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Baalbek English Project

Baalbek is an ancient city located in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley. It was originally known as Heliopolis, meaning "Sun City", as it was an important center of sun worship. The Phoenicians were early inhabitants and worshipped the sun god Baal. Under Roman rule, Baalbek prospered and its temples were expanded, including a large temple dedicated to Zeus. Today, ruins of Roman columns and temples remain, highlighting Baalbek's significance in antiquity.

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54 views8 pages

Baalbek English Project

Baalbek is an ancient city located in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley. It was originally known as Heliopolis, meaning "Sun City", as it was an important center of sun worship. The Phoenicians were early inhabitants and worshipped the sun god Baal. Under Roman rule, Baalbek prospered and its temples were expanded, including a large temple dedicated to Zeus. Today, ruins of Roman columns and temples remain, highlighting Baalbek's significance in antiquity.

Uploaded by

Μανόλης Ζερβάκης
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Baa l be k Ε υ θύ μ ης

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Μ 2021-22
Ba al be k
Baalbekis a city located east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley,
about 67 km (42 mi) northeast of Beirut. It is the capital of Baalbek-Hermel
Governorate. In Greek and Roman times Baalbek was also known as
Heliopolis (Ἡλιούπολις, Greek for "Sun City"). In 1998 Baalbek had a
population of 82,608, mostly Shia Muslims, followed by Sunni Muslims and
Christians.

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S TO RY
THE
Excavations in the area have brought to light signs of habitation from the
Early Bronze Age , ie around 2900 BC. - 2300 π.Χ. . The Phoenicians ,
one of the first inhabitants of the area, worshiped in this city the Sun god of
their own mythology, the god Baal . The city began to flourish in 323 BC. ,
when Alexander the Great died, the year he was annexed to the kingdom
of Ptolemy. It was then renamed Ilioupoli by the Greeks , in honor of its
patron god Baal .

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NAME
● Baalbek was called Heliopolis during the Roman Empire, a latinisation of
the Greek Hēlioúpolis (Ἡλιούπολις) used during the Hellenistic Period,
meaning "Sun City" in reference to the solar cult there. The name is
attested under the Seleucids and Ptolemies. The city remained under
Greek rule until 64 BC. , whenever the Romans conquered it, while in 15
BC. Octavian Augustus turned it into a Roman veteran colony and
renamed it Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Heliopolitana .

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MONUMENTS
● The entrance to Baalbek today is from the east, through the propylae of
the twelve columns, built by the Roman Emperor Caracalla . The road
leads to the large rectangular square, measuring 110 by 135 meters, which
is closed on 3 sides by an arched portico. To the west of the square is a
large external staircase, 45 meters wide, which leads to the platform with
the facade of the temple.

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Monuments
● The temple was dedicated to Zeus the Heliopolitan and was built over the
temple of Baal -Hadad. 6 columns, Corinthian style, remain standing, out
of 19 in the eastern peristyle and another 8 of them were dismantled by
the Byzantines at the behest of Justinian to decorate theHagia Sophia . All
the columns in the temple were 54 and the temple was 50 meters wide, 90
meters long and 20 meters high.

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LINKS
https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B1%CE%
BB%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BA
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalbek
● https://www.google.com/search?q=baalbek&tbm

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