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4 Geometrical Construction

This document provides instructions for constructing geometric shapes using different methods. It includes steps to construct ellipses using the concentric circle and rectangle methods, with examples given for ellipses with major and minor axes of 100mm and 70mm respectively. Instructions are also given for constructing a parabola representing the path of a ball thrown upwards, reaching a height of 100m and traveling horizontally 150m, using the rectangle method of construction.

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TAE. J.S
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12 views23 pages

4 Geometrical Construction

This document provides instructions for constructing geometric shapes using different methods. It includes steps to construct ellipses using the concentric circle and rectangle methods, with examples given for ellipses with major and minor axes of 100mm and 70mm respectively. Instructions are also given for constructing a parabola representing the path of a ball thrown upwards, reaching a height of 100m and traveling horizontally 150m, using the rectangle method of construction.

Uploaded by

TAE. J.S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Syllabus

• Fundamentals Drawing standard - BIS, dimensioning, lettering, type of lines, scaling


conventions.
• Orthographic projection: Introduction to orthographic projection, drawing
orthographic views of objects from their isometric views - Orthographic projections of
points lying in four quadrants. Orthographic projection of lines parallel and inclined to
one or both planes Orthographic projection of planes inclined to one or both planes.
• Projections of simple solids: axis perpendicular to HP, axis perpendicular to VP and
axis inclined to one and both planes.
• Sectioning of solids: Section planes perpendicular to one plane and parallel or inclined
to other plane.
• Intersection of surfaces: Intersection of cylinder & cylinder, intersection of cylinder &
cone, and intersection of prisms.
• Development of surfaces: Development of prisms, pyramids and cylindrical & conical
surfaces. Isometric and perspective projection Isometric projection and isometric views
of different planes and simple solids, introduction to perspective projection.
Geometrical Constructions
• Bisect a Line and an Arc

Bisector to a line AB Bisector to a circular arc AB


Geometrical Constructions
• Perpendicular from a Point on the Line
Geometrical Constructions
• Perpendicular from a Point outside the Line
• Parallel Lines
• Divide a line into equal parts

• Divide a line in a given proportion


• Angle Bisector Centre of an Arc or Circle
• Circle Through Three Points

• Divide a circle Tangent from a Point on the Circle


• Tangent from a Point outside the Circle

• Tangent to an Arc from a Point on it


• Tangent To Two Circles (a) Exterior (b) Interior

• Arc to Connect Two Straight Lines


Polygons
• Construction of Regular Polygons (General Methods)

(a) pentagon (b) heptagon


Construction of a Regular Hexagon

• Construction of A Triangle with Given Length of Sides


Equilateral Triangle

• Rectangle and Square of Given Length of Sides


• Square with a Given Length of Diagonals

• Construction of a Regular Pentagon


• Construction of a Regular Hexagon

• Inscribe Polygon in a Circle


• General Method to Inscribe a Polygon
• Circumscribe Polygon to a Circle
• Inscribe a Circle in a Triangle

• Inscribe a Circle in the Quadrant


• Inscribe a Circle in a Regular Polygon

• Inscribe a Number of Equal Circles


Inside a Given Circle
Draw these figures
Ellipse by Concentric Circle Method
• Problem 1:- Draw an ellipse by concentric circle method. Take the major axis 100 mm
and the minor axis 70 mm long.
Steps: 3
2 4
1. Draw both axes as perpendicular bisectors of
each other & name their ends as shown.
C
2. Taking their intersecting point as a center,
1 5
draw two concentric circles considering both 3
2 4
as respective diameters.
3. Divide both circles into 12 equal parts & 1 5
name them as shown.
A B
4. From all points of the outer circle draw
vertical lines downwards and upwards
respectively. 10 6
5. From all points of the inner circle draw 10 9 7 6
horizontal lines to intersect those vertical 8
lines. D

6. Mark all intersecting points properly as


those are the points on the ellipse. 9 7
7. Join all these points along with the ends of 8

both axes in the smooth possible curve. It is


a required ellipse.
Ellipse by Rectangle Method
Draw ellipse by Rectangle method. Take the major axis 100 mm and the minor axis 70
mm long. D
4 4

3 3
Steps: 2
2
1. Draw a rectangle taking major
and minor axes as sides. 1 1
2. In this rectangle draw both axes
as perpendicular bisectors of A B
each other.
3. For construction, select upper
left part of rectangle. Divide
vertical small side and
horizontal long side into same
number of equal parts.( here
divided in four parts)
C
4. Name those as shown. Now join all vertical points 1,2,3,4, to the upper end of minor axis and all
horizontal points i.e.1,2,3,4 to the lower end of minor axis.
5. Then extend C-1 line upto D-1 and mark that point. Similarly extend C-2, C-3, C-4 lines up to D-2, D-3,
& D-4 lines.
6. Mark all these points properly and join all along with ends A and D in smooth possible curve. Do similar
construction in the right side part.
7. Along with lower half of the rectangle.Join all points in smooth curve. It is required ellipse.
Parabola Rectangle Method
A ball thrown in the air attains 100 m height and covers a horizontal distance of 150 m
on the ground. Draw the path of the ball (projectile).

Steps: 6 6
1.Draw rectangle of above size and
divide it in two equal vertical parts 5
5
2.Consider left part for construction.
Divide height and length in equal
number of parts and name those 4 4
1,2,3,4,5& 6
3.Join vertical 1,2,3,4,5 & 6 to the
top center of rectangle 3 3
4.Similarly draw upward vertical
lines from horizontal1,2,3,4,5
And wherever these lines intersect 2 2
previously drawn inclined lines in
sequence Mark those points and
further join in smooth possible curve. 1 1
5.Repeat the construction on right side
rectangle also.Join all in sequence.
This locus is Parabola. 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
.

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