Indicator Question Answer

Infer from the results of the α- In an α-particle scattering experiment, a student set up the apparatus below to determine the number n of α-particle A
particle scattering experiment incident per unit time on a detector held at various angles θ.
the existence and small size of
the nucleus

Which of the following graphs best represents the variation of n with θ from 0 to 90o?

What is a conclusion from the alpha-particle scattering experiment? C

A. Protons and electrons have equal but opposite charges.
B. Protons have a much larger mass than electrons.
C. The nucleus contains most of the mass of the atom.
A. The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons.
Describe a simple model for Which of the following models can describe the nuclear atom? C
the nuclear atom to include A. John Dalton’s atomic model
protons, neutrons and orbital B. JJ Thomson’s model
electrons C. Ernest Rutherford’s model
D. Schrodinger’s model
Which of the following is a drawbacks of Rutherford's atomic model? B
A. Atoms aren’t indivisible
B. Did not explain why electrons remain in orbit around the nucleus
C. Atoms composed from subatomic particles
D. No experimental pieces of evidence provided
Distinguish between nucleon The atom 238
92𝑈 is a neutral atom. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in this atom? A
number and proton number A. Proton: 92, Neutrons: 146, and Electrons: 92
B. Proton: 92, Neutrons: 238, and Electrons: 92
 C. Proton: 92, Neutrons: 146, and Electrons: 146
D. Proton: 146, Neutrons: 146, and Electrons: 92

Caesium-133 has 55 protons. How many neutrons and electrons does it have? B
A. 55 neutrons and 133 electrons
B. 78 neutrons and 55 electrons
C. 55 neutrons and 78 electrons
D. 133 neutrons and 55 electrons
Understand that isotopes are One of the rows in the table shows a pair of nuclei that are isotopes of one another. Which row is it? B
forms of the same element Nucleon Number Number of neutrons
with different numbers of 39 19
neutrons in their nuclei A
35 22
37 20
B
35 18
37 18
C
35 20
35 20
D
35 18
One of the rows in the table shows a pair of nuclei that are isotopes of one another. Which row is it? C
Nucleon Number Number of neutrons
186 112
A
180 118
184 110
B
187 110
186 112
C
182 108
186 110
D
186 112
Understand and use the When a californium atom reacts with an unknown element X, the following reaction occurs. D
notation (Z^A)X for the 252 10 1
98𝐶𝑓 + 𝑌𝑋 → 3 0𝑛 + 103𝐿𝑟
𝑍

representation of nuclides Determine the values of Y and Z.

A. 3 and 261
B. 5 and 261
C. 3 and 259
D. 5 and 259
Understand that nucleon Which two particles have opposite charges? B
number and charge are A. alpha-particle and helium nucleus
conserved in nuclear B. antiproton and beta-plus particle
processes C. beta-minus particle and electron
D. positron and proton
Describe the composition, When β- particles are emitted from identical nuclei in a substance, which of the following remain constant? B
mass and charge of α-, β- and A. Proton number of nuclei
γ-radiations (both β– B. Nucleon umber of the nuclei
(electrons) and β+ (positrons) C. Neutron number of the nuclei
are included) D. Energy of the β particles.
Which type of radioactive decay doesn’t change the atomic number? C
A. Alpha
B. Beta
C. Gamma
D. All forms of radioactive decay affect the atomic number
The following statements are about α-particles. Which is correct? A
A. α-particles emitted from a single radioactive isotope have a continuous distribution of energies
B. α-particles have less ionising power than β-particles
C. the speed of α-particles can be as high as 1.5 × 107 𝑚/𝑠
D. the charge of an α-particles is +1.6 × 107 C
Which two particles have opposite charges? B
A. alpha-particle and helium nucleus
B. antiproton and beta-plus particle
C. beta-minus particle and electron
D. positron and proton
State that (electron) An unstable nucleus decays by emitting a β+particle. C
antineutrinos are produced Which statement is correct?
during β– decay and (electron) A. An antineutrino is also emitted.
neutrinos are produced during B. A neutron changes into a proton.
β+ decay C. Mass–energy is conserved.
D. The nucleon number is not conserved
Represent α- and β-decay by a A nucleus of Uranium-238 decays by emitting α-particles to produce a nucleus of Thorium. The decay is represented by D
radioactive decay equation of 238 𝑥
92𝑈 → 𝑦𝑇ℎ + 𝛼
the form (_92^238)U → State the number of x and y.
(_90^234)Th+ (_2^4)α x y
A 92 236
B 92 234
C 90 236
D 90 234
Understand that a quark is a A positively charged meson consists of a quark and an antiquark. What could be the quark and antiquark? D
fundamental particle and that A. charm and antiup
there are six flavours (types) B. down and antitop
of quark: up, down, strange, C. strange and antibottom
charm, top and bottom D. up and antistrange
 A neutron is composed of one up (u) quark and two down (d) quarks. When a neutron decays to a proton, a beta-particle is B
emitted. What is the change in the quark structure of the neutron due to the emission of the beta-particle? (The symbol for
a neutrino is 𝑣𝑒 and for an antineutrino is 𝑣̅𝑒 .)
A. d → u + – + 𝑣𝑒
B. d → u + – + 𝑣̅𝑒
C. u → d + + + 𝑣𝑒
D. u → d + + + 𝑣̅𝑒
Recall that protons and Which of the following statement is the way physicists found fundamental particles? C
neutrons are not fundamental A. By observing at the particles produced by low energy collisions
particles and describe protons B. By α-scattering experiment which held by Rutherford
and neutrons in terms of their C. By looking at cosmic rays, which are particles that arrive at the Earth from outer space
quark composition D. By comparing α particle decay with β particle decay
A ρ-meson is made up of an up quark and an antidown quark. The charge of ρ-meson is the same as … A
A. Proton
B. Electron
C. Neutron
D. Alpha particle

Understand that a hadron may These are the way of quark to combine and produce hadrons: D
be either a baryon (consisting 1. A quark called meson
of three quarks) or a meson 2. A quark and an antiquark called mesons
(consisting of one quark and 3. Two antiquark called baryons
one antiquark) 4. Three quarks make up called baryons
Which of the following statement below is correct?
A. 1 and 2
B. 3 and 4
C. 1 and 3
D. 2 and 4
Describe the changes to quark A uranium-238 nucleus, U, 238 92 undergoes a series of nuclear decays to form uranium-234, U. 234 92 Which series of C
composition that take place decays could give this result?
during β– and β+ decay A. emission of four – particles
B. emission of four -rays
C. emission of one -particle and two – particles
D. emission of two -particles and eight – particles
Recall that electrons and Which list of particles contains only fundamental particles? D
neutrinos are fundamental A. antineutrino, beta, meson
particles called leptons B. baryon, neutrino, positron
C. electron, neutrino, alpha
D. lepton, quark, positron
Which particle is a lepton? B
 A. meson
B. positron
C. proton
D. quark
Define the radian and express The mass of a car is 1600 kg. It turns with an angular speed of 4 rad/s which causes the driver to experience a centripetal B
angular displacement in force of 8600N. What is the radius of the roundabout?
radians A. 74 m
B. 86 m
C. 92 m
D. 172 m
Understand and use the A girl is playing a game of swing ball. The game consists of a ball attached by a short rope to the top of a pole to rotate C
concept of angular speed about it. The ball is kept it motion in a circular path after being hit by a bat. If the ball rotates by 30o in 0.7 s. What is the
angular velocity of the ball?
A. 7 π rad/s
B. 0.70 π rad/s
C. 0.12 π rad/s
D. 0.60 π rad/s
Recall and use ω = 2π/ T and A tier rotates with a top speed, the centrifuge makes 8 full rotation every a second. Calculate the angular velocity! C
v = rω A. 2 π rad/s
B. 8 π rad/s
C. 16 π rad/s
D. 32 π rad/s
Recall and use ω = 2π/ T and Based from the previous question. What is the average speed of the tier horizontally to the road if the diameter of the tier is B
v = rω 1 m?
A. 2 π rad/s
B. 8 π rad/s
C. 16 π rad/s
D. 32 π rad/s
Understand that a force of When a force of constant magnitude always acts perpendicular to the motion of a particle result to … C
constant magnitude that is A. Constant velocity
always perpendicular to the B. Constant acceleration
direction of motion causes C. Centripetal acceleration
centripetal acceleration D. None of these
Understand that centripetal A teacher swings a bucket of water, of total mass 5.4 kg, round in a vertical circle of diameter 1.8 m. Assuming that the B
acceleration causes circular speed remains constant, what will be the force on the teacher’s hand when the bucket at the bottom of the circle?
motion with a constant A. 1 m/s
angular speed B. 3 m/s
C. 5 m/s
D. 7 m/s
Recall and use a = rω2 and a This diagram shows part of the track of a roller coaster ride in which a truck loops the loop. When the truck is at the A
= v2 /r position shown, there is no reaction force between the wheels of the truck and the track.

The diameter of the loop in the track is 8.0 m. If the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s, calculate the speed of the truck!
A. 63 m/s
B. 68 m/s
C. 27 m/s
D. 48 m/s
Recall and use F = mrω2 and The diagram shows a rubber bung, of mass 200 g, on the end of a length of string being swung in a horizontal circle of A
F = mv2 /r radius 40 cm. the string makes an angle of 56 0 with the vertical.

Calculate the angular speed of the bung.

A. 5 rad/s
B. 10 rad/s
C. 15 rad/s
D. 20 rad/s
Identify the centripetal forces
of several systems
Recall and use a = rω2 and a This diagram shows a centrifuge used to separate solid particles suspended in a liquid of lower density. The container is D
= v2 /r spun at a rate of 540 revolutions per minute.

Calculate the angular velocity of the container!

A. 24 rad/s
B. 79.5 rad/s
C. 32 rad/s
D. 56.5 rad/s
Understand and use the terms A mass, hung from a spring, oscillates with simple harmonic motion. Which statement is correct? C
displacement, amplitude, A. The force on the mass is directly proportional to the angular frequency of the oscillation
period, frequency, angular B. The force on the mass is greatest when the displacement of the bob is greatest.
frequency and phase C. The force on the mass in greatest when the speed of the bob is greatest.
difference in the context of D. The force on the mass is inversely proportional to the time period of the oscillation.
oscillations, and express the
period in terms of both
frequency and angular
frequency
Understand that simple A pendulum consists of a bob (small metal sphere) attached to the end of a piece of string. The other end of the string is
harmonic motion occurs when attached to a fixed point. The bob oscillates with small oscillations about its equilibrium position, as shown in picture
acceleration is proportional to below.
displacement from a fixed
point and in the opposite
direction.

The length L of the pendulum, measured from the fixed point to the centre of the bob, is 1.24m. Which of the graph below
describe the oscillates?

A. B.
 C. D
Use a = –ω2x and recall and A pendulum oscillates with frequency 1.5 Hz and amplitude 0.10 m. If is passing through its equilibrium position when t = A
use, as a solution to this 0, write an equation to represent its displacement x in terms of amplitude 𝑥𝑜 , angular frequency ω and time t. Determine
equation, x = x0 sin ωt its displacement when t = 0.50 s.
A. −8.2 × 10−3 m
B. 8.2 × 10−3 m
C. 4.6 × 10−3 m
D. −4.6 × 10−3 m

Analyse and interpret This graph shows the displacement of a material as it vibrates between two points. A
graphical representations of
the variations of
displacement, velocity and
acceleration for simple
harmonic motion.

How the graph of the velocity will look like?

A.
 B.

C.

D.
Understand and use the terms Determine the frequency of the period of the oscillation describe by this graph. C
displacement, amplitude,
period, frequency, angular
frequency and phase
difference in the context of
oscillations, and express the
period in terms of both
frequency and angular
frequency
A. 0.5 Hz
B. 0.25 Hz
C. 0.125 Hz
D. 0.05 Hz

Describe the interchange A 50 grams ball is attached to a securely clamped spring. The mass is pulled downwards by 16 mm and released, which C
between kinetic and potential causes it to oscillate with s.h.m. of time period of 0.84 s. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the mass and state at
energy during simple which point in the oscillation it will have this velocity.
harmonic motion A. 1.2 × 10−4 J
B. 2.4 × 10−4 J
 C. 3.6 × 10−4 J
D. 7.2 × 10−4 J
Recall and use E = 1/2mω²x0² How much energy must the shock absorbers of a 1200 kg car dissipate in order to damp a bounce that initially has a B
for the total energy of a velocity of 0.800 m/s at the equilibrium position? Assume the car returns to its original vertical position.
system undergoing simple A. 284 J
harmonic motion B. 384 J
C. 484 J
D. 584 J
Understand that a resistive If a car has a suspension system with a force constant of 5.00×10 4 N/m, how much energy must the car’s shocks remove to D
force acting on an oscillating dampen an oscillation starting with a maximum displacement of 0.0750 m?
system causes damping A. 391 J
B. 280 J
C. 233 J
D. 141 J
Understand and use the terms During earthquakes, building are forces to oscillates by the vibrations of the earth. Buildings may be built on foundations D
light, critical and heavy that absorb the energy of the shock waves which then called damping.
damping and sketch
displacement–time graphs
illustrating these types of
damping

From the figure above, which of the graph that show the critical damping?
A. Dotted graph
B. Red graph
C. Green graph
D. Blue graph
Understand that resonance Pendulum clocks are made to run at the correct rate by adjusting the pendulum’s length. Suppose you move from one city D
involves a maximum to another where the acceleration due to gravity is slightly greater, taking your pendulum clock with you, what you should
amplitude of oscillations and you do to keep the pendulum to oscillate with its natural frequency?
that this occurs when an A. Pull the pendulum further than the initial angle
oscillating system is forced to B. Change the mass with smaller mass
oscillate at its natural C. Shortened the length of the pendulum
frequency D. Increase the pendulum length