ABSTRACT

The air brake was, for many years, used in place of the air brake as the standard, fail-
safe, train brake used by railways. Pneumatic braking systems use compressed air as the force
used to push blocks on to wheels. The air brake system is controlled through a brake pipe
connecting a brake valve in the driver's cab with braking equipment on every vehicle. A air is
created in the pipe by an ejector or exhauster. The ejector removes atmospheric pressure from
the brake pipe to create the air using steam on a steam locomotive, or an exhausted, using
electric power on other types of train. With no air the brake is fully applied. The air in the
brake pipe is created and maintained by a motor-driven exhauster. The exhauster has two
speeds, high speed and low speed. The high speed is switched in to create a air and thus
release the brakes. Slow speed is used to keep the air at the required level to maintain brake
release. Air against small leaks in the brake pipe is maintained by it.

i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO
ABSTRACT V
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF FIGURES ix
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 LITERATURE SURYVEY 2
3 DESCRIPYION OF EQUIPMENT 4
3.1 Motor 4
3.2 Construction of Motor 6
3.3 Scotch Yoke 8
3.4 Bearing 9
3.5 Types of bearings 11
3.5.1 Ball bearings 12
3.5.2 Roller bearings 13
3.5.3 Thrust ball bearing 14
3.5.4 Roller thrust bearing 14
3.5.5 Taper roller bearing 15
3.6 Bevel Gear 16
3.6.1 Straight Bevel Gear 17
3.6.2 Spiral Bevel Gear 17
3.6.3 Hypnoidal Bevel Gear 17
3.7 Worm and Worm Wheel 18
3.8 Direction and transformation 19

ii
4 DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT AND DRAWING 22
4.1 Components and Specification 22
4.1.1 Drilling 22
4.1.2 Shaping 23
4.1.3 Cam arrangement 23
4.1.4 Bevel Gear 24
4.1.5 Hydraulic bottle jack 24
4.1.6 Vice 25
4.1.7 Bearing 25
4.1.8 Drilling tool 26
4.2 Drawing for fabrication of multi machine 28
using single motor

5 WORKING PRINCIPLE 29
6 MERITS AND DEMERITS 30
7 APPLICATIONS 31
7.1 List of Materials 31
7.1.1 Choice of materials 31
7.2 Properties 31
7.2.1 Cast ability 33
7.2.2 Weld ability 33
7.3 Manufacturing case 33
7.3.1 Quality required 33
7.3.2 Availability of material 34
7.3.3 Space consideration 34

iii
8 COST ESTIMATION 35

9 CONCLUSION 36
9.1 Conclusion 36
9.2 Future work 36
BIBLIOGRAPHY 37
PHOTOGRAPHY 39

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

NO NO

1 STATOR AND ROTOR 5

2 SCOTH YOKE MECHANISM 9

3 BALL BEARINGS 13

4 ROLLER BEARINGS 14

5 THRUST BALL BEARINGS 14

6 ROLLER THRUST BALL BEARINGS 15

7 TAPER ROLLER BEARING 16

8 BEVEAL GEAR 18

9 WORM AND WORM WHEEL 22

10 NOMENCLATURE OF DRILL 27

11 MACHINE LAYOUT 28

v
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

Usually driven by the vehicle engine, the air compressor is the source of energy for the air Brake
system; for the air brake system the air compressor builds the air pressure.
By the engine coolant system cools the air compressor is typically cooled and lubricated by the engine oil
supply.
(Certain models have self-lubricated and/or air-cooled versions available.) Note: Air compressor shafts
can rotate neither direction, at atmospheric pressure, the vehicle's compressor draws in filtered air from the
outside (or already at an increased pressure, from the engine turbocharger where permitted), and compresses
it. The brake system needs a supply of compressed air between a preset maximum and minimum. The
governor (along with a synchrony valve for the air compressor) monitors the air pressure in the supply
reservoir and controls when the compressor needs to pump air into the air system (also known as the "air build
cycle" - the compressors "running loaded") and when the compressor should simply turnover without building
pressure ("running unloaded). When the air pressure becomes greater than that of the preset "cut-out", the
governor controls. The unloaded mechanism of the air dryer to purge. As the service reservoir air pressure
drops to the "cut-in" setting of the governor, the governor returns the compressor back to building air and the
air dryer to air drying mode. As the atmospheric air is compressed, all the water vapor originally in the air is
carried along into the air system, as well as a small amount of the compressor lubricating oil as vapor.

1
 CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE SURVEY

MHATRE KETAN H(2018)

Electro-pneumatic braking system uses laws of pneumatics to apply the brakes. When any hurdle is
sensed in the path by the sensors, it will apply the instant brake in seconds, So that it will reduce the accidents
which are caused by human unawareness's. So basically whenever the Bike senses any object ahead, it will
apply automatic brakes by determining the distance, which we put in sensors. We have used Pneumatic
breaking circuit and IR sensors to perform these operations. The circuit can break the vehicle within seconds
running at a high speed.
Automatic brake with the electro-pneumatic system will provide extra safety to the two-wheelers. This
project has been made to perform the required task in shortest time and to add some innovation in the
automobile Industry.
DIVYATA KHACHANE(2016)
ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM
(ABS) is one of the safety feature provided by automobile industry. Due to the use of this safety
feature, braking distance of vehicle is reduced as well as stability of vehicle is increased. Due to the use of
ABS tyre efficiency is also increased as there is less friction in between road and tyre.
However this system does not work effectively for adverse road condition. To overcome this
disadvantage automobile industry recently come up with the new advancement known as electronic brake-
force distribution (EBD).
Electronic brake-force system works efficiently even if road conditions are adverse i.e. icy, watery etc.

2
 CHAPTER-3

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS

3.1 Driver’s Brake Valve:

Driver controls the brake using this. It has the following positions: "Release",
"Running", "Lap" and "Brake On"."Neutral" or "Shut Down" positions are also available
which locks the valve out of use. He "Release" position connects the exhauster to the brake
pipe and switches the exhauster to full speed. This raises the air in the brake pipe as quickly as
possible to get a release. The exhauster keeps running but at its slow speed in the "Running"
position. This ensures that the air is maintained against any small leaks or losses in the brake
pipe, connections and hoses."Lap" is used to shut off the connection between the exhauster
and the brake pipe to close off the connection to atmosphere after a brake application has been
made."Brake On" closes off the connection to the exhauster and opens the brake pipe to
atmosphere.
3.2 Exhauster
A two-speed rotary machine fitted to a train to evacuate the atmospheric pressure from
the brake pipe, reservoirs and break cylinders to affect a brake release.

3.3 Dummy Coupling:

A dummy coupling point is provided at the ends of each vehicle to allow the ends of the
brake pipe hoses to be sealed when the vehicle is uncoupled.

3.4 Coupled Hoses:

The brake pipe is carried between adjacent vehicles through flexible hoses.

3
3.5 Air Reservoir:
A air reservoir is provided on, or connected to the upper side of the piston to ensure there
is always a source of air available to operate the brake.

3.6 Brake Cylinder (shown in blue):

The movement of the piston contained inside the cylinder operates the brakes through
links called "rigging".

3.7 Brake rigging:

The movement of the brake cylinder piston transmits pressure to the brake blocks on each
wheel through this system.

3.8 Brake Block:

The friction material which is pressed against the surface of the wheel tread by the
upward movement of the brake cylinder piston.

3.9 Ball Valve:

The ball valve is needed to ensure that the air in the air reservoir is maintained at the
required level, i.e. the same as the brake pipe, during brake release but that the connection to
the brake pipe is closed during a brake application.

4
 3.1.1 Basic Working Principle Of An Driver’s Brake Valve.

Driver controls the brake using this. It has the following positions: "Release",
"Running", "Lap" and "Brake On"."Neutral" or "Shut Down" positions are also available
which locks the valve out of use. He "Release" position connects the exhauster to the brake
pipe and switches the exhauster to full speed. This raises the air in the brake pipe as quickly as
possible to get a release. The exhauster keeps running but at its slow speed in the "Running"
position. This ensures that the air is maintained against any small leaks or losses in the brake
pipe, connections and hoses."Lap" is used to shut off the connection between the exhauster
and the brake pipe to close off the connection to atmosphere after a brake application has been
made."Brake On" closes off the connection to the exhauster and opens the brake pipe to
atmosphere.

5
 CHAPTER-4
4.CONSTRUCTION

It consists of the following components:-

4.1 Air Compressor
4.2 Air Filter
4.3 Air Dryer
4.4 Storage Tank
4.5 Safety Valve / Pressure Regulator Valve
4.6 Brake Valve
4.7 Brake Chamber
4.8 Brake Drum
4.9 Shoes

4.1 AIR COMPRESSOR

Compressor works on the engine power. The compressor takes Air from the
atmosphere and conpresses it and sends to the Storage tank.

4.2 AIR FILTER

Air Filter is used Before the Compressor to remove the Dust Particals from the
Air, before entering into the Compressor.

4.3AIR DRYER
Air Dryer is used Before the Compressor to remove the Moisture from the Air,
before entering into the Compressor. Because Moisture damages the Compressor Blades.

4.4 STORAGE TANK

It Stores the Compressed Air receives from the Compressor.

4.4SAFETY VALVE / PRESSURE REGULATOR VALVE

This Valve is used on the Storage Tank to maintain the pressure in inside the tank &
Removes the excessive air from the tank.

4.6 BRAKE VALVE

It is used to Regulate the Air flow from the Storage Tank to Brake Chamber.

6
 It is control by the Brake Pedal. When Driver press the brake pedal, Brake Valve
Opens, Therefore Air flows from the Storage Tank to Brake Chamber.

When Driver release the brake pedal, Brake Valve Closes, Therefore Air Stops to flows
from the Storage Tank to Brake Chamber.

4.7 BRAKE CHAMBER

It is consists of the Diaphragm, Return spring.

The Diaphragm is connected to the push rod & Push Rod is connected to the
Lever & Lever is connected to the cam.

When Driver release the brake pedal, Return spring is keeps the diaphragm in
original position.

4.8 BRAKE DRUM

It is consists of the Two Brake shoes, Cam, Return spring.

One end of the both shoes hinged & other ends are connected to the Cam. Hence when
cam rotates, the brake shoes expands inside the brake drum.

On the outer surface of the brake shoes has friction lining. Therefore when brake shoes
expands, Due to friction between shoes & brake drum, Wheel stops.

4.9 SHOES
he shoes are connected with the return spring. Therefore When driver release the
clutch pedal, Shoes are comes to original position due to spring.

CHAPTER-5
DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT AND DRAWING

4.1 COMPONENTS AND ITS SPECIFICATION

The multi operation machine consists of the following components to full fill

7
the requirements of complete operation of the machine.
1. motor
2. hack saw
3. scotch yoke
4. base
5. hydraulic bottle jack
6. bevel gear
7. cam arrangement
8. vice
9. bearing
10.drilling tool

4.1 Drilling
A drill is a tool fitted with a cutting tool attachment, usually a drill bit used for
drilling holes in various materials or fastening various materials together with the use
of fasteners. The attachment is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill and rotated
while pressed against the target material. The tip of the cutting tool does the work of
cutting into the target material. Drills are commonly used in woodworking,
metalworking and construction. Specially designed drills are also used in medicine,
space missions and other applications. Drills are available with a wide variety of
performance characteristics, such as power and capacity.

8
4.2 Shaping
Shaper operates by moving a hardened cutting tool backwards and forwards
across the workpiece. On the return stroke of the ram the tool is lifted clear of the
workpiece, reducing the cutting action to one direction only. The workpiece mounts
on a rigid, box shaped table in front of the machine. The height of the table can be
adjusted to suit this workpiece, and the table can transverse sideways underneath the
reciprocating tool which is mounted on the ram, the table motion is usually under the
control of an automatic feed mechanism which acts on the feed screw. The ram slides
back and forth above the work, at the front end of the ram is a vertical tool slide that
may be adjusted to either side of the vertical plane. This tool slide holds the clapper
box and tool post from where the tool can be positioned to cut the straight, flat
surface on the top of the workpiece. The tool slide permits feeding the tool
downwards to put on a cut it or may be set away from the vertical plane, as required.
The ram is adjustable for stroke and due to the geometry of the linkage, it moves
faster on the return stroke than on the forward, cutting stroke. This action is via a
slotted link or whit worth link.

4.3 Cam arrangement

A cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used
especially in transforming rotary motion into linear motion or vice-versa. It is often a
part of a rotating wheel (e.g. an eccentric wheel) or shaft (e.g. a cylinder with an
irregular shape) that strikes a lever at one or more points on its circular path. The cam
can be a simple tooth, as is used to deliver pulses of power to a steam hammer, for
example, or an eccentric disc or other shape that produces a smooth reciprocating
(back and forth) motion in the follower, which is a lever making contact with the
cam. The cam can be seen as a device that rotates from circular to reciprocating (or
sometimes oscillating) motion. A common example is the camshaft of an automobile,
9
which takes the rotary motion of the engine and translates it into the reciprocating
motion necessary to operate the intake and exhaust valves of the cylinders. Cams can
also be viewed as information-storing and transmitting devices. Examples are the
cam-drums that direct the notes of a musical box or the movements of a screw
machine's various tools and chucks. The information stored and transmitted by the
cam.
4.4 Bevel gear
A bevel gear is a type of mechanical gear. These gears where the axes of the
two shafts intersect and the tooth bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically
shaped. Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but
can be designed to work at other angles as well. The pitch surface of bevel gears is a
cone.
4.5 Hydraulic bottle jack
Bottle jacks are hydraulic jacks that are placed in a horizontal position. These
jacks push against a lever, which lifts the main lift arm. Bottle jacks have a longer
handle than most hydraulic jacks, however, and it is possible to get more lift per
stroke with the increased leverage they provide when compared to regular models of
jacks. Bottle jacks are versatile because their horizontal position makes it possible to
place them in tight spots and provides good leverage. Recently bottle jacks have
proven useful in search and rescue missions following earthquake damage. As a
result, bottle jacks are standard equipment in firehouses and for search and rescue
teams. They are also used for lifting, spreading, bending, pushing, pressing, or
straightening requirements. The base and cylinders of bottle jacks are electrically
welded for strength, and all models are capable of working in upright, angled, or
horizontal positions.

10
4.6 Vice
It is a device consisting of two parallel jaws for holding a work piece; one of
the jaws is fixed and the other movable by a screw, a lever, or a cam. When used for
holding a work piece during hand operations, such as filing, hammering, or sawing,
the vise may be permanently bolted to a bench. In vises designed to hold metallic
work pieces, the active faces of the jaws are hardened steel plates, often removable,
with serrations that grip the work piece; to prevent damage to soft parts, the
permanent jaws can be covered with temporary jaws made from sheet copper or
leather from rubbing against the sides of the hole, most of the land is cut away,
leaving Pipe vises have double V-shaped jaws that grip in four places instead of only
two. Woodworking vises have smooth jaws, often of wood, and rely on friction alone
rather than on serrations. For holding work pieces on the tables of machine tools,
vises with smooth hardened-steel jaws and flat bases are used. These machine vises
are portable but may be clamped to the machine table when in use; means may also
be provided for swiveling the active part of the vise so that the work piece can be
held in a variety of positions relative to the base. For holding parts that cannot be
clamped with flat jaws, special jaws can be provided.

4.7 Bearing
A bearing is a device to permit constrained relative motion between two
parts, typically rotation or linear movement. Bearings may be classified broadly
according to the motions they allow and according to their principle of operation.
Low friction bearings are often important for efficiency, to reduce wear and to
facilitate high speeds. Essentially, a bearing can reduce friction by virtue of its shape,
by its material, or by introducing and containing a fluid between surfaces. By shape,
gains advantage usually by using spheres or rollers. By material, exploits the nature
of the bearing material used sliding bearings, usually called bushes bushings journal
11
bearings sleeve bearings rifle bearings or plain bearings. rolling-element bearings
such as ball bearings and roller bearings. Jewel bearings, in which the load is carried
by rolling the axle slightly off-center. fluid bearings, in which the load is carried by a
gas or liquid magnetic bearings, in which the load is carried by a magnetic field.
Flexure bearings, in which the motion is supported by a load element which bends.
Bearings vary greatly over the forces and speeds that they can support.
Forces can be radial, axial (thrust bearings) or moments perpendicular
to the main axis. Bearings very typically involve some degree of relative movement
between surfaces, and different types have limits as to the maximum relative surface
speeds they can handle, and this can be specified as a speed in ft/s or m/s. The
moving parts there is considerable overlap between capabilities, but plain bearings
can generally handle the lowest speeds while rolling element bearings are faster,
hydrostatic bearings faster still, followed by gas bearings and finally magnetic
bearings which have no known upper speed limit.

4.8 Drilling tool

Drilling tool is a cylindrical end-cutting tool used to originate or enlarge
circular holes in solid material. Usually, drills are rotated by a drilling machine and
fed into stationary work, but on other types of machines a stationary drill may be fed
into rotating work or drill and work may rotate in opposite directions. To form the
two cutting edges and to permit the admission of a coolant and the ejection of chips,
two longitudinal or helical grooves or flutes are provided. The point or tip, of a drill
is usually conical in shape, and it has cutting edges where the flutes end. The angle
formed by the tapering sides of the point determines how large a chip is taken off
with each rotation of the drill. The degree of twist of the helical flutes also affects the
drill’s cutting and chip-removal properties.

12
For general purpose twist drills the helix angle is about 32°. The angle formed by the
two sides of the tapering point is 118° for standard drills, while for drilling tough
metals, a flatter point with a 135° angle is recommended. The peripheral portion of
the drill body not cut away by the flutes is called the land, and to reduce friction and
prevent the land a narrow ridge called the margin that follows the edge of the side of
the flute that forms the cutting edge

.
Fig.10 Nomenclature of drill

13
4.2 DRAWING FOR FABRICATION OF MULTI MACHINING

USING SINGLE MOTOR

Fig.11Machine layout

14
 CHAPTER-5

WORKING PRINCIPLE

Here the bevel gear arrangement is used for carrying out the operations. Bevel
gear is used to perpendicular power transmission. One of the bevel gear is connected
with the motor and another one with the drill chuck hence when the motor is rotated
the drill chuck also rotates. The motor pulley shaft is connected to a cam arrangement
on the other side. Cam arrangement converts rotary motion into reciprocating motion
and the reciprocating motion is used for the slotting and cutting operation. The
slotting tool and cutting tool are guided by a horizontal guide bush. The up down
table is mounted on a hydraulic bottle jack piston rod hence when the bottle jack
handle is pumped the table height can be adjusted according to the requirement when
the after the process is completed the pressure should be released through pressure
relief valve to make the table come down. A vice is mounted on the table to hold the
work piece.

15
 CHAPTER-6

MERITS AND DEMERIT

MERITS
 Easy To Implement
 Low cost
 Low maintenance
 Easy to operate
 Reduces time and increases production rate
 Multi operations are performed at one time.
 Our machine is used in return stroke mechanism also.
 All operations are performed in single motor.
 Size is compact therefore it requires less space.
 Time saving.
 Less man power is required.
 Low manufacturing and maintenance cost.
DEMERIT
 Uneven forces act on the wok piece
 Only small components can be machined

16
 CHAPTER-7
APPLICATIONS
1. Used in small scale industries to reduce machine cost.

2. In such places where frequent change in operation is required.

3. Multipurpose machine

4. This used for cut wooden material.

5. Machine is used for drill the metal or wooden

6. This machine is used to grinding the material

7. used in machine.

7.1 LIST OF MATERIALS

7.1.1 FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS
The various factors which determine the choice of material are discussed
below.
7.2 Properties:
The material selected must possess the necessary properties for the proposed
application. The various requirements to be satisfied can be weight, surface finish
rigidity, ability to withstand environmental attack from chemicals, service life,
reliability etc.
The following four types of principle properties of materials decisively affect
their selection
a. Physical
b. Mechanical
c. From manufacturing point of view

17
 d. Chemical
The various physical properties concerned are melting point, thermal
conductivity, specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific gravity,
electrical conductivity, magnetic purposes etc.
The various Mechanical properties Concerned are strength in tensile,
Compressive shear, bending, torsional and buckling load, fatigue resistance, impact
resistance, elastic limit, endurance limit, and modulus of elasticity, hardness, wear
resistance and sliding properties.
The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of view are,
 Cast ability
 Weld ability
 Surface properties
 Shrinkage
 Deep drawing etc.

7.2.1 Cast ability:

Castability is the ease of forming a quality casting. A very castable part
design is easily developed, incurs minimal tooling costs, requires minimal energy,
and has few rejections. Castability can refer to a part design or a material property.

7.2.2 Weldability

Customers frequently ask component and input material manufacturers to

prove the weldability of their products. Then, it is necessary to produce and test trial
welds.

18
 For both activities, competent personnel and accredited testing
laboratories are available at SLV Duisburg. With regard to the weld execution and
the test programme, we are oriented to your stipulations, depending on whether you
must fulfil a special customer specification or work according to recognised
standards.

7.3 Manufacturing case:

Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface
qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may demand the
use of special materials.
7.3.1 Quality Required
This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the material.
For example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less number of
components which can be fabricated much more economically by welding or hand
forging the steel.

7.3.2 Availability of Material:

Some materials may be scarce or in short supply. It then becomes obligatory
for the designer to use some other material which though may not be a perfect
substitute for the material designed. The delivery of materials and the delivery date of
product should also be kept in mind

7.3.3 Space consideration:

Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces
involved are high and space limitations are there.

19
7.4.4 Cost:
As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material plays an
important part and should not be ignored.
Sometimes factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and non-maintenance of
the designed part are involved in the selection of proper materials.

20
 CHAPTER-8
COST ESTIMATION
1. EQUIPMENTS COST:
Material cost(mild steel) 3500
BELT & PULLEY 1500
AC MOTOR 1500
Bearings 700
HYDRAULIC JACK 1800
WORM GEAR 600
2. OVERHEAD CHARGES:
The overhead charges are arrived by “manufacturing cost”
Manufacturing Cost = Material Cost + Labor Cost
= 3500+2500
= 6000
Overhead Charges =20%of the manufacturing cost
3. TOTAL COST:
Total cost = Material Cost +Labor Cost +Overhead Charges
=3500+2500+1400
Total cost for this project =74

21
 CHAPTER-9
CONCLUSION
9.1 Conclusion

The project carried out by us made an impressing task in the field of small-
scale industries and automobile maintenance shops. It is very useful for the workers
work in the lath and small-scale industries.
This project will reduce the cost involved in the concern. Project has been
designed to perform the entire requirement task at the shortest time available. All
production-based sectors desire low production costs and a high work rate, which can
only be achieved by utilizing multi-function operating machines that consume less
power, time, and labour. Because this equipment allows you to work at multiple
centers, you can cut down on your time to a significant extent. In a given industry, a
significant amount of the investment is spent on machinery installation, which is
quite expensive. The machine is very handy for small businesses. Workers'
movements can be reduced to a minimum. A single machine may do a large number
of processes. The amount of energy used is lowered. The amount of floor space
required is lowered. Manufacturing costs are also lowered.

9.2 FUTURE WORK

We can perform various operation like cutting, drilling and slotting
individually by introducing cuppling between them.
We can perform drilling operation by introducing a drilling to the main shaft.
We can perform boring operation by introducing a boring tool by replacing a
drilling tool. we can change the speed of motor by regulator.

22
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] S.Mithun, S.Mariappa, Suresh Gayakwad " Modeling and simulation of pneumatic brake
system used in heavy commercial vehicle" (2014) e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN:

2320-334X, Volume 11, Issue 1 Ver. II (Jan. 2014), PP 01 -09

[2] Sahil Jitesh Antilock Breaking System (ABS)

International Journal Of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research ISSN 2278 - 0149 Vol. 3,
No. 4, October, 2014© 2014 I|MERR.

[3] Ayman A. Aly, El-Shafei Zeidan, Ahmed Hamed, Farhan Salem An Antilock-Braking Systems
(ABS) Control: A Technical Review Received April 23, 2011; revised May 18,

2011; accepted May 25, 2011

[4] Mr. Kushal V. Gawande, Mr.Bharat A. Shende, Mr. Vipul

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[5] Robert D. Hoover, Jr., MD, MPH, FACP "Pneumatic Compression Devices "February 2009

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(Volume 4, Issue 3)

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PHOTOGRAPHY

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