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M2 - Self - Perception, Self-Concept, Self Esteem Module 2

This document discusses self-cognition and perception. It explains that our behavior arises from the interplay between our internal thoughts and external environment. It also discusses how our sense of self develops from social interactions, beginning with family. The self-concept is described as an organized collection of beliefs and feelings about oneself. Personal identity emphasizes uniqueness, while social identity emphasizes shared attributes with one's group. Self-schemas are elements of our self-concept that influence how we perceive and evaluate ourselves and others. Information related to our self-concept is processed more efficiently due to the self-reference effect. Possible selves include visions of our ideal future selves as well as feared selves. Self-esteem represents our overall self-evaluation

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44 views

M2 - Self - Perception, Self-Concept, Self Esteem Module 2

This document discusses self-cognition and perception. It explains that our behavior arises from the interplay between our internal thoughts and external environment. It also discusses how our sense of self develops from social interactions, beginning with family. The self-concept is described as an organized collection of beliefs and feelings about oneself. Personal identity emphasizes uniqueness, while social identity emphasizes shared attributes with one's group. Self-schemas are elements of our self-concept that influence how we perceive and evaluate ourselves and others. Information related to our self-concept is processed more efficiently due to the self-reference effect. Possible selves include visions of our ideal future selves as well as feared selves. Self-esteem represents our overall self-evaluation

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BroNotes
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SELF COGNITION

& PERCEPTION
Our behaviour arises from the
interplay between what’s
going on inside our heads and
what’s happening outside,
between our sense of self and
our social surroundings.
WRITE 5 SENTENCES STARTING
WITH
I AM------------------------------
 How did you come to be this person
called ‘myself.?’

 It is basically your self-identity or self-


concept which you acquired mainly
through social interactions starting with
your family and continue with the other
people you meet throughout life.

 The Self-concept is an organized


collection of beliefs and feelings about
oneself.
Personal versus Social Identity
 According to the Social Identity Theory by (Tajfel &
Turner, 1986), we can perceive ourselves differently
at any given moment in time, depending on where
we are on personal-versus- social identity
continuum.
 We do not experience all the aspects of our self-
concept simultaneously.
 How we think of ourselves would depend on where
we put ourselves on the continuum at that
particular time.
 This momentary salience—the part of our identity
that is the focus of our attention—can affect much
in terms of how we perceive ourselves and respond
to others.
Personal Identity
 When our personal identity is salient and we think of
ourselves as unique individuals, this results in self-
descriptions that emphasize how we differ from
other individuals.
For example, you might describe yourself as fun when
thinking of yourself at the personal identity level—to
emphasize your self-perception as having more of this
attribute than other individuals you are using as the
comparison.

 Personal identity self-description can be thought of


as an intragroup comparison—involving
comparisons with other individuals who share our
group membership. For this reason, when describing
the personal self, which group is the referent can
affect the content of our self-descriptions (Oakes,
Haslam, & Turner, 1994; Reynolds et al., 2010).
Social Identity
 At the social identity end of the continuum,
perceiving ourselves as members of a group
means we emphasize what we share with
other group members.
 We describe ourselves in terms of the
attributes that differentiate our group from
another comparison group.
 Descriptions of the self at the social identity
level are intergroup comparisons in nature—
they involve contrasts between groups.
 For example, when your social identity as a
fraternity or sorority group member is salient,
you may ascribe traits to yourself that you
share with other members of your group
SCHEMAS
 The answers you wrote together defines your
self-concept.
 Self-Schemas- The elements of your self-
concept, the specific beliefs by which you
define who you are.
 Schemas are mental templates by which we
organize our world.
 Self-schemas influence how we perceive ,
remember, evaluate both other people and
ourselves.
 Self-Schemas make up our self-concept serve
as a sort of mental Dewey Decimal System for
cataloguing and retrieving information.
Self-concept-The Central Schema

Existential Aspects
Interpersonal
Attributes Internalized Beliefs

Ascribed Components of
Characteristics Self Concept Self- Awareness

Interests & Activities Social Differentiation


Self- Determination
Self Reference Effect
 Self-Reference Effect is a tendency to process
efficiently and remember well information related
to oneself.
 If the information is relevant to our self-concepts,
we process it quickly and remember it well.
 Self-reference effect illustrates a basic fact of our
life: our sense of self is at the center of our worlds.
 E.g., During a discussion with other person, the
other person spoke about you as well as someone
else, you may still remember what is said about you
than what he said about other person.
Klein & Loftus (1988)
Self Reference Information is facilitated in 2 ways
 Categorical Processing: Self-Relevant material is
likely to be better organized in your memory and
placed in categories.
 Elaborative Processing: You are likely to spend
more time thinking about words and events if they
are relevant to yourself than if they are not.
 Research finding indicated that recall of self-
relevant information is most efficient because it is
based on both elaborative and categorical
processing.
Self Reference effect
Categorical
Processing

Stimulus Material Self-Reference


Any info relevant Effect
to oneself

Elaborate
Processing
POSSIBLE SELVES
 Our Self-concept includes not just what
we currently are, but would also include
what we might become-possible selves.
 Hazel Markus and colleagues note that
our possible selves includes our visions of
the self we dream of becoming-the rich
self, the thin self, the passionately loved.
They also include the self we fear
becoming- the unemployed self, he sick
self, the academically failed self. Such
possible selves motivate us with specific
goals – a vision of the life we long for.
SELF ESTEEM
 Self Esteem - overall self-evaluation
Summation of all our self-schemas
and possible selves
Self Esteem is the attitude one holds about
one self.
A person with high self esteem perceives
himself or herself better, more capable and
of great worth than does someone with low
self-esteem.
 Self-Evaluation: Important aspect
 They are based in part on the opinions of others
and in part on how we perceive specific
experiences.
 One important finding: Generally negative self-
perceptions leads to more predictable behavior
than positive self-perceptions.
 This happens probably because negative self-
views involve more tightly organized schemas
than positive ones.
 Someone with high self-esteem can interpret a
success in a variety of ways, but someone with
low self-esteem tend to overgeneralize the
implications of failure
 Self-esteem is focused on a global indication of
self-evaluation.
 People subdivide aspects of their self.
E.g., I rate myself high when it comes to making
pasta and I rate myself low when it comes to
speaking in Gujarati.
It is because of this subdividing, I can have
positive attitude towards some aspects and
negative attitude regarding some other aspects.
Your overall global self-esteem can be
conceptualized as the combination of the relative
number and relative intensity of these positive and
negative self-evaluations.
Another Approach to assess
Self Esteem
COMPARE

CONCEPTION OF
SELF CONCEPT
IDEAL SELF
Self-concept-The Central Schema

Existential Aspects
Interpersonal
Attributes Internalized Beliefs

Ascribed Components of
Characteristics Self Concept Self- Awareness

Interests & Activities Social Differentiation


Self- Determination
THANK YOU

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