. Benign & Malignant epithelial tumours Eg. Squamous papilloma, Squamous cell carcinoma, Malignant melanoma. Benign & Malignant mesenchymal tumours Eg: Fibroma, Lipoma, Neurofibroma, Fibrosarcoma, Liposarcoma, Rhabdo-myosarcoma, Teratoma 8. Nutritional Disorders [1 Hour] Protein energy malnutrition: Marasmus, Kwashiorkor, and Vitamin deficiency disorders, classification with specific examples. 9. Genetic Disorders [1 Hour] Basie concepts of genetic disorders and some common examples and congenital malformation. 49Syweanic pathokgy 10, Hematology [4 Hours] Comsiuserts of blo0d and bone marrow, Regulation of hematopoiesis, ‘Anemia: Classification, clinical features & lab diagnosis, ‘Nutsitional anemias: Iron deficiency anemia, Folic acid.Vi. B 12 deficiency anemia including pemicious anemia, Hemolytic Anacmias; Classification and Investigations. Hereditary hemolytic ‘anacmias; Thalessemia, Sickle cell anemia, Spherocytosis and Enzyme deficiencies, ‘Aaauired hemolytic anacmias 1, Alloimmnune, Autoimmune ii, Drug induced, Microangiopathic Pancytopenia - Aplastic anemia, Semosiatic disorders, Vascular and Platelet disorders & lab diagnosis. ‘Coagulopathies - (i) Inherited (ii) Acquired with lab diagnosis. Leukocytic disorders: Leukocytosis, Leukopenis, Leukemoid reaction, Leukemia: Classification, clinical manifestation, pathology and Diagnosis. Multiple myeloma and disproteinemias, ‘8lo0d wansfusion: Grouping and cross matching, untoward reactions, transmissible infections including MV & hepatitis, Blood-components & plasma-pheresis. 11. Respiratory System [2 Hours] Pheumonia, Bronchitis, Bronchicctasis, Asthma, Tuberculosis, Carcinoma of lungs, Occupational Jung diseases 12. Cardiovascular Pathology [2 Hours] Congenital Heart disease: Atrial septal defect, Ventricular septal defect, Fallo’s tetralogy, Patent ductus arteriosus. Endocarditis. Rheumatic Heart disease. Vascular diseases: Atherosclerosis, monckeberg’s medial calcification, Aneurysm and Artertis and tumours of Blood vessels. Ischemic heart Disease: Myocardial infarction. Hypertension and hypertensive heart Disease 13. Alimentary tract [3 Hours] Oral Pathology: Uleers, leukoplakia, Carcinoma, oral cavity diseases and tumour of salivary gland & esophagus and precancerous lesions, Esophagus inflammatory, functional disorders and tumours. Stomach : Gastritis, Ulcer & Tumours. Tumours and tumour like condition of the small and large Intestine: Polyps, carcinoid, carcinoma, Lymphoma, ' Pancreatitis and pancreatic tumours: i) Exocrine, Salivary gland wmours : Mixed, Wartin's Endocrine 14, Hepatobiliary pathology { 2 Hours] Jaundice: Types, actio-pathogenesis and diagnosis. Hepatitis: Acute, Chronic, neonatal. ‘Alcoholic liver disease Girshosis: Postnecrotic, Alcoholic, Metabolic and Portal hypertension Liver abscesses; Pyogenic, 50and Amocbie- lem 2. Hours} t 3 a re Cholecystitis. sis, Carcinoma. i gpecifc and gvarloma en er Reactive Hyperplasia, Primary ‘Tumours - Hodgkin's and fetastatic TUMOUTS: Causes re Lymphomas, Mi Non ho enc Enlargers usculoskeletal System™ (3 Hours] eens Seute, chronic, ruberculoUss mycetoma Metabolic diseases: gikets/Osteomalacia, 0st20POTOS'S Hyperparatl disease Tumours suppurative, thyroidism, Paget's ation: Benign. Malignant, Metastatic and synovial sarcoma. Arthritis: Classifie nritis, Gout, Tuberculous. Rheumatoid. Osteoartl 17. Endocrine pathology 3 Hours] 4 Diabetes Melis: Types, Pathogsnres: Pathology, Laboratory diagnosis. We sone of Thyroid: fdine deficiency BON! autoimmune Thyroiditis, ‘Non-neoplastic “Thyrotoxicosis, myxedems Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Trrours of Thyroid: Adenoms, Cron Papillary. Follicular, Medullary. ‘Anaplastic. Adrenal srophy, tuberculosis, tumours of cortex ‘and medulla. diseases: cortical hyperplasia, 18, Neuropathology (3 Hours] dcammations and Infections : TB Menin rningitis and Brain Abscess ‘Tuberculosis, Cysticercosis ENS Tumors, Astrocytoma, Neuroblastoma, Meningioma, Medulloblastoma sits, Pyogenic Meningitis, vial me 19, Dermatopathology [! Hour] Skin tumors: Squamos cel carcinoma, Basal cell carcinoma, Melanoma Practical (15 Hours] she students may be demonstrated the common histopahologicsh Demonstration of Slides | slides and specimens and charts and their interpretations. hematological and cyto Recommended Textbooks 1. Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 2. General systemic pathology: Cl i rgy: Churchill Liv 3. Text book of Pathology: Robbins ged 51MICROBIOLOGY / subject Tithe : MICROBIOLOGY Duration 213-24 Months Total Hours ay Theory 45 Hes Practical 215 Hrs Lecture + Practical 22 Hours / Week Method of Assessment 2 Written Theory 1. General Microbiology {5 Hours] Pemiiee estas, pie tot, vector, fomite, conagious discar, infectious Sacaes, epidemic, endemic, pandemic. Zoonosis. Epizootic. Attack rate ‘Normal flora of the human body. Routes of infection and spread; endog infections. Bacterial cell. Morphology limited wo recognizing bacteria in clinic: arrangement. Structures, which are virulence. associated Physiology: Essentials of bacterial growth requirements Sterilization, disinfection and universal precautions in rel ion. Definition of asepsis, sterilization. disinfection. ‘Antimicrobials: Mode of action, interpretation of susceptibility tests, activity. 2, Immunology [5 Hours] Basic principles of immunity immunobiology : Iymphoid organs and tissues. Antigen, Antibodies, antigen and antibody reactions with relevance wo pathogenesis and serological diagnosis. Humoral immunity and its role in immunity Cell mediated immunity and its role in immunity. Imunology of hypersensitivity, Measuring immune functions. enous and exogenous infections; source at reservoir of al samples Shape, motility and Jation to patient care and disease resistance spectrum of 3, Bacteriology [12 Hours} To be considered under the following headings Morphology. classification according to pathogenicity, mode of transmission, methods of prevention, collection and transport of samples for laboratory diagnosis, interpretation of laboratory reports Staphylococci, Streptococci and Pheumococci, ‘Mycobacteria: Tuberculosis. M.leprae, atypical mycobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrois: V. cholerae and other medically important vibrios, Campylobacters and Helicobacters. Pseudomonas, 52Bacillus anthracis, ‘ Sporing and non-sporing anaerobes: Clostridia, Bacteroides and Fusobacters+ 4, General Virology [8 Hours] General properties: Basi structure and broad classification ot vies, Paogeness nd Pe of viral infections. Immunity and prophlxis of val diseases. Piciles of viral diseases. List of commonly used antiviral agents 5. Mycology [3 Hours) ficial, subcutaneous, deep General properties of fungi. Classification based on disease: mee ee iples of mycosel opportunistic infections including Mycotoxins, system'e er eee fingal diagnosis, Rapid dignoss, Method of cllection of samples. Amanda! 2 6. Clinical/Applied Microbiology [12 Hours] Streptococcal infections: Rheumatic fever and Rheumatic hear disease, Meningitis. Tuberculosis, Pyrexia of unknown origin, leprosy, Sexually transmitted diseases. yeti, Hepatitis, ‘Acute-respiratory infections, Central nervous System infections, Urinary tract infections Pelvic inflammatory discase, ‘Wound infection, Opportunistic ine HIV infection, Malaria, Filariass, Zoonotic diseases. Practical [15 Hours] Demonstration of Microscopes and its uses Principles, uses and demonstration of common sterilization equipment Demonstration of common culture media Demonstration of motility by hanging drops method Demonstration of Gram Stain, ZN Stain Demonstration of Serological test: ELISA Demonstration of Fungus nayapnn Recommended Textbooks: 533Short text book of Medical Microbiology by Sathish Gi Text book of Microbiology eee ces) a Microbilogy &Parasitiology by Rajeshwar Redly Text book of Microbiology by Anantha Narayanan Microbiology by Baveja : Text book of microbiology by Chakraborihy PHARMACOLOGY Course Description cof common drugs used, their importance rer completing the course will be indling of drugs by the body. The tors in the outcome: of ¢ pharmacology therapy. The student aft drug action and the hat th drug and physiotherapy fact This course introduces the student to ba in the overall treatment including Physiol able to understand the general principles of ‘student will be aware of the contribution of boll treatment. Subject Title : PHARMACOLOGY Duration + 13-24 Months Total Hours 60 ‘Theory 60 Hrs Lecture 2 Hours / Week Method of Assessment : Written 1. General Pharmacology [5 Hours} Inuroduction, Definitions, Classification of drugs, Sourees of drugs, Routes of drug administration, Fipibution of drugs. Metabolism and Excretion of drugs Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Factors modifying drug response, Adverse effects 2. Autonomic Nervous system [5 hours} General considerations ~ The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems, Receptors, Somatic Nervous System Cholinergic and Anti rmusele relaxants. Cholinergic drugs. Adrenergic and Adrenergic blocking drugs, Peripheral 4, Cardiovascular Pharmacology [10 Hours] ge Used inthe Treatment of Heart Failure: Digitalis, Diuretics, ‘Vasodilators, ACE inhibitors hypertensive Drugs: Diuretics, Beta Blockers. Callum Channel Blockers, ACE Inhibitors, ‘Conta Acting Alpha Agonists, Peripheral Alpha Antagonists, Direct acting Vasodilators 34- santyhic Drugs Anos Used in the Trament of Vascular Dis : ies it Loner Seth Anitiniboteg, Frm esped Nove Li cod Ischemic isease — Nitrates, Beta- fics i lca Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers peripheral Vscular Disease nl 4, Neuropharmacology [8 Hours] Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs: Barbturates, Benzo ¢ , Benzodiazepines ches Dee ne eieget Oe AHS Drugs Used in Treament of Mood Disorder: Monoamine Antidepressants, Atpial Antidepressants, Liam Antipsychotic drugs Oxidase Inhibitors, Trieyclie '. Disorders of Movement {6 Hours} Drugs used in Treatment of Parkinson's Disease ileptic Drugs ty and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 6. Inflammatory/Immune Diseases [14 Hours] ; Inflammatory Drugs: ‘Acetaminophen, NSAIDs, Non-narotie Analgesics and Nonsteroidal Ant spiin, Nnespirin NSAIDS, drug Ineractns with NSAIDS ‘colds: Pharmacological Uses of Glucocorticoids, heumatoid Arthe ilar Immune/Inflmmator adverse effects, Physiologie Use of of sis, Osteoanis, Cou ry Diseases: Myasthena Scleroderma, of Arthritic Diseases: RI Drugs Used in Treatment of Neuromuscul Drugs Used in the Treatment gravis, Idiopathic. Inflammatory Myopathies, sstomie Tupus Erythmatosus, Demyelinating Disease Respiratory Pharmacology: Obstructive ‘Airway Diseases, Drugs used in ‘Treatment of Obstructive a airway Diseases, Allergic Rhinitis Bhroscadilot™*- al dente a, al 1. Digestion and Metabolism [6 Hours} PebRe ulcer Paved foc Melt tus Gastrointestinal Pharmacology: Peptic Ulcer Disease, Constipation, Diarrhea Labetes Drugs Used in Treatment of Diabetes Melis: Insulin, Oral Hypoglycemics NoAID: gt 8, Geriatries [ 6 Hours] of special concer in the Elderly, Pharmacology and the geriatric Population: Adverse effects ‘Dementia, Postural hypotension Recommended Textbooks 1 Lippicott's Pharmacology. 2 Essential of Medical Phramacology by Tripathi + Text book of Medical Pharmacology by Padmaja udaykumar 55