THE HYPERBOLA

STUDENTS:
- JULIO ARAMAYO
- ALAN BELMONTT
- GRACE PIZO
- KEVIN VIDAL
- AMANDA ZEGARRA

INTRODUCTION: We will investigate the hyperbola, we will see what it is, it's application and
some graphics that will help us understand the topic in a more simple and didactive way.
 OBJECTIVE: The objective of doing a research about this topic is that people can know what it
is, and how it applies to different areas of the cotidian life.

HYPOTHESIS: While researching more about this topic we can define how the hyperbole can be
used on simple objects, even on architecture and other ambits.

THEORETICAL FRAME

A hyperbole shows two open branches. Both face opposite directions.

The eccentricity of the hyperbole is calculated according to the aperture of the branches of the
hyperbole. This excentricity is found by dividing the half of the real axis distance with the half of
the Semi-major axis distance.

Hyperbola elements:

● Real axis: The line that goes through the two foci of the hyperbola.
It corresponds to symmetric axis of said geometric figure. It's also called the transversal axis.

● Secondary Axis: It's the placeholder of the FF segment

●Secondary axis: is the mediatrix of the segment FF' (line passing through points B and B'). In
addition, it is a line perpendicular to the focal axis and is another axis of symmetry of the
hyperbola.
● Center (O): It is the point of intersection of the two axes and the midpoint of the two vertices
and the two foci. Since the hyperbola has two axes of symmetry, it is also the symmetrical
center.
● Vertexes (A and A'): are the points where the branches of the hyperbola are cut with the focal
axis. (Amanda)
● Radio Vertex (R): are the segments that go from any point of the hyperbola to each focus.
● Focal length: is the length of the composite segment between the two foci.
● Major or real axis: it is the segment that goes from point A to point A', its length is equivalent
to 2a
● Minor or imaginary axis: it is the segment that goes from point B to point B', its length is
equivalent to 2b

● Asymptotes: In geometry, a straight line prolonged indefinitely, that progresely gets close
tu a curve without never really touching it.

Conic or conic section: These are all the curves resulting from the different intersections between
a cone and a plane.
Hyperboles are also defined as conic sections that are obtained at the intersection of a plane with
a pair of cones. The plane cuts both bases of the cones at a certain angle.

Relations between the elements of the hyperbole:

In the first place, a half of an axis is called semi axis. For example, the real semi axis is the
segment that goes from the point A to the center of the hyperbola.
Thus there is a very important relationship between the real semi-axis, the imaginary semi-axis
and the focal half-distance. In fact, the formula that we will deduce below is used quite a lot to
solve exercises and hyperbola problems.
You should know that the points B and B' of a hyperbola correspond to the points where the
main axis and the imaginary circumference of radius (focal half-distance) with center at point A
intersect. Consequently, as you can see in the following graphical representation, the segment
that joins point A and point B coincides with the radius of that circumference.

In a way that it can be demonstrated through the Pythagora thoeram that the relation between the
parameters a, b and c is the next:

The general hyperbole equation is: Ax²– Cy² + Dx + Ey + F = 0

But the general canonical equation is:

Horizontal and vertical hyperboles:

The hyperboloid figure:
Before moving on to the applications, it is necessary to define what is a hyperboloid figure. A
hyperboloid figure is a figure created by rotating a hyperbola around one of its axes of
symmetry. Rotation around the conjugate axis produces a hyperboloid of a leaf. Rotation around
the transverse axis creates a two-leaf hyperboloid.

One leaf: Two leaf:

The hyperboloid equation:

Horizontal and vertical hyperboles:

SOME APPLICATIONS OF THE HYPERBOLA:

The hyperbolic figure can be seen applied in these objects since due to its practical use in most of these
objects it gives them greater stability and helps them to better fulfill their function.

Optical lenses:
The hyperbolic figure on this object helps to hold the Lenses in addition to adapting to all types of nose.

Hourglasses:
The hyperbolic figure helps the hourglass to better fulfill its function due to its curves, also providing
balance.

Gear transmission:

The gears have skewed shafts and have a hourglass shape that give it the hyperbolic shape. Two
hyperboloids can transmit motion between two inclined axes.
Sonic boom:
As an airplane moves faster than the speed of sound, a cone-shaped wave is formed. The part of
the cone that intersects with the ground is a hyperbola. The sonic boom hits every point on that
curve at the same time.

No sound is heard outside the curve.

Applications in architecture:

The Kobe Port Tower:

(located in Japan)

There are also buildings that have the shape of an hourglass and contain both branches of
hyperbola. An example of this is the Kobe Port Tower in Japan. The tower is completely
symmetrical.
Refrigerators of nuclear power plants:

The hyperboloid is the standard design for all cooling towers of nuclear plants and some coal-
fired power plants. These towers are structurally efficient and can be built with straight steel
beams.
The design of cooling towers focuses mainly on two problems:

● The structure must be strong enough to withstand strong winds.

● Towers should be built with as little material as possible.

The hyperbolic shape of cooling towers solves both problems. These towers are very resistant.
For a given diameter and height of the tower and for a given force it must withstand, this shape
requires less material than any other shape.
(Grace)

The Shukhov Tower in Polybinus:

It consists of the horizontal circular sections, connected by straight steel beams placed at an
angle to the vertical tower, creating a rotation, which creates additional strength.

(Created in 1896, it is the world's first diagrid hyperboloid structure)

Washington-Dulles Airport in United States:

Some buildings are shaped like a hyperbolic paraboloid. A hyperbolic paraboloid is a three-
dimensional curve that is a hyperbola in one cross section and a parabola in another cross
section.

Adziogol Lighthouse:
The Adziogol lighthouse is one of two steel hyperboloid structures that function as lighthouses in
the Dnieper estuary, Ukraine. At 64 m high, this is one of the 20 tallest lighthouses in the world.

● Height: 64 m
 ● Diameter in the central part: 16 m

Lighthouse hyperbola equation

Taking into account data such as:
Major axis: 2a= 16
a=8
Minor axis: 2b= 64
2b= 32

Replacing the Pythagorean equation we find the focal length.

For hyperbolas opening right and left the foci are defined as ( h + c, + k) (h-c, k)
F:(32.98;0) . ( -32.98;0)

Equation:

● Calculation of eccentricity

Calculation of asymptotes that open to the left or right

● Graphic:

Cathedral of Brasilia
This structure is the result of 16 identical assembled concrete columns. Each column has a
hyperbolic shape and weighs 90 tons, the set of these represents hands towards the sky, the
cathedral has 4 bells donated by the Spaniards, the dimensions and weight of the sculptures are
2.22 m in length and 10 kg the smallest, 3.40 m in length and 200 the average kg; and 4.25 m in
length and 300 kg the largest.

Equation:

Graphic:
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude with all this that hyperbola is a very interesting and easy to
understand topic, it is something that you can see in many structures or objects in your daily life.
(Amanda)

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

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