RENEWABLE ENERGY

“Partner in Climate Change Mitigation”

Mitigation”
(OPPORTUNITIES)

This PowerPoint lecture is presented by:

 Engr. Meleusipo E. Fonollera, IIEEF, PEE #503

• 1988 IIEE National President
• 1993 SPECS National President
 Chairman Technical Committee,
Chairman, Committee PEM BOARD
RENEWABLE ENERGY ACT of 2008
(R.A. 9513)

AN ACT PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT,

UTILIZATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

UNDER SEC
SEC. 4 (uu
(uu),
uu)),
) RENEWABLE ENERGY
RESOURCES INCLUDE AMONG OTHERS,
SOLAR,, WIND,, OCEAN,, BIOMASS,,
GEOTHERMAL, AND HYDROPOWER………..
 RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW
MAJOR POLICIES
Accelerate the exploration and development of
renewable energy resources:
1. To achieve energy self self--reliance
2. To reduce the country’s dependence on fossil
fuels
3 To minimize the country’s exposure to price
3.
fluctuation and
4. Adoption
p of clean energy gy to mitigate
g climate
change
Increase the utilization of renewable energy by providing
fi
fiscall and
d non-
non-fiscal
fi l iincentives
ti
R.A. 9513: FISCAL INCENTIVES

Income Ta Holiday for the 1st seven

Tax Holida se en years
ears in
commercial operation and thereafter, the RE
developer Corporate Income Tax will be taxed
at 10 percent only instead of 30%;
Duty Free importation of RE machinery,
materials, equipment and parts, etc,;
All p
proceeds from the sale of carbon emission
credits shall be exempt from any and all
taxes;;
taxes
RA 9513: NON
NON--FISCAL INCENTIVES
Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS (RPS))– is a
market--based policy that requires electricity
market
suppliers to source an agreed portion of their
energy supply from RE generation;
A Feed-
F d-In
Feed I -Tariff
In- T iff --- iis an RE policy
li that
th t offers
ff for
f
emerging renewable energy resources a 20- 20-
year guaranteed payments at fixed rate per kWh;
Net--Metering
Net Metering---
---a
a system in which a distribution
End--user with installed RE facilities and with a
End
two--way meter connections, is only charged for
two
his net electricityy consumption
p and is credited
for his over supply,
 RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE)
DEFINITION
Renewable energy refers to those forms of
energy which we cannot deplete or which
are quick to regenerate and includes
among others
others,, solar ,wind, hydro,
geothermal, biomass and ocean energy.
For a complete legal definition
definition, refer to
R.A. 9513, Sec. 4 (uu
(uu).
).
 SOLAR ENERGY
SOLAR ENERGY iis the h light
li h and d radiant
di h
heat
from the sun that influences Earth climate and
weather, and sustains life;
life;
Solar energy produces electricity directly by
photovoltaic effects and indirectly by radiant
h t converted
heat t d to
t steam
t to
t drive
d i turbine
t bi
generator;
Earth receives averagely 5 kWh /sq.M//sq
sq.M
sq M /Day
from solar radiant;
Electricity Direct From Sunlight

When sunlight
sunlight--photon hits a photovoltaic
cell (PV) and this is being absorbed by
the semiconductor (silicon), the solar
energy of the photon is passed to an
electron in one of the atoms of the
semiconductor the electron breaks away
semiconductor,
from its atom
atom,, thus electricity is generated.
Sun--Photons striking surface of PV
Sun
 Flow of Electrons (electricity)
connected to an external circuit.
RESIDENTIAL PV SOLAR PANEL
 OFF--GRID: PV STAND
OFF STAND--ALONE
PNOC’s Solar Home System Division has
installed 15,000 Photovoltaics (PV) in remote
areas ; andd
In addition, has committed to install 40,000 PV
Cells in the next 5 years as part of their program
to provide electricity for the rural villages.
Off--Grid, No. of PV Cells Installation
Off
in the Philippines
PNOC’ss Solar Home System Division has
PNOC
installed 15,000 Photovoltaics (PV) in rural
areas ; and
In addition has committed to install 40,000 PV
Cells in the next 5 years as part of their program
to provide electricity for remote villages.
Net--Metering
Net g (On-
(On
( -Grid))
ON-GRID: 1 MW PV Power Plant of
ON-
CEPALCO connectedt d tto a 13.8
13 8 KV
Distribution Substation
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
produces electricity indirectly
CSP technologies use mirrors to reflect
and concentrate sunlight onto receivers
that collect solar energy and convert it into
heat producing steam to drive a turbine-
turbine-
generator that generate electricity.
electricity
Three Types of CSP:
a) Parabolic-
Parabolic-Trough System
b) Power Tower System
y
c) Dish/Engine System
CSP BASIC UNIT
Parabolic--Trough Schematic Diagram
Parabolic
Parabolic-Trough Solar
Parabolic-
P
Power Plant
Pl t
Power Tower Schematic Diagram
POWER TOWER SOLAR PLANT
A Unit of a Solar Dish / Engine
Basic Dish / Engine Unit
DISH / ENGINE SOLAR FIELD
 WIND ENERGY

Energy received from the wind movement

across the earth. This energy is the result
of the heating of our ocean,
ocean earth
earth, and
atmosphere by the sun
sun..
I operation
In ti is
i a 33 MW wind
wind-
i d-turbine
t bi ffarm
plant in Bangui, ILOCOS, Norte;
Potential reserve is about 76,600 MW;
MW;
20 UNITS OF WIND FARM TURBINE
TOWERS, BANGUI, ILOCOS NORTE
 Hydro Power Resources
There are several types of hydroelectric
facilities; they are all powered by the
kinetic energy of flowing water as it
moves downstream;
L
Large h
hydropower
d projects
j t carried
i d iissues off
social acceptability due to community
di l
dislocations
ti andd environmental
i t l concerns
(wildlife habitat destruction, floodings
floodings,, etc.);
HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Kinetic Energy
Geothermal
Geot e a Energy
e gy Resources
esou ces

Geothermal power is energy from

naturally occurring heat stored in the
earth or the collection of absorbed
earth,
heat derived from underground;
Proven potential reserves is about
1,200 MW;
MW;
C
Concerns off existing
i ti hot
h t spring/spa
i /
industry being affected by the operation
off near-
near-by
b geothermal
th l plants.
l t
A GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
 ABOUT BIOMASS

These are organic matters available on

renewable basis, such as agricultural
crops,, aquatic plants, animal, municipal
crops
and wood wastes;
Environmental issues, such as food vs.
energy
gy security;
securityy;
y;
BIOMASS Power Plant Flow Diagram
 OCEAN ENERGY

The oceans remain a vast untapped

source of renewable energy in the form of
fluid flow (currents,
(currents, waves and tides)
tides)
and thermal and salinity gradients;
Reserve potential capacity is 170,000 MW;
MW;
OCEAN CURRENTS
 OCEAN CURRENT: Potential Sites

In San Bernardino Strait,

Strait,
between the provinces of
Sorsogon & Samar and in
Surigao Strait, between Leyte
And Surigao
Surigao..
INTERMITTENT RE RESOURCES
(R A 9513
(R.A. 9513, S
Sec. 20)
Classified as intermittent RE resources are
wind, solar, run-
run-ofof--river hydro and ocean
energy shall be considered “must“must dispatch”
dispatch”
based on available energy and shall enjoy the
benefit of priority dispatch………;
However, Transco or its successors-
successors-in
in--interest,
in consultation with stakeholders, shall determine
the maximum penetration limit of the
intermittent RE-
RE-based power plants to the Grid Grid,,
through technical and economic analysis……
analysis
Renewable Energy’s
Energy s Limitations
Under R.A. 9513:
9513: wind,, solar,, run-
run-of
of--river hydro
y
and ocean energy are considered as intermittent
sources of energy;
Large Hydropower during summer, is constrained
in its electricity generation;
Biomass energy is confronted with issues on food
vs. energy security;
The Philippines is visited by 20 typhoons yearly
that restrain operation of some renewable energy
facilities.
facilities
Summary of Potential RE Resources

Geothermal Resources–
Resources– 1,200 MW
Hydropower
Hydro
y power– – 10,500 MW
Micro--Hydro–
Micro Hydro– vast potential
Wind Resources–
Resources– 76 600 MW
76,600
Solar Energy
Energy–– Average 5 kWh/sq m./day
Ocean Energy–
Energy– 170,000 MW
Biomass (bagasse
(bagasse))– 235 MW
 RE Development Updates
As of Sept. 2010, 205 RE contracts has been
awarded by DOE to: 33 RE existing plants; 163
are classified as pre-
pre-development contracts;
and 9 contracts already have reached at the
development stage
These new RE projects would add 1,636 MW
new capacity in our power system and will be in
in--
line within the next 5 years
The investment of these 172 new RE facilities is
estimated at P87 billions.
billions
END OF PRESENTATION

THANK YOU