Data Structures & Algorithms Lab

Lab Journal 1
Give answers to the following
1. Write the prototype of a function named fnct() which accepts an array of integers, a
pointer to double, a float by reference and returns a character.
Char fnct( int a[],double *p,float &b )
{
Char character;
return character;
}
2. Write statements as directed:
int main()
{
int a[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
int *p;
p = a;
//Print the elements of array using the mentioned notation:
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
//Subscript notation with name of array
cout << "a[" << i << "] = " << a[i] <<endl;
}
//Subscript notation with pointer 'p'
for (int j = 0; j <= 4; ++j)
{
cout << "pointer[" << j << "] = " << p[j] << endl;
}
//Offset notation using array name
for (int offset = 0; offset <= 4; ++offset)
{
cout << "*(a + " << offset << ") = " << *(a + offset) <<endl;
}
//Offset notation using pointer 'p'
 for (int offset1 = 0; offset1 <= 4; ++offset1)
{
cout << "*(p + " << offset1 << ") = " << *(p + offset1) << endl;
}
3. What is the difference between function overloading and function overriding?

Function Overloading Function Overriding

In function overloading, two or more Function overriding permit us to
functions can own the same name, but redefine a method with the same name
the parameters will be different. and signature
There is no requirement of the In function overriding, we need an
inheritance concept here. inheritance concept.
In the case of function overloading, the In the case of function overriding, the
signatures should be different. signatures should be the same.
We can use it as an example of compile We can use it as an example of run time
time polymorphism. polymorphism

4. Write C++ statement(s) to allocate space for 10 doubles (using dynamic memory
allocation).
double *ptr;
ptr = new double[10];
5. Study the given program and determine what the program is intended to do. (Hint:
Dry run the program with array {1,2,1,2,3} and analyze the output).
The given array will display the valuses as it is but if we give repeated value to a
arraylike {2,2} then it display 2 one time otherwise it display the given array as it is.

2. Write a C++ function which accepts an array of integers and the size of the array and finds :
a. Sum of the elements in the array b. Average of the array elements c. Minimum and
maximum values in the array (Hint: Declare array of 10 integers.)
CODE:
#include <iostream>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;
// function to return sum of elements
// in an array of size n
int sum(int arr[], int n)
{
int sum = 0, i;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
sum += arr[i];
}
return sum;
}
// function to return average of elements
// in an array of size n
float average(int arr[], int n)
{
int sum = 0, i;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
sum += arr[i];
}

return sum / n;
}
//function to return maximum num of elements
// in an array of size n
int maximum(int arr[], int n)
{
int i;
int max = arr[0];
for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
{
if (arr[i] > max)
max = arr[i];
}
return max;
}
// function to return minimum num of elements
// in an array of size n
int minimum(int arr[], int n)
{
int i;
int min = arr[0];
for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
 {
if (arr[i] < min)
min = arr[i];
}
return min;
}
int main()
{
int x, n;
cout << "Enter the number of items:" << "\n";
cin >> n;
int *arr = new int(n);
cout << "Enter " << n << " items" << endl;
for (x = 0; x < n; x++) {
cin >> arr[x];
}
cout << "You entered: " << endl;
for (x = 0; x < n; x++) {
cout << arr[x] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "Sum of given array is " << sum(arr, n);
cout << endl;
cout << "Average of given array is " << average(arr, n);
cout << endl;
cout << "maximum of given array is " << maximum(arr, n);
cout << endl;
cout << "minimum of given array is " << minimum(arr, n);
cout << endl;
system("pause");
_getch();
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
3. Create a class Matrix to model 2x2 matrices. Provide a default and parameterized constructor to
assign values to the matrix. Using a member function, overload the ‘+’ operator to add two matrices.
Likewise, overload the ‘ ’ operator to find the determinant of the matrix. Also provide a display()
member function to print the matrix. In the main program, create an object of class Matrix and call its
member functions.

CODE:

#include <iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class matrix
{
int m, n, x[12][10];
public:
matrix() :m(0), n(0) //default constructor
{}
matrix(int a, int b) //paramatized constructor
{
m = a;
n = b;
}

void getdata()
{
cout << "\n Enter values into the matrix" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i<m; i++)
for (int j = 0; j<n; j++)
 cin >> x[i][j];
}
void display()
{
cout << "\n Given matrix is" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i<m; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j<n; j++)
cout << x[i][j] << "\t";
cout << endl;
}
}
matrix operator +(matrix b)
{
matrix c(m, n);
for (int i = 0; i<m; i++)
for (int j = 0; j<n; j++)
c.x[i][j] = x[i][j] + b.x[i][j];
return c;
}
int operator ~()
{
int det;
det = ((x[0][0] * x[1][1]) - (x[1][0] * x[0][1]));
cout << "Determinant of matrix is ::";
cout << det;
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
};
int main()
{
int m, n;
cout << "\n Enter the size of the array" << endl;
cin >> m >> n;
matrix a(m, n), b(m, n), c;
a.getdata();
b.getdata();
c = a + b;
c.display();
~c;
system("pause");
_getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT: