SABIN GHIMIRE

AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR

dxŒjk"0f{ /fli6«o ;d;fdlos ultljlw

 g]kfn ;/sf/4f/f /fli6«o lzIff lbj; czf]h @ df dgfpg] lg0f{o
lj;+ @)*) h]i7 (  lj;+ @)#! af6 kmfNu'0f !@ ut] dgfpg] ul/Psf]
 kl5 @)^@÷^# sf] kl/jt{gkl5 cGt/f{li6«o lzIff lbj;sf] cj;/df ;]K6]Da/ * df dgfpg] ul/Psf]
.
 sfldl/tf z]kf{4f/f @* cfF} k6s ;u/dfyfsf] ;kmn cf/f]x0f u/L ljZj lslt{dfg sfod -@& cfF
lj;+ @)*) h]i7 ( cf/f]x0f M lj;+ @)*) h]i7 #_

lj;+ @)*) h]i7 @  hgcfGbf]ng @)^@÷^# sf lhpFbf] zxLb elg lrlgg] 3fO{t] ag]kfsf d's]z sfoZynfO{ /fli6«o
zxLb 3f]if0ff
 pgsf] lgwg M lj;+ @)*) a}zfv @& ut] ePsf] lyof] .

Book Free Day : Friday sf7df08f} dxfgu/kflnsf

jjfx ug'{cl3 j8f sfof{noaf6 ljjfx ug]{ pd]/ k'u]sf] of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq k]; uf]nGhf]/ uf=kf, l;Gw'nL
u/L l;kmfl/; lng'kg]{ Joj:yf
ljjfxk"j{ Aofhn/ kf; ug]{ 5fqfx?nfO{ ?= ! nfv lbg] 3f]if0ff dl/0f uf=kf, l;Gw'nL
g]kfns} klxnf] kf]if0fd}qL :jf:Yo;+:yf ;lxtsf] :yflgo tx -@)*) h]i7 &_ u'NdL b/af/ uf=kf, u'NdL
;u/dfyf cf/f]x0fdf gofF lslt{dfgsf] rfª
 sfldl/tf z]kf{4f/f @& cfF} k6s cf/f]x0f M lj;+ @)*) h]i7 # -@^ cf}F cf/f]x0f M lj;+ @)&( a}zfv @$_
 kf;fªbfjf z]kf{4f/f @& cf}F k6s cf/f]x0f M lj;+ @)*) h]i7 * -@^ cf}F cf/f]x0f M lj;+ @)*) a}zfv #!_
 b'a} v'6\6f gePsf xl/axfb'/ a'9f du/4f/f cf/f]x0f M lj;+ @)*) h]i7 %
g]kfn 6]lnsd4f/f Pdl8PdP; k"0f{?kdf nfu'
 MDMS : Mobile Device Management System
 nfu" ePsf] M lj=;+= @)&( efb| #) -lardf k|wfgdGqLsf] lgb]{zgdf /f]lsPsf]_
 k"0f{?kdf nfu' M lj;+ @)*) h]i7 !
 s] xf] M g]kfndf rNg] df]afOn kmf]gx¿ clgjfo{ ¿kdf g]kfn b"/;~rf/df btf{ x'g'kg]{ / olb btf{ gePdf g]kfndf pQm kmf]g grNg] u/L
NofOPsf] k|ljlw xf] .
x'DnfnfO{ k"0f{ vf]k ;'lglZrt lhNnf 3f]if0ff
 slxn] M lj;+ @)*) a}zfv #)
 x'Dnf &! cf}F k"0f{vf]k ;'lglZrt lhNnf -^ lhNnf afFsL_
sf]Kr] km]l:6an
 sxfF cfof]hgf ul/Psf] M wgs'6f gu/kflnsf
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)*) j}zfv !–#
 s] xf] < M g]jf/L / wgs'6f gu/kflnsf If]qdf dfq a;f]af; ug]{ cf7kxl/of hfltsf] ljleGg df}lns vfgfsf] :6n, hftLo ;+:s[lt emNsfpg]
snf ;+:s[lt, e]ife"iff, /xg;xg, g[To tyf ;f+:s[lts k|:t'lt k|bz{gL ul/Psf] .
8f]sf] a'Gg] k|ltof]lutf
 sxfF cfof]hgf ul/Psf] M Ko"7fgsf] lemd?s ufpFkflnsf
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)*) j}zfv !
 klxnf] x'g] M /fdaxfb'/ ljs -?= #))) k|fKt_
ld;g d'gfn
 e"–pku|x
 g]kfn / yfONofG8sf ljBfyL{åf/f lgdf{0f ul/g] of] e"–pku|x lj=;+= @)*) j}zfvleq k|If]k0f ug]{ nIo /x]sf] .
afnljjfx Go"gLs/0fsf] Ps k|of;
 afnljjfx Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ljjfx ug'{cl3 j8f sfof{noaf6 ljjfx ug]{ pd]/ k'u]sf] of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq k]; u/L l;kmfl/; lng'kg]{
Joj:yf ul/Psf]

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 1

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 s'g kflnsfn] u/]sf] M uf]nGhf]/ ufpFkflnsf, l;Gw'nL
 ljjfxsf nflu Go"gtd @) jif{ k'Ug'kg]{ Joj:yf .
t];|f] /fli6«o ;xsf/L dxf;Dd]ng
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( r}t @#–@%
 sxfF M sf7df8f}+df ;DkGg ;Dd]ngn] !! a'Fb] 3f]if0ffkq hf/L u/]sf] .
ndh'ªl:yt bf]bL{ sl/8f]/ k|;f/0f nfOg k"0f{¿kdf ;~rfngdf
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( r}t @#
ld6/AofhkLl8tsf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu 5fglag cfof]u u7g
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( r}t @)
 k"j{GofowLz uf}/Laxfb'/ sfsL{sf] g]t[Tjdf # ;b:oLo cfof]u u7g ul/Psf]
 o;cl3 lj=;+= @)&( r}t !* df ;/sf/ / ld6/AofhLkLl8taLr % a'Fb] ;xdlt ePsf]
# jif{kl5 rLg;Fusf] /;'jfu9L gfsf v'nf
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( r}t !*
g]kfn /fi6« a}+såf/f ljQLo ;fIf/tf dfu{bz{g, @)&( hf/L
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( r}t !&
 xfn g]kfnsf] ljQLo ;fIf/tf M %&=( k|ltzt
kmf]A;{ Dofulhgn] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] #) jif{d'lgsf #) o'jfdf k/]sf % o'jf
 sf] sf] k/]sf M ;'lht kf7s, ;'ldt bfxfn, P]Zjof{/fgL l;+x, gL/h sfÇn] / ;Gtf]if kf08]
k|wfgdGqL k|r08nfO{ ljZjf;sf] dt
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( r}t ^
 pkl:yt @^@ ;f+;bdWo] kIfdf !&@ dt, ljkIfdf *( dt, t6:ydf ! dt
cGt/f{li6«o u'0f:t/ k|df0fLs/0f k|fKt ug{ ;kmn g]kfnsf] klxnf] gkf
 s'g M ltnf]Qdf gkf, ¿kGb]xL
g]kfnd} klxnf] k6s kf]yL xfQL -9f]O{_ sf] zNolqmof u/L aRrf lgsflnPsf]
 9f]O{sf] gfd M u08sLsnL
 hGdfOPsf] 5fjfsf] gfd M ljhouh
 sxfF M ;f}/fxfsf] vf]/;f]/df /x]sf] xfQL k|hgg s]Gb|
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( kmfu'g @%
u0ftGq g]kfnsf] t];|f] /fi6«klt lgjf{lrt
 sf] ag] M /fdrGb| kf}8]n
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( kmfu'g @%
 kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky M lj=;+= @)&( kmfu'g @(
 g]skf Pdfn]sf pDd]bjf/ ;'jf;rGb| g]DjfªnfO{ x/fP/ g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf kf}8]n lgjf{lrt
 kf}8]n ##,*)@ dtef/;lxt lgjf{lrt ePsf x'g\ eg] g]Djfªn] !%,%!* dtef/ k|fKt u/]sf x'g\ .
g]kfnsf] lghL If]qsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] hnljB't\ cfof]hgf pb\3f6g
 s'g M ;f]n'v'Da'sf] ;f]n'vf]nf -b"wsf]zL_ hnljB't\ cfof]hgf
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( kmfu'g @#
 slt Ifdtf M *^ d]=jf=
 ;fx; pmhf{ sDkgLn] ;~rfngdf NofPsf]
;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf d'VodGqLnfO{ ljZjf;sf] dt
 slxn] M @)&( kmfu'g @!
 kIfdf $! / ljkIfdf !! dt k|fKt
 d'VodGqLdf lgo'Qm M lj=;+= @)&( df3 @^
k|b]z ! sf] gfd M sf]zL k|b]z
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( kmfu'g !& -/fhwfgL lj=;+= @)&^ j}zfv @# df df]/ªsf] lj/f6gu/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf]_
 gfd s] M sf]zL k|b]z

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 2

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 kIfdf M *@ dt
 ljkIfdf M $ dt
 cg'kl:yt M ^ hgf
 k|:tfj ug]{ M g]skf Pdfn] -Pdfn];lxt sfª\u|];, dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| / /fk|kfn] ;dy{g u/]sf_
/fli6½«o ;efsf] pkfWoIf rog
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( df3 @#
 sf] algg\ M pld{nf cof{n
k|ltlglw;efsf pk;efd'v rog
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( df3 &
 sf] algg\ M OlGb/f /fgf du/ -/fli6«o :jtGq kf6L{_
 du/ g]kfnsf] afx|f}F tyf ;ftf}F dlxnf pk;efd'v 5gf]6 ePsf x'g\ .
 s'n pkl:yt @^$ ;f+;bdWo] !^^ n] kIfdf, (& n] ljkIfdf dtbfg u/] eg] ! ;f+;b t6:y /x]sf
 g]kfnsf] klxnf] pk;efd'v M dx]Gb|gf/fo0f lglw
 klxnf] dlxnf pk;efd'v M nLnf >]i7 Æ;'AafÆ
k|ltlglw;efsf ;efd'v rog
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( df3 %
 sf] ag] M b]j/fh l3ld/] -g]skf Pdfn]_
 l3ld/] g]kfnsf] gjf}F ;efd'v 5gf]6 ePsf x'g\
 g]kfnL sfª\u|];sL pDd]bjf/ O{Zj/Lb]jL Gof}kfg]nfO{ k/flht u/L l3ld/] ljhoL ePsf
 s'n pkl:yt @^* ;f+;bdWo] !^& n] kIfdf, !)) n] ljkIfdf dtbfg u/] eg] ! ;f+;b t6:y /x]sf
 g]kfnsf] klxnf] ;efd'v M s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{
 klxnf] dlxnf ;efd'v M cf]g;/L 3tL{ du/
otL Po/sf] hxfh kf]v/fdf b'3{6gf
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( df3 !
 s'g ljdfg M otL Po/sf] NYT 691 sn ;fOgsf] hxfh
 sf7df8f}+af6 kf]v/f hfg] qmddf kf]v/fsf] 3f/Lkf6gl:yt ;]tL gbLsf] vf]Frdf b'3{6gf ePsf]
 rfns bnsf $ ;b:o / ^* hgf ofq' u/L s'n &@ hgf ;jf/ /x]sf]df ;a}sf] lgwg ePsf]
 hxfhsf] kfOn6 M sdn s];L
 g]kfndf btf{ ePsf] klxnf] xjfO{hxfh M lj=;+= @)#) c;f]h @) -g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] hxfh_
u'NdLsf] /];'+uf ljdfg:yn pb\3f6g
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( k'; @$
 tf/f Po/sf] 9-N-ALO sn ;fOgsf] ljdfgåf/f 8]df] p8fg ul/Psf]
kf]v/f cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn pb\3f6g
 lznfGof; M lj=;+= @)&# j}zfv !
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( k'; !& -;g\ @)@# hgj/L !_
 s;n] M k|=d= k'iksdn bfxfn
 oxL cj;/df kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfn] pQm lbg ;fj{hlgs labf lbPsf]
 kf]v/f g]kfnsf] t];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf ¿kdf ;~rfngdf cfPsf] xf]
 o; ljdfg:yndf lj=;+= @)&( d+l;/ %—!@ ;Dd yfONofG8sf] P/f]yfO{ ljdfgn] Soflna|];g p8fg u/]sf], d+l;/ @# df b'3{6gf cEof;, k'; &
df otL / a'4sf ;fy} k'; * df ;f}o{ Po/nfOG;sf ljdfgx¿ cjt/0f u/]sf
 lxdfnog Po/nfOG;n] ;f]xL lbg Po/a; P—#@) af6 8]df] p8fg u/]sf]
 o; ljdfg:yn lj=;+= @)&* r}t !@ df lgdf{tf lrlgof“ sDkgLn] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf]
kAhL df]afOn ljZj RoflDkogdf g]kfn bf];|f] -n'lDagL k|b]z, @)&(_
 g]kfnsf] DRS Gaming n] bf];|f] :yfg xfl;n u/]sf]
 klxnf] x'g] M P;6'hL :kf]6{\; -6ls{P_
 P;6'hL :kf]6{\;n] !() c+s kfPsfdf g]kfnsf] DRS Gaming n] !%* c+s kfPsf]
 bf];|f] ag]sf] g]kfnL 6f]nLn] @ nfv (@ xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ k|fKt u/]sf]
 kmfOgn v]n @)@# hgj/L ^—* df OG8f]g]l;ofdf ePsf]
 kmfOgndf k'u]sf] csf]{ g]kfnL 6f]nL l66's]n] !# cfF} :yfg k|fKt u/]sf]

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 3

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
& k|b]zdf gofF d'VodGqL / ltgsf lgo'lQm ldlt
k|b]z d'VodGqL lgo'lQm
sf]zL lxSdt sfsL{ @)&( k'; @$
dw]z ;/f]hs'df/ ofbj @)&( k'; @&
jfUdtL zflns/fd hDs§]n @)&( k'; @%
u08sL ;'/]Gb| kf08] @)*) a}zfv !$
n'lDagL l8NnL axfb'/ rf}w/L @)*) a}zfv !$
s0ff{nL /fhs'df/ zdf{ @)&( k'; @&
;'b"/klZrd sdn axfb'/ zfx @)&( df3 @^
k|ltlglw;ef tyf k|b]z;ef lgjf{rg, @)&(
 3f]if0ff M g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\af6 lj=;+= @)&( >fj0f !(
 lgjf{rg ;DkGg M lj=;+= @)&( d+l;/ $, cfOtaf/
 s'n k|ltlglw;ef ;b:o ;+Vof M !^% k|ToIf ± !!) ;dfg'kflts ˜ @&% ;b:o
 s'n k|b]z;ef ;b:o ;+Vof M ##) k|ToIf ± @@) ;dfg'kflts ˜ %%) ;b:o
 s'n ;+3Lo ;f+;b ;+Vof ˜ @&% k|ltlglw;ef ± %( /fli6«o ;ef ˜ ##$ hgf
k|ltlglw;ef ;b:otkm{
k|ToIftkm{sf l;6x¿
!= g]kfnL sfª\u|]; M %& l;6 *= nf]stflGqs ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ M k|ToIfdf $ l;6
@= g]skf Pdfn] M $$ l;6 (= gful/s pGd'lQm kf6L{ M k|ToIfdf # l;6
#= g]skf -dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|_ M !* l;6 !)= /fli6«o hgdt kf6L{ M ! l;6
$= g]skf PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL M k|ToIfdf !) l;6 !!= /fli6«o hgdf]rf{ M k|ToIfdf ! l;6
%= /fli6«o :jtGq kf6L{ M & l;6 !@= g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{ M k|ToIfdf ! l;6
^= /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{ M & l;6 !#= :jtGq M M k|ToIfdf % l;6
&= hgtf ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ M & l;6
;dfg'kfltstkm{sf l;6x¿
!= g]kfnL sfª\u|]; M #@ l;6 %= /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{ M & l;6
@= g]skf Pdfn] M #$ l;6 ^= hgtf ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ M % l;6
#= g]skf -dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|_ M !$ l;6 &= /fli6«o hgdt kf6L{ M % l;6
$= /fli6«o :jtGq kf6L{ M !# l;6
/fli6«o bnsf] dfGotfk|fKt bnx¿ / k|fKt s'n l;6 ;+Vof
!= g]kfnL sfª\u|]; M *( l;6 %= /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{ M !$ l;6
@= g]skf Pdfn] M &* l;6 ^= hgtf ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ M !@ l;6
#= g]skf -dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|_ M #@ l;6 &= /fli6«o hgdt kf6L{ M ^ l;6
$= /fli6«o :jtGq kf6L{ M @) l;6
g]kfndf ;'? eof] E-SIM
 E-SIM : Electronic Subscriber Identity Module
 slxn]af6 nfu" M lj=;+= @)&( efb| #!
 s] xf] M df]afOndf ef}lts l;d gxfnLsg l;:6dsf]
dfWodaf6 l;d ;lqmo agfpg NofOPsf] k|ljlw xf] . of] x'Fbf df]afOndf ef}lts
l;d /fVg' kb}{g .
^@ lhNnf ;fIf/ 3f]if0ff
 ^@ cf}+ ;fIf/ lhNnf s'g M s~rgk'/
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( efb| @#
t];|f] ;fIf/ k|b]z
 s'g k|b]z M sf]zL k|b]z
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( efb| @#
 o;cl3 jfUdtL k|b]z lj=;+= @)&* c;f]h !! / u08sL k|b]z lj=;+= @)&* c;f]h @$ df ;fIf/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf
dw]z ljZjljBfno pb\3f6g
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( efb| @#
 sxfF M jL/uGh, k;f{

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 4

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 g]kfnsf] !# cf}+ ljZjljBfnosf] ¿kdf :yflkt
/Tgkfs{df ljB'tLo rflh{ª :6];g
 pb\3f6g M lj=;+= @)&( ebf} !$
dxfgu/jf;Lsf] u'gf;f] ;'Gg / ;'emfj ;+sngsf nflu x]Nnf] d]o/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng
 s'g dxfgu/kflnsf M kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsf
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( ebf} !@
g]kfnsf] klxnf] x\o'dg ldNs a}+s -cd[t sf]if_
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( efb| #
 sxfF M yfkfynLl:yt k/f]ksf/ k|;"lt tyf :qL /f]u c:ktfndf
 ;'Ts]/L cfdfn] bfg ug]{ b"w ;'/lIft u/L lzz'nfO{ v'jfpg ldNg] u/L /flvg]
 /fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/Låf/f pb\3f6g ul/Psf]
 o;sf] klxnf] k|of]u ;g\ !()( df cl:6«ofsf] leogfdf ePsf]
g]kfndf klxnf] k6s sfnf] lu4 e]l6Psf]
 sxfF e]l6of] M sfjf;f]tLl:yt gd'gf dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jg
o'/f]dgL cjf8{ km/ PS;n]G;—a]:6 a}+s g]kfn, @)@@
 s'g a}+s M Unf]an cfO{PdO{ a}+s lnld6]8
g]kfnsf] a8{ ;]Gr'/L
bf];|f] a8{ ;]Gr'/L
 s'g M hubLzk'/ a8{ ;]Gr'/L
 3f]if0ff M lj=;+= @)&( c;f/ #@
klxnf] a8{ ;]Gr'/L
 s'g M 3f]8f3f]8L a8{ ;]Gr'/L
 3f]if0ff M lj=;+= @)&* kmfu'g @&
;fIf/ lhNnf 3f]if0ff
sltcf}+ s'g lhNnf 3f]if0ff slxn] <
^@ cf}+ s~rgk'/ lj=;+= @)&( efb| @#
^! cf}+ afFs] lj=;+= @)&( c;f/ #@
^) cf}+ afh'/f lj=;+= @)&( c;f/ #)
%( cf}+ s}nfnL lj=;+= @)&( c;f/ @(
%* cf}+ ;f]n'v'Da' lj=;+= @)&( c;f/ @^
%& cf}+ aemfª lj=;+= @)&( c;f/ &
%^ cf}+ tfKn]h'ª lj=;+= @)&* r}t @#
%% cf}+ sf7df8f}+ lj=;+= @)&* c;f]h $
rf]ef/ aGbufxaf6 klxnf] lgof{t
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( c;f/ @*
 ! 6«s pmg 8]gdfs{ k7fOPsf]
;+;f/s} cUnf] :yfgsf] xf]6nsf] gofF gfd
 s'g xf]6n M Pe/]:6 Og k|fOe]6 lnld6]8
 slt prfO M %!*) ld6/
 sxfF 5 M ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfsf] uf]/v;]k Pe/]:6 a];SofDklghs
 of] eGbf cufl8 ;f]n'v'Da's} xf]6n Pe/]:6 Eo' cUnf] :yfgdf /x]sf] lyof] .
g]kfnsf] !*cf}+ /fli6«o lje"lt
 sf] M hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x
 lj=;+= @)&( c;f/ ^ df g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f 3f]lift
 g]kfnsf] lzIff / ;flxTodf dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbPsf
 cIf/f+s, k|fs[t Jofs/0f h:tf k':tsx¿ n]v]sf
 aemfªsf ;'wf/jfbL /fhfsf] gfdn] lrlgg]

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 5

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
g]kfndf ylkof] jg ;+/If0f If]q
 ;+/If0f If]q M uf]bfj/L–km'Nrf]sL jg ;+/If0f If]q
 3f]if0ff ldlt M lj=;+= @)&( c;f/ @
 If]qkmn @!@*=** x]S6/ -@!=@*** ju{ lsld_
 kg]{ lhNnf M nlntk'/b]lv sfe|]knf~rf]s;Dd km}lnPsf]
 gofF jg P]gcg';f/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] klxnf] jg ;+/If0f If]q
 lj=;+= @)&@ j}zfv # ut] ;jf]{Rr cbfntåf/f o; If]qnfO{ cf/If, lgs'~h jf h] pko'Qm x'G5 ToxL 3f]if0ff ug{ cfb]z lbPsf] / lj=;+= @)&(
c;f/ @ df g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt o; If]qdf @%) eGbf a9L k|hfltsf k'tnL, @%& k|hfltsf r/f /]s8{ ePsf]
 g]kfndf dfq kfOg] r/f sfF8]Eofs'/ klg kfOg]
 of];Fu} g]kfndf !! j6f jg ;+/If0f If]q k'u]sf
g]kfndf a9\of] af3sf] ;+Vof
 ;g\ @)@@ sf] u0fgfdf #%% j6f k'u]sf -;g\ @)!* sf] u0fgfdf @#% j6f /x]sf_
 /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ljefun] lj=;+= @)&* d+l;/ !( b]lv af3 u0fgf u/]sf] / lj=;+= @)&( >fj0f !# df k|=d= z]/axfb'/ b]pjfåf/f
;fj{hlgs ul/Psf]
 lrtjg /f=lg= df !@*, alb{of /f=lg= df !@%, afFs] /f=lg= df @%, k;f{ /f=lg= df $! / z'SnfkmfF6f /f=lg= df #^ j6f /x] sf
 ;g\ !((%÷(^ df !)), ;g\ @))( df !@!, ;g\ @)!# df !(*, ;g\ @)!* df @#% / ;g\ @)@@ df #%% j6f u0fgf ul/Psf
 ;+;f/df af3 kfOg] !# b]zx¿ M sDaf]l8of, nfcf];, ef/t, leotgfd, ?;, rLg, a+unfb]z, dn]l;of, Dofgdf/, g]kfn, e'6fg, yfONofG8 /
OG8f]g]l;of .
g]kfn ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] pkfWoIfdf lgjf{lrt
 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] && cf}+ dxf;efsf nflu
 lgjf{lrt ldlt M ;g\ @)@@ h'g *
 sfo{sfn M ;g\ @)@@ ;]K6]Da/ !# b]lv ! jif{;Dd
 g]kfn Pl;of–k|zfGt If]qaf6 lgjf{lrt ePsf]
 g]kfn;lxt !^ /fi6« pkfWoIfdf lgjf{lrt ePsf
 cWoIfdf lgjf{lrt M x+u]/Lsf ;faf sf]/f];L
zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/ labf vf/]h
 vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o M lj=;+= @)&( h]7 @#
 gofF sfof{no ;do (M#) b]lv %M#) / xKtfdf zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/ @ lbg labf x'g]
 nfu"sf] lg0f{o M lj=;+= @)&( j}zfv !# ut] z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] dlGqd08nn] lg0f{o u/]sf]
 nfu" x'g] lg0f{o /fhkqdf k|sflzt M lj=;+= @)&( j}zfv @^
 nfu" x'g] M lj=;+= @)&( h]7 ! ut]b]lv

dxŒjk"0f{ cGt/f{li6«o ;d;fdlos ultljlw

 ljZjsk km'6an @)@^ sf] nf]uf] / kmfO{gn v]nsf] ldlt ;fa{hlgs
;g\ @)@# d] !&  nf]uf] M lkmkmf cWoIf lhofGgL O{GkmflG6gf]4f/f Soflnkmf]lg{ofsf] lu|lkmy j]wzfnfdf cgfj/0f ul/Psf] .
 kmfO{gn v]n M ;g\ @)@^ h"nfO{ !(, cfO{taf/
 ;g\ @)@^ d] @% ;Dddf ljZjsk v]Ng] $* j6} /fi6«x? 5gf]6 ul/;Sg'kg]{ .
 $* /fi6« ;xeflu x'g] klxnf] ljZjsk
;g\ @)@# d] !)  a+ufnsf] vf8Ldf ag]sf] Ps zlQmzfnL cfFwL M Mocha -df]vf_
 a+unfb]z / pQ/L Dofgdf/sf] l;dfgfsf] t6LP If]qdf k|j]z u/]sf] .
;g\ @)@# d] ^  a]nfotsf gofF /fhf rfN;{ t[tLosf] /fHofleif]s
;g\ @)@# d] %  ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g4f/f sf]le8–!( sf] ljZjJofkL :jf:Yo ;+s6sfn cGTosf] 3f]if0ff
 ;g\ @)@) hgj/L #) af6 :jf:Yo ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ul/Psf]
 ;g\ @)@) d] !! df ljZjJofkL dxfdf/L 3f]if0ff

;g\ @)@# d] $  g]kfn;Fu !&( bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf] b]z M gfp?
 o;cl3 !&* bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf] b]z M dnfjL u0ftGq -;g\ @)@# km]a|'c/L !^_
 gfp? ljZjsf] t]>f] ;fgf] b]z xf] .
;g\ @)@# d] @  P;L;L k'?if lk|ldo/ sk, @)@# sf] lah]tf M g]kfn
 kmfO{gndf g]kfnn] o"oO{nfO{ & ljs]6n] k/flht u/]sf] .

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 6

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 of] lht;Fu} g]kfn cfufdL ;]K6]Da/df kfls:tfgdf x'g] !^cfF} Pl;of lqms]6 sksf] nflu 5gf]6 ePsf]
.
 g]kfndf ;g\ @)@# clk|n !* af6 d] @ ;Dd rn]sf] o; cfof]hgfsf] ;af]{Ts[i6 v]nf8L ;fGbk
nfld5fg] 3f]lift ePsf .
8f]gfN8 6«Dkåf/f Go'of]s{l:yt cbfntdf cfTd;dk{0f
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@# clk|n $
yfONofG8sf k|wfgdGqL k|o't rfg–cf]–rfåf/f ;+;b\ lj36g
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@# dfr{ @)
6sL{df zlQmzfnL e"sDk
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@# km]a|'c/L ^
 slt DoflUgRo'8 M &=* /]S6/ :s]n
 l;l/ofnfO{ klg c;/ u/]sf]
;+;f/s} x\ofG8;d k'?if, @)@@
 sf] ag] M Rege Gene Page, UK
;g\ @)@@ sf] sdhf]/ kf;j8{
 ;fj{hlgs ug]{ M g8{kf;
 ;a}eGbf a9L k|of]u ePsf] kf;j8{ M Password -$( nfv @( xhf/ !!# n] /fv]sf_
ld;]; jN8{, @)@@
 sf] algg\ M ef/tsL ;/ud sf}zn
ljZjsf] hg;+Vof * ca{
 slxn] k'u]sf] M ;g\ @)@@ gf]e]Da/ !%
 o; 36gfnfO{ 8] ckm P6 ljlnog gfd lbOPsf]
 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] World Population Prospects, 2022 hf/L u/L ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]
 ljZj hg;+Vof ;g\ @)#) df *%) s/f]8, ;g\ @)%) df (&) s/f]8 / ;g\ @!)) df !)$) s/f]8 k'Ug] cg'dfg ul/Psf]
 xfn ljZjsf] cf};t cfo' M &@=* jif{ -;g\ @)%) df &&=@ jif{ k'Ug] cg'dfg_
 ;g\ @)!) b]lv ;g\ @)@! ;Dddf gful/sn] cfÇgf] b]z 5f8]/ csf]{ b]zsf] gful/stf lng] b]zsf] ;"rLdf g]kfn !^ nfv gful/s;lxt
rf}yf] :yfgdf /x]sf] . -klxnf] M kfls:tfg, ! s/f]8 ^% nfv_
ljZjs} ;'Gb/ dlxnf 3f]if0ff
 sf] 3f]lift M hf]8L sf]d/ -a]nfot_
a]nfotsL sd sfo{sfnsL k|wfgdGqL
 sf] M lnh 6«;
 slt lbg M $% lbg
 /fhLgfdf M ;g\ @)@@ cS6f]a/ @)
6ls{Psf] afl6{g k|fGtsf] sf]OnfvfgLdf lj:kmf]6
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@@ cS6f]a/ !%
 sDtLdf $) sf] d[To' ePsf]
;+;f/s} dx“uL ;]lnla|6L
 sf] M df]8]n tyf pBdL sfOnL h]g/
 slt 5 kfl/>lds M %*% ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/
 kmf]A;{ Dofulhgsf cg';f/
ef/tn] agfof] k|r08 x]lnsf]K6/
 ef/tn] p;sf] b]zdf lgdf{0f u/]sf] n8fs' x]lnsf]K6/sf] gfd k|r08 /fv]sf]
ef/tdf gofF /fi6«klt
 sf] algg\ M b|f]ktL d'd"{ -lgjf{rgdf &@ k|ltzt dt k|fKt u/]sL_
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@@ h'nfO{ @%
 ef/tsf] !% cf}+ tyf bf];|f] dlxnf /fi6«klt -klxnf] dlxnf /fi6«klt M k|ltef kfl6n M ;g\ @))& b]lv @)!@_

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 7

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
k[YjLb]lv rGb|df / d+un u|x;Dd cGtl/If /]n agfpg] of]hgf
 s'g b]z M hfkfg
>Ln+sfdf gofF /fi6«klt lgo'Qm
 sf] ag] M /lgn ljqmdfl;+3]
 lgo'Qm M ;g\ @)@@ h'nfO{ @)
 logL ;g\ @)@@ d] !@ df % cf}+ k6s >Ln+sfsf] k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ePsf lyP .
ljZjsf wgf9\ox¿sf] ;"rL ;fj{hlgs
Rank Name Property ($) Company
1st Bernard Arnault 217.0 Billion LVMH
2nd Elon Mask 183.7 Billion Tesla, Spacex
3rd Jeff Bezos 132.2 Billion Amazon
4th Larry Ellison 114.2 Billion Software
5th Warren Buffett 107.4 Billion Berkshire Hathaway
6th Bill Gates 105.2 Billion Microsoft
>Ln+sfsf /fi6«kltåf/f /fhLgfdf
 /fi6«klt M uf]6fjfof /fhfkfIf]
 /fhLgfdf M ;g\ @)@@ h'nfO{ !%
 ;g\ @)@@ h'nfO{ !# df ;]gfsf] ljdfgaf6 b]z 5f8]/ efu]sf
lrlgofF sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf ljb]z ljefu k|d'vsf] g]kfn e|d0f
 sf] M lnp lhofgrfcf]
 e|d0f cjlw M ;g\ @)@@ h'nfO{ !) b]lv !# ;Dd
 s]xL ;docl3 pgn] g]kfnsf k|d'v g]tfx¿;“u er{'cn ;+jfb u/]sf lyP .
ld; OlG8of, @)@@
 s;n] lhltg\ M lzNkf ;]§L
cd]l/sL ;jf]{Rr cbfntåf/f ue{ktgsf] clwsf/ vf/]h
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@@ h'g @$
ckmuflg:tfgdf zlQmzfnL e"sDk
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@@ h'g @@
 cfsf/ M ^=! DoflUgRo'8sf] e"sDk uPsf]
n]jgfgdf k|wfg;]gfklt k|e'/fd zdf{åf/f kfs{ pb\3f6g
 kfs{sf] gfd M uf]/vf lu|g kfs{
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@@ h'g @)
xKtfdf # lbg ;fj{hlgs labf lbg] klxnf] ;fs{ /fi6«
 s'g M >Ln+sf
 s'g–s'g af/ M z'qmaf/, zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/
 lsg M a9\bf] cfly{s ;+s6sf sf/0f s[lif k|j4{gsf lglDt
ljZj cfn' ;Dd]ng, @)@@
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@@ d] #)
 sxfF M cfo/NofG8sf] 8alngdf ;'? ePsf]
 ;xefuL M sDtLdf ^) b]zsf !))) eGbf a9L ;xefuL ePsf
>Ln+sfdf gofF k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm
 sf] ag] M /lgn ljqmdfl;+3]
 lgo'Qm M ;g\ @)@@ d] !@
 % cf}+ k6s k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ePsf
cd]l/sL ;]gf ckmuflg:tfgaf6 lkmtf{ ePsf]
 cd]l/sL ;]gf lkmtf{ ePsf] M ;g\ @)@! cS6f]a/ #)
klxnf]k6s ;'“u'/sf] d'6' dfgj z/L/df ;kmn k|Tof/f]k0f

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 8

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@@ hgj/L &
 sxfF M cd]l/sf
km];a'ssf] gfd d]6f agfOPsf]
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@! cS6f]a/ @*
/fli6«o JolQmTjx¿sf] lgwg
bf]>f] hgcfGbf]ngsf 3fO{t] ‘lhpFbf] ;lxb’ sf] lgwg
 sf] M d's]z sfo:y
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)*) a}zfv @&
g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] klxnf] ueg{/ lxdfnozdz]/ ha/fsf] lgwg
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( df3 @@
 lj=;+= @)!# j}zfv !$ b]lv lj=;+= @)!& df3 @% ;Dd klxnf] ueg{/sf ¿kdf sfd u/]sf
k|]dk|;fb cfrfo{åf/f cfTdbfx
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( df3 !)
 lgwg M lj=;+= @)&( df3 !! ut] sLlt{k'/l:yt ag{ c:ktfndf pkrf/sf qmddf
ztfAbL k'?if ;Todf]xg hf]zLsf] lgwg
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&( c;f]h #)
 !)# jif{sf] pd]/df lgwg
 xfn;Dd w]/} k6s dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ ;flxTosf/ -# k6s_ M ;Todf]xg hf]zL -xfd|f] nf]s;+:s[lt M @)!#, g]kfnL /fli6«o d'b|f M @)!&,
s0ff{nL nf]s;+:s[lt M @)@*_
 g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f jfª\do ztfAbL k'?if 3f]if0ff M lj=;+= @)&$ j}zfv @!
 g]kfn /fi6« a}+såf/f hf]zLsf] tl:a/ c+lst l;Ssf ;fj{hlgs M lj=;+= @)&^ efb| @$
 hf]zL c+lst x'nfs l6s6 hf/L M lj=;+= @)&& df3 @) -hLljt 5Fb} x'nfs l6s6 hf/L x'g] klxnf] gful/s_
 klxnf] E-Passport kfpg] g]kfnL -lj=;+= @)&* d+l;/ !_
cfªl/tf z]kf{sf] lgwg
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&& c;f]h %
 lxdlrt'jf / Hero of Himalaya sf pkgfdn] lrlgg]
 &@ jif{sf] pd]/df lgwg
/fi6«slj dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]sf] lgwg
 slxn] M lj=;+= @)&& ebf} @
 !)! jif{sf] pd]/df lgwg
 lgwgsf] lbgdf l/lnh ul/Psf] uLt M æTo;/L xf];\ d/0fÆ
cGt/f{li6«o JolQmTjsf] lgwg
kfls:tfgsf k"j{/fi6«klt k/j]h d';/kmsf] lgwg
 slxn] M ;g]\ @)@# km]a|'c/L %
 *) jif{sf] pd]/df b'aO{sf] cd]l/sg xl:k6ndf lgwg ePsf]
dxfg\ km'6an/ k]n]sf] lgwg
 jf:tljs gfd M P8;g c/fGt]; bf] gfl;d]Gtf]
 hGd M ;g\ !($) cS6f]a/ @#
 lgwg M ;g\ @)@@ l8;]Da/ @( -l8p_
 SofG;/sf sf/0f *@ jif{sf] pd]/df a|flhnsf] ;fcf] kfpnf] ;x/l:yt cNj6{ cfOG;6fOg c:ktfndf
 pkgfd M km'6ansf hfb'u/, sfnf] df]tL, k]n]
 # k6s ljZjsk lhTg] Psdfq v]nf8L -;g\ !(%*, ;g\ !(^@, ;g\ !(&)_
 lkmkmfn] bzssf] pTs[i6 v]nf8L 3f]if0ff u/]sf]
 cfÇgf] hLjgsfndf s'n !#^^ v]n v]n]/ !@*! uf]n u/]sf -a|flhnsf nflu (@ v]ndf && uf]n_
 sd pd]/df ljZjsk lhTg] v]nf8L, sd pd]/df ljZjskdf x\ofl6«s ug]{ v]nf8L, ;a}eGbf a9L x\ofl6«s ug]{ v]nf8L -(@ x\ofl6«s_, Ps
jif{df a9L uf]n ug]{ v]nf8L -;g\ !(%( df !@& uf]n u/]sf_
a]nfotsL dxf/fgL Plnhfa]y låtLosf] lgwg

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 9

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@@ ;]K6]Da/ *
 klt M /fhs'df/ lkmlnk -lgwg M ;g\ @)@! clk|n (_
 a]nfotdf ;a}eGbf a9L ;do -&) jif{ & dlxgf_ ;Qf;Lg dxf/fgL -ljZjd} n'O{ !$ cf}+kl5 zf;gdf /xg] bf];|f]df kg]{_
 (^ jif{sf] pd]/df afNfdf]/n b/af/df lgwg
 sl/a !@) b]zsf] e|d0f u/]sL logL ljZjd} a9L e|d0f ug]{ /fi6«fWoIf / a9L kmf]6f] lvrfpg] JolQm;d]t ag]sL
 ;g\ !(^! -lj=;+= @)!*_ df klxnf] k6s / ;g\ !(*^ -lj=;+= @)$@ kmfu'g ^_ df bf];|f] k6s kltsf ;fy g]kfn e|d0fdf cfPsL
hfkfgsf k"j{k|wfgdGqL l;Ghf] cfa]sf] lgwg
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@@ h'nfO{ *
 uf]nL k|xf/af6 uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf
 ;g\ @))^ / ;g\ @)!@ df u/L @ k6s k|wfgdGqLsf] sfo{ef/ ;Dxfn]sf
h}ljs ljljwtfsf lktf O{=cf] ljN;g -gf;' @)&(_
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@! l8;]Da/ @^
 cfw'lgs o'usf 8flj{g egL lrlgg]
 Father of bio diversity and father of socioboilogy sf] pkgfdn] lrlgg]
c:tfP jftfj/0f ;+/If0fljb\ ;'Gb/nfn ax'u0ff
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@! d] @!
 sf] x'g\ M jftfj/0f ;+/If0f;DaGwL lrksf] cfGbf]ngsf g]t[Tjstf{
 ;g\ !(&# df ef/tsf] lxdf~rn / u9jfn k|fGtdf ;~rflnt cleofg
l8Puf] Dof/f8f]gfsf] lgwg
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@) gf]e]Da/ @%
 ch]{lG6gfsf k"j{sKtfg tyf k"j{k|lzIfs
 ;g\ !(*^ sf] lkmkmf ljZjsk km'6an ch]{lG6gfn] lhTbf xft] uf]n u/]/ rrf{ sdfPsf .
ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o k'/:sf/;DaGwL ;d;fdlos ultljlw
dfg>L k'/:sf/, @)*)
 k|fKt ug]{ M dxflj/ k'g
az'Gwf/f >L k'/:sf/, @)*)
 k|fKt ug]{ M 8f= ;Gb's ?O{t
nfp/]G; jN8{ :kf]6{Dofgl;k cjf8{, @)@#
 k|fKt ug]{ M lnof]g]n d];L
/fli6«o jg:klt k'/:sf/, ?= @ nfv /flz
 lj=;+= @)&( M k|f=8f= lgd{nf k|wfg
 lj=;+= @)&* M 8f= s[i0fs'df/ >]i7
g]kfn cGt/f{li6«o rnlrq dxf]T;j, @)&(
 pTs[i6 rnlrq M P]gf ‰ofnsf] k'tnL
 pTs[i6 cleg]tf M k|bLk v8\sf
 pTs[i6 cleg]qL M lbof df:s]
 pTs[i6 lgb]{zs M ;'lht lj8f/L
cf]:sf/ cjf8{
 ;g\ @)@# df k|bfg ul/Psf] (%cfF} cjf8{
 k|fKt ug]{ M Everthing Everywhere all at once
 pQm rnlrqn] pTs[i6 rnlrq, pTs[i6 cleg]qL, Best actor at supporting role, Best actress in supporting role, Best Director, Best
Original screen play, Best film editing u/L & ljwfdf cjf8{ lht]sf] .
ef/tsf] k|l;4 6]lnlehg cjf8{ M bfbf ;fx]a kmfNs] cjf8{, @)&(
 k|fKt ug]{ g]kfnL M xl/z/0f ;'j]bL
NSJF kN;/ :kf]6{\; cjf8{, @)&(
 slxn] k|bfg M lj=;+= @)&( kmfu'g @#

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 10

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 pTs[i6 k'?if v]nf8L M c~hg lji6 -km'6an_
 pTs[i6 dlxnf v]nf8L M c?0ff zfxL -elnan_
 lkkN; RjfO; cjf8{ M piff e08f/L -elnan_
 pTs[i6 k|lzIfs M cAb'Nnfxf cNd'tfO/L -km'6an_
 pTs[i6 o'jf v]nf8L M dgLif 8fFuL -km'6an_
 pTs[i6 kf/f Pyln6 cjf8{ M kn]zf uf]jw{g
O;f cjf8{, @)@#
 ;g\ @)!# b]lv x/]s @ jif{df dfgj sNof0fsf] If]qdf lqmofzLn JolQm÷;+:yfnfO{ k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf]
 ax/fOgsf k"j{/fhf z]v O;f lag ;ndfg cn vflnkmfsf gfddf :yflkt
 ax/fOgsf /fhf z]v xdb lag O;f cn vflnkmf …cg//L k|]l;8]G6 /x]sf] …O{;f cjf8{ km/ ;le{; 6' x\o'dflg6L ;+:yfn] k|bfg ug]{
 ;g\ @)@# df jl/i7 g]q lrlsT;s ;Gb's ?OtnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] -ax/fOgsf] /fhwfgL dgfdfdf d+unaf/ cfof]lht k'/:sf/ 3f]if0ff ;df/f]xdf
/fhkl/jf/sf ;b:o z]v df]= lag d'af/s cn vflnkmfåf/f cGwf]kg lgjf/0fsf nflu u/]sf] dfgj sNof0fsf nflu 8f= ?OtnfO{ O{;f
cjf8{sf nflu 5gf]6 ul/Psf]_ .
e}/j k'/:sf/, @)&(
 e}/j k'/:sf/ M jf;'b]j ljBfb]j n'O“6]n u'7L
 e}/j jfª\do k'/:sf/ M ljZjDe/ rGrn -;flxTosf/_
 e}/j k|ltef k'/:sf/ M /fdrGb| clwsf/L -snfsf/_
gfG;]g z/0ffyL{ k'/:sf/, @)@@
 kfpg] M hd{gLsL k"j{rfG;n/ PGh]nf df]s]{n
 k|bfg ug]{ M ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{ pRrfo'Qm -UNHCR_
 ;g\ !(%$ af6 k|bfg ug{ yflnPsf] of] k'/:sf/ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] k'/:sf/ xf] .
g]kfn km];g PG8 OG6/6]gd]G6 cjf8{, @)@@
 kk'n/ cleg]qL cjf8{ M :jl:tdf v8\sf
dbg k'/:sf/
 :yfkgf M lj=;+= @)!@ c;f]h !) ut] dbgzdz]/ h=a=/f=sf] :d[ltdf dbg k'/:sf/ :yfkgfsf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] . -dbgzdz]/sL kTgL M
hubDaf s'df/Lb]jL /f0ff_
 lj=;+= @)## b]lv Pp6f ;jf]{Ts[i6 s[ltnfO{ ?= @% xhf/sf] gub k'/:sf/ lbg] Joj:yf eof] . lj=;+= @)$) df /sd ?= #) xhf/ k'Uof] .
lj=;+= @)$@ df ?=$) xhf/ / lj=;+= @)$# b]lv ?= %) xhf/ / lj=;+= @)%! b]lv pQm /flz j[l4 u/L ?= ! nfv k'Uof] . lj=;+= @)&% b]lv
of] k'/:sf/sf] /flz rf/ nfv ?k}ofF agfOPsf] 5 .
 xfn;Dd w]/} k6s dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ ;flxTosf/ M ;Todf]xg hf]zL -xfd|f] nf]s;+:s[lt M @)!#, g]kfnL /fli6«o d'b|f M @)!&, s0ff{nL
nf]s;+:s[lt M @)@*_
 dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt klxnf] pkGof; M dg -pkGof;_
 dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt klxnf] syf ;+u|x M gofF ;8ssf] uLt
 dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt klxnf] lgaGw ;+u|x M PA:6«ofS6 lrGtgM Kofh
 dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt klxnf] dxfsJo M dfgj -dxfsfJo_
 dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ klxnf] dlxnf M kfl/hft
 dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ sd pd]/sf n]vs M df]bgfy k|l>t -@$ jif{_
 dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ klxnf] ljb]zL M kmfb/ ljlnod as{ x]lnª\ofS;
 xfn;Dd dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ dlxnfx¿ M kfl/hft -lz/Lifsf] km"n, @)@@_, emdss'df/L l3ld/] -hLjg sfF8f ls km"n, @)^&_, /fwf
kf}8]n -vn+ufdf xdnf, @)&)_, gLnd sfsL{ 'lgxfl/sf' -of]udfof, @)&$_
@)&^ dxf/fgL rGb|k|sfz aflgof“
@)&& lnDa'jfgsf] P]ltxfl;s b:tfa]h ;+u|x efuL/y Oª\gfd]
@)&* clUg 8f= gj/fh nD;fn
hubDaf>L k'/:sf/
 dbg k'/:sf/ u'7LsL ;+:yflksf /fgL hubDaf s'df/Lb]jL /f0ffsf] @)$% ;fpg @( ut] lgwg ePkl5 u'7LsL ;+:yflksfsf] :d[ltnfO{
lr/:yfoL /fVg] p2]Zon] lgwgsf] $% cf}+ lbg hubDaf >L k'/:sf/ ljlwjt\ :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] .
 k|To]s jif{ hubDaf>L k'/:sf/sf nflu g]kfnL efiffsf] -g]kfnL jfª\do_ ;]jfnfO{ g} Psdfq cfwf/ dfgL k'/:s[t k|ltefsf] 5gf]6 x'G5 .
 o; k'/:sf/sf] /flz dbg k'/:sf/;/x cyf{t\ ?= @,)),))).– -b'O{ nfv_ gub / k|df0fkq k|bfg ul/“b} cfPsfdf lj=;+= @)&% af6 k'/:sf/sf]
/sd ?= $,)),))) lgwf{l/t ul/Psf] 5 .

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 11

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 o;sf k|yd ljh]tf M :j= gf/fo0fuf]kfn -@)$%, pxfFnfO{ tLg bzseGbf a9L ;dob]lv ;+uLtsf] dfWodaf6 g]kfnL efiffsf uLtx¿nfO{
b]z tyf ljb]zdf ;d]t Kof/f] agfpg pNn]vgLo of]ubfg u/]afkt @)$% ;fndf pQm k'/:sf/åf/f ;Ddflgt ul/Psf] lyof]_
@)&^ zflGt 76fn
@)&& e}/jaxfb'/ yfkf
@)&* b'uf{k|;fb >]i7
efg' k|1f cGt/b]zLo g]kfnL ;flxTo k'/:sf/
 @)&( sf] ljh]tf M g/axfb'/ bfxfn, bflh{lnª
 k'/:sf/ /flz M ?= @ nfv
/fli6«o k|ltef k'/:sf/
 xl/j+z cfrfo{, ;f]d/fh ceo, /d]z 9'+u]n / x]d kf}8]n
k|fb]lzs k|ltef k'/:sf/
 o1/fh lg/f}nf, cof]Wofgfy rf}w/L, xl/k|;fb l;njfn, afns[i0f clwsf/L, lji0f'axfb'/ l;+x, avtaxfb'/ yfkf, u0f]z/fh hf]zL
dxfslj b]jsf]6f k'/:sf/
 a]Gh' zdf{, /fd ljgo, k'is//fh e§, ljho rfln;], cf/8Lk|ef; r6f}t
uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn /fli6«o k'/:sf/
 cd//fh lu/L
Oltxf; lz/f]dl0f afa'/fd cfrfo{ k'/:sf/
 lq/Tg dfgGw/
eut ;j{lht dfgj dof{lbt k'/:sf/
 nfnaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{, vu]Gb| ;+u|f}nf
ejgsLlt{ /Tg k'/:sf/
 g]kfnsf] 7"nf] k'/:sf/
 /flz M ?= ! s/f]8
 dxfjL/ k'g / /fli6«o cfljisf/ s]Gb|nfO{ k|bfg
 x/]s @ jif{df k|bfg ul/g]
 Pgcf/PgPsf] !) cf}+ ljZj ;Dd]ng @)&* r}t !@ df k|bfg ul/Psf]
k[YjL k|1f k'/:sf/ /flz M ?= $ nfv -gf;' @)&&_
 @)&^–@)*) M ;Todf]xg hf]zL
;u/dfyf k'/:sf/ /flz M ?= ! nfv
 ;g\ @)@@ M lgd{n k'hf{ du/
 ;g\ @)@! M sfldl/tf z]kf{
t]lGhª–lxnf/L k'/:sf/ /flz M ?= %) xhf/
 ;g\ @)@@ M bfjf ofªh'd z]kf{
 ;g\ @)@! M ldª\df UofNh] z]kf{, km'Ghf] hf]ª\d' nfdf / zld{nf nfdf
/fli6«o k|ltef k'/:sf/, /flz M ?= ! nfv
 @)&* M dbgs[i0f >]i7
 @)&% M 8f= ;Gb's ?Ot
l5Ggntf k|ltef k'/:sf/, /flz M ?= ! nfv
 @)&( M cl:dtf clwsf/L
ljGWojfl;gL nfOkm6fOd clred]G6 cjf8{, /flz M ?= ! nfv
 @)&( M uLtsf/ ljZj aNne
/fli6«o snf>L ;Ddfg, /flz M ?= ! nfv
 @)&* M ;flxTosf/ k/z' k|wfg
 @)&& M /fd]z >]i7
 @)&% M a}/fuL sfO“nf

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 12

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
/fli6«o snf>L k'/:sf/, /flz M ?= ! nfv
 @)&& M cz]if dNn
g];gn cfO{;L6L PlS;n]G; cjf8{, /flz M ?= ! nfv
 ;g\ @)@@ -j'dG;_ M /f]hfls/0f af;'snf
 ;g\ @)@@ -v'nf_M k+sh hnfg
o'4 ;flxTo k'/:sf/, /flz M ?= %) xhf/
 @)&* M ckmufgL /0fd}bfg -n]vs M s]bf/ ;+s]t_
jftfj/0f kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/, /flz M ?= @% xhf/
 @)&( M uf]ljGb kf]v/]n
 @)&* M t]h]Gb| s];L
ch/ cd/ ;Ddfg
 @)&* M dl0fs/Tg :yflkt
dw'ks{ ;Ddfg
 @)&( sf] -uB_ M k'?iff]Qd a:g]t
 @)&( sf] -kB_ M u0f]z /l;s
pQd zflGt k'/:sf/, /flz M ?= ! nfv
 @)&* M ;Todf]xg hf]zL / lu/Lz lu/L -;+o'Qm ¿kdf_
o"Pg k'ln; clkm;/ ckm lb Oo/
 ;g\ @)@! ljh]tf M g]kfnsL ;+1f dNn
a]:6 /]:kf]G; 6' lb KofG8]lds uf]N8 cjf8{
 g]kfnnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf]
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@! gf]e]Da/ @
a]nfotsf] o'lgel;{6L ckm ;]G6«n n+sf;fo/n] ;Ddfg u/]sf]
 8f= dxfjL/ k'g du/nfO{
cGt/f{li6«o a's/ k'/:sf/, @)@@
 k'/:sf/ ljh]tf M uLtf~hnL >L, ef/t -klxnf] ef/tLo ag]sL_
 k':ts M æ/]t ;dflwÆ sf] c+u|]hL cg'jfb æ6Da ckm :ofG8Æ
 cg'jfbs M 8]hL /sj]n
lakmf8 :6'8]G6 cjf8{–@)@!
 k'/:sf/ ljh]tf M g]kfnL j}1flgs l;h{gf dxh{g
 lakmf8 -af]8{ km/ OG6/g];gn km'8 PG8 Plu|sNr/ 8]enkd]G6_ n] k|bfg ug]{
 g]kfnsf] /}yfg] jg:klt / ;du| h}ljs ljljwtfs} nflu vt/f ag]sf] kftL emf/ lgoGq0f / cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPafkt
gfO6]ª\u]n gl;{ª cjf8{–@)@@
 g;{ M ljdnf >]i7
!) cf}+ g]kfn clk|msf lkmNd km]l:6en cjf8{–@)@@
 pTs[i6 lkmNd M cfO{ ckm lb :6«f]d -a'ls{gf kmf;f]_
 /fli6«otkm{sf pTs[i6 n3' lkmNd M s[iff rf}nfufO{+sf] P]gf / dfwj/fh v/]nsf] s'Og]6f]
 cGt/f{li6«o ljwfdf cjf8{ lhTg] n3' lkmNd M 3f]:6 ckm :k]; 6fOd -df]/Ssf]_
gf]a]n k'/:sf/–@)@@
 xfn;Dd cd]l/sfn] $)^ k6s, a]nfotn] !#* k6s, hd{gLn] !!# k6s, k|mfG;n] &# k6s, :jL8]gn] ## k6s k|fKt u/]sf
ef}ltszf:q Alain Aspect John F. Clauser Anton zeilinger
(France) (USA) (Austria)
/;fogzf:q Carolyn R. Bertozzi Morten Meldal K. Barry Sharpless
(USA) (Denmark) (USA)
lrlsT;fzf:q Svante Paabo (Sweden) - -

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 13

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
zflGt Ales Bialiatski Memorial (Russian Human Center for Civil Liberties (Ukrainian
(Belarus) Rights Organization) Human Rights Organization)
;flxTo Annie Ernaux - -
(France)
cy{zf:q Ben Bernanke Douglas W Diamond Philip H Dybvi
(USA) (USA) (USA)

ljleGg zLif{sdf g]kfnsf] :yfg

ljZj vfB ;'/Iff @)@#
 klxnf] :yfg M lkmgNof08 -*#=& c+s_
 clGtd :yfg M l;l/of -#^=#, !!# cf}+_
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M &$ cf}+ -%^=( c+s_
 ;fs{df klxnf] :yfgdf M ef/t -^* cf}F :yfg, %*=( c+s_
 ;fs{df clGtd :yfgdf M kfls:tfg -*$ cf}F :yfg, %@=@ c+s_
ljZj k|]; :jtGqtf @)@#
 klxnf] /fi6« M gj]{
 clGtd /fi6« M pQ/ sf]l/of -!*) cf}+ :yfg_
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M (% cf}+ -%&=*( c+s_
 ef/tsf] :yfg M !^! cf}F
ljZj v';L ;"rsf+s @)@#
 ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf v';L % /fi6« M lkmgNofG8, 8]gdfs{, cfO;NofG8, Oh/fon, g]b/NofG8
 ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf clGtd v';L /fi6« M ckmuflg:tfg -!#& cf}+_
 g]kfn &* cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] -%=$ c+s;lxt blIf0f Pl;ofs} v';L /fi6« aGg ;kmn_
ljZj e|i6frf/ ;"rsf+s @)@@
sd e|i6frf/ ePsf % /fi6« M w]/} e|i6frf/ ePsf % /fi6« M
1. 8]gdfs{ -() c+s_ !*)= ;f]dflnof -!@ c+s_
2. lkmgNofG8 -*& c+s_ !&*= l;l/of -!# c+s_
3. Go'lhNofG8 -*& c+s_ !&*= blIf0fL ;'8fg -!# c+s_
4. gj]{ -*$ c+s_ !&&= e]g]h'Pnf -!$ c+s_
5. l;+ufk'/ -*# c+s_ !&^= odg -!^ c+s_
;fs{ /fi6«sf] e|i6frf/sf] cj:yf
b]z :yfg c+s
e'6fg @% cf}+ ^*
ef/t *% cf}+ $)
dflNbE; *% cf}+ $)
>Ln+sf !)! cf}+ #^
g]kfn !!) cf}+ #$
kfls:tfg !$) cf}+ @&
a+unfb]z !$& cf}+ @%
ckmuflg:tfg !%) cf}+ @$
ljlwsf] zf;g ;"rsf+s @)@@
 klxnf] :yfg M 8]gdfs{ -)=(_
 clGtd :yfg -!$) cf}+_ M e]g]h'Pnf -)=@^_
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M ^( cf}+ -)=%@_
 ;fs{df klxnf] M g]kfn
 ;fs{df clGtd M ckmuflg:tfg -!#* cf}+, )=##_
Global Innovation Index, @)@@
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M !!! cf}+ -;g\ @)@! df klg !!! cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf]_
 hDdf !#@ b]zx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 14

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 klxnf] :yfgdf M l:j6\h/NofG8
 clGtd :yfgdf M lugL
 ;fs{df klxnf] M ef/t -$) cf}+ :yfgdf_
 x/]s jif{ ljZj af}l4s ;+u7gn] ;"rL k|sfzg ug]{
ljZj ef]sd/L ;"rsf+s @)@@
 ef]sd/L gePsf] /fi6« M
!= a]nf?;
@= af]l:gof PG8 xh{uf]legf
#= lrnL
$= rLg
%= qmf]Pl;of -a]nf?;;lxt !& /fi6«sf] c+s ;dfg /x]sf]_
 w]/} ef]sd/L ePsf] /fi6« M
!@!= odg -$%=! c+s _
!@)= ;]G6«n clk|msg l/klAns -$$ c+s_
!!(= df8fuf:s/ -#*=& c+s_
!!*= s+uf] -#&=* c+s_
!!&= rf8 -#&=@ c+s_
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M *! cf}+ -!(=! c+s;lxt_
;fs{ /fi6«sf] ef]sd/L] cj:yf
b]z c+s :yfg
>Ln+sf !#=^ ^$ cf}+
g]kfn !(=! *! cf}+
a+unfb]z !(=^ *$ cf}+
kfls:tfg @^=! ((cf}+
ef/t @(=! !)& cf}+
ckmuflg:tfg @(=( !)( cf}+
→ e'6fg / dflNbE; ;"rLdf g;d]l6Psf .
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo zflGt ld;gdf ;xeflutf
 a9L ;]gf k7fpg] % /fi6« M a+unfb]z, g]kfn, ef/t, ?jfG8f, kfls:tfg
dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+s, @)@!—@)@@
 klxnf] % /fi6« M l:j6\h/NofG8 -)=(^@ c+s_, gj]{ -)=(^!_, cfO;NofG8 -)=(%(_, xªsª -)=(%@_, c:6«]lnof -)=(%!_
 clGtd % /fi6« M blIf0fL ;'8fg -)=#*%, !(!cf}+ :yfg_, rf8 -)=#($, !()cf}+ :yfg_, gfOh/ -)=$)), !*(cf}+ :yfg_, ;]G6«n clk|msg l/klAns
-)=$)$, !**cf}+ :yfg_, a'?G8L -)=$@^, !*&cf}+ :yfg_
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M )=^)@ c+s;lxt !$#cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] -;g\ @)@) df ;f]xL c+ssf ;fy !$@cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] lyof] ._
 ;fs{df klxnf] M >Ln+sf -)=&*@ c+s;lxt &#cf}+ :yfgdf_
 ;fs{df clGtd M ckmuflg:tfg -)=$&* c+s;lxt !*)cf}+ :yfgdf_
 ef/t )=^## c+s;lxt !#@cf}+ :yfgdf
 dflNbE; ()cf}+ :yfgdf, e'6fg !@& cf}+ :yfgdf, a+unfb]z !@( cf}+ :yfgdf, kfls:tfg !^! cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf]
x]GnL kf;kf]6{ OG8]S; @)@#
;a}eGbf zlQmzfnL kf;kf]6{ ePsf /fi6«x¿ sdhf]/ kf;kf]6{ ePsf /fi6«x¿
!= l;+ufk'/ -!($ c+s_ !)%= ckmuflg:tfg -@& c+s_
@= hfkfg -!(# c+s_ !)$= O/fs, l;l/of -#) c+s_
#= hd{gL, :k]g, O6fnL, blIf0f sf]l/of -!(@ c+s_ !)#= kfls:tfg -#@ c+s_
$= cli6«of, lkmgNofG8, nShDau{, l:j8]g -!(! c+s_ !)@= odg, ;f]dflnof -#% c+s_
%= 8]gdfs{, , g]b/NofG8, k|mfG;, a]nfot !)!= g]kfn -#& c+s_
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M !)! cf}+ :yfg -#& c+s_
ljZj zflGt ;"rsf+s @)@@
 ;"rL k|sfzg ug]{ M Institute for Economics and Peace – IEP
 klxnf] /fi6« M cfO;NofG8 -!=!)& c+s_

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 15

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 clGtd /fi6« M ckmuflg:tfg -!^# cf}+ :yfg, #=%%$ c+s_
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M &# cf}+ -!=($& c+s_
 ;fs{df klxnf] M e'6fg -!( cf}+, !=$*!_
 ;fs{df clGtd M ckmuflg:tfg -!^# cf}+ :yfg, #=%%$ c+s_
ljZj lbuf] ljsf; ;"rsf+s @)@@
 klxnf] :yfgsf] /fi6« M lkmgNofG8
 clGtd /fi6« M blIf0f ;'8fg -!^# cf}+_
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M (* cf}+
 ;fs{df klxnf] M dflNbE; -^& cf}+_
 ;fs{df clGtd M ckmuflg:tfg -!$& cf}_+
Crime Index @)@#
 sd ck/fw x'g] /fi6« M stf/ -!$=* c+s_
 a9L ck/fw x'g] /fi6« M e]g]h'Pnf -!$@ cf}F :yfg, *@=^ c+s_
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M $$ cf}F :yfg -#&=^ c+s_
 ;fs{df al9 ck/fw x'g] M ckmuflg:tfg -!$) cf}F :yfg, &*=^ c+s_
 ;fs{df sd ck/fw x'g] M g]kfn -$$ cf}F :yfg, #&=^ c+s_
Health Care Index @)@#
 klxnf] /fi6« M tfOjfg -*%=( c+s_
 clGtd /fi6« M e]g]h'Pnf -($ cf}+ :yfg, #(=# c+s_
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M ^( cf}+ -%&=) c+s_
Cost Living Index @)@#
 klxnf] /fi6« M ad{'8f -!$!=* c+s_
 clGtd /fi6« M kfls:tfg -!$) cf}+ :yfg, !* c+s_
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M !#% cf}+ -@$=* c+s_
ljZj k|]; :jtGqtf @)@#
 klxnf] /fi6« M gj]{
 clGtd /fi6« M pQ/ sf]l/of -!*) cf}+ :yfg_
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M (% cf}+ -%&=*( c+s_
 ;fs{df klxnf] :yfg M e'6fg -() cf}F :yfg_
 ;fs{df clGtd :yfg M a+unfb]z -!^# cfF :yfg_
cfly{s ;d[l4 ;"rsf+s @)@#
 cfly{s ¿kn] ;d[4 /fi6« M 8]gdfs{
 cfly{s ¿kn] sd ;d[4 /fi6« M blIf0f ;'8fg -!^& cf}+ :yfg_
 g]kfnsf] :yfg M !!) cf}+ :yfg
/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o lbj;x¿
ljZj h}ljs ljljwtf lbj;
 slxn] dgfOg] M d] @@
 @)@# sf] gf/f M 'From Agreement to Action : Build Back Biodiversity'
ljZj :jf:Yo lbj;
 slxn] dgfOg] M clk|n &
 @)@# sf] gf/f M 'Health For All'

/fli6«o jg:klt lbj;

 slxn] dgfOg] M r}t @(
 lj=;+= @)%^ af6 dgfpg ;'?
 lj=;+= @)&( sf] @$ cf}+ lbj;sf] gf/f M hnjfo' kl/jt{g Ps r'gf}tL M ;dfwfgsf nflu jg:klt
/fli6«o ;xsf/L lbj;
 slxn] dgfOg] M r}q @)

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 16

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 @)&( sf] gf/f M ;xsf/Lsf] lbuf]kg, :jlgodg / ;'zf;g
cGt/f{li6«o gf/L lbj;
 slxn] dgfOg] M dfr{ *
 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] ;g\ !(&% df klxnf] k6s dlxnf jif{ 3f]if0ff u/L dgfpg ;'? u/]sf] .
ljZj l;d;f/ lbj;
 slxn] dgfOg] M km]a|'c/L @
 ;g\ @)@# sf] gf/f M It's time for wetland restoration
lgjf{rg lbj;
 slxn] dgfOg] M kmfu'g &
 lj=;+= @)!% kmfu'g & df cfdlgjf{rg k|f/De eO{ dtbftfn] cfÇgf] dtflwsf/ k|of]u ug{ kfPsf] lbgsf] ;Demgfdf lj=;+= @)&# af6 dgfpg
;'?
 @)&( sf] gf/f M lgjf{rgdf ;a} ;w}+ ;Fu}
ljZj vfB lbj;
 slxn] dgfOg] M cS6f]a/ !^
 ;g\ !(*! af6 dgfpg ;'?
 ;g\ @)@@ sf] gf/f M Live Noone Behind
/fli6«o of]u lbj;
 slxn] dgfOg] M df3 !
 @)&( sf] gf/f M æ:j:y hLjgsf] rfxfgf M of]u lzIff / ;fwgfÆ
 g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lj=;+= @)&@ >fj0f @* sf] lg0f{on] x/]s jif{sf] df3 ! nfO{ /fli6«o of]u lbj;sf] ¿kdf dgfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf]
 cGt/f{l6«o:t/df eg] ;g\ @)!^ b]lv h'g @! df cGt/f{li6«o of]u lbj; dgfpg ;'? ul/Psf]
 cGt/f{li6«o of]u lbj; dgfpg] k|:tfj ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ^( cf}+ dxf;efdf ef/tLo k|d g/]Gb| df]bLn] /fv]sf / To;df klxnf] ;dy{g ug]{ /fi6«
g]kfn ePsf]
 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lbj;dWo] () lbgdf !&& b]zn] ;dy{g ug]{ sLlt{dfg of]u lbj;n] sfod u/]sf]
 ;g\ @)@@ sf] cGt/f{li6«o of]u lbj;sf] gf/f M ædfgjtfsf nflu of]uÆ
/fli6«o lj1fg lbj;
 slxn] dgfOg] M c;f]h !
 lj=;+= @)&! af6 dgfpg ;'?
 @)&( sf] ( cf}+ lbj; xf]
 @)&( sf] gf/f M lj1fg / k|ljlwdf nufgLsf] lj:tf/ M ;d'Gglt / ;d[l4sf] cfwf/
/fli6«o afn lbj;
 g]kfndf x/]s jif{ efb| @( df dgfOg]
 @)&( sf] gf/f M afnd}qL ;dfhsf] cfwf/ M lhDd]jf/ kl/jf/, pQ/bfoL ;/sf/
 @)&( df %* cf}+ /fli6«o afn lbj; dgfOPsf]
 g]kfndf lj=;+= @)@! df3 $ af6 dgfpg yflnPsf]df lj=;+= @)$& efb| @( df g]kfnn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afn clwsf/ dxf;lGw cg'df]bg
u/]kl5 lj=;+= @)^# ;fnaf6 efb| @( df dgfpg yflnPsf]
ljZj hg;+Vof lbj;
 x/]s jif{ h'nfO{ !! df dgfOg]
 ;g\ !(*( b]lv UNO åf/f dgfpg ;'?
 ;g\ @)@@ gf]e]Da/ !% df ljZjsf] hg;+Vof * ca{ k'Ug] cg'dfg UNFPA n] u/]sf]
 ;g\ @)@# df hg;+Vofdf ef/tn] rLgnfO{ pl5Gg] k|If]k0f ul/Psf]
 ;g\ @)@@ sf] gf/f M cf7 ca{ hg;+Vof ;a}sf] 5gf]6 / clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf;lxt pHHjn eljiosf nflu cj;/sf] k|flKt
 a9L hg;+Vof ePsf # b]z M != rLg -! ca{ $$ s/f]8_ @= ef/t -! ca{ $) s/f]8_ #= cd]l/sf -## s/f]8_
ljZj of]u lbj; @)@@
 slxn] dgfOg] M x/]s jif{sf] h'g @!
 ;g\ @)@@ sf] cf7f}+ of]u lbj;

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 17

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] ;g\ @)!$ df lg0f{o u/L ;g\ @)!% h'g @! af6 dgfpg ;'?
 ;g\ @)!% h'g @! df ef/tdf Ps} 7fpFdf #^ xhf/ JolQmnfO{ of]u u/fP/ lulgh a'sdf /]s8{ agfOPsf]
 ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bLn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ^( cf}+ dxf;efdf of]u ;a}sf nflu ;w}+sf nflu cfjZos ePsfn] cGt/f{li6«o of] u
lbj;sf] 3f]if0ff ug{ k|:tfj u/]sf lyP . ;f] k|:tfjdf g]kfnsf tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf]O/fnfn] klxnf] ;dy{g u/]
 ;g\ @)@@ sf] gf/f M …‘dfgj hLjgsf nflu of]u’
 g]kfn ;/sf/n] lj=;+= @)&@ ;fpg @* ut] df3 ! ut]nfO{ /fli6«o of]u lbj; 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] .
ljZj ;+uLt lbj;
 klxnf] k6s ;g\ !(*! h'g @! df k|m]Gr snfsf/ Maurice Fleuret sf] ;f]rcg';f/ k|mfG;df of] lbj; dgfOPsf]
 To;otf x/]s jif{ h'g dlxgfsf] @! tfl/vsf lbg ‘ljZj ;+uLt lbj;’ cyf{t \ 'World Music Day' dgfOFb} cfPsf] 5
 clxn] ;+;f/sf Ps ;o a9L b]zdf ;+uLt lbj; ljz]if pT;jsf ¿kdf 5 .
 ;g\ @)@@ sf] gf/f M 'Music on the inter sections'
/fli6«o wfg lbj; tyf /f]kfOF dxf]T;j
 slxn] dgfOG5 M c;f/ !%
 @)&( sf] wfg lbj; slt cf}+ M !(cf}+
 @)&( sf] gf/f M ‘wfg /f]kf}F, vfBfGgdf cfTdlge{/ agf}F’
 lj=;+= @)^! df ‘wfg g} hLjg xf]’ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy UNO åf/f 3f]if0ff u/L ljZjsf $# /fi6«n] dgfPsf
 g]kfndf lj=;+= @)^! d+l;/ @( sf] dlGqkl/ifb\ a}7sn] lj=;+= @)^@ b]lv c;f/ !% nfO{ /fli6«o wfg lbj; dgfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf]
 ljZjdf a9L wfg pTkfbg ug]{ b]zx¿ M rLg / ef/t
r'/] lbj;, @)&(
 slxn] dgfOG5 M c;f/ @
 @)&( sf] slt cf}+ M *cf}+
 slxn]af6 dgfpg ;'? M lj=;+= @)&! c;f/ @ ut] /fi6«klt r'/] dw]z ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] lbgsf] ;Demgfdf
 d'Vo p2]Zo M ‘r'/] ;+/If0f, hn ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f’
 xfn /fi6«klt r'/] ;+/If0f sfo{qmd #& lhNnfdf ;~rflnt
 r'/] hnfwf/ ;+/If0f sfo{qmd !# lhNnfdf ;~rflnt
 r'/] k"j{df a|x\dk'q gbLb]lv klZrddf kfls:tfgsf] OGb'; gbL;Dd
 g]kfndf r'/]nfO{ gjLgtd kj{t, lzjflns kj{t, cl:y/ kxf8, afx\o lxdfno h:tf pkgfdn] lrlgg]
 r'/] z[+vnfn] g]kfnsf] sl/a !@=&% e"efu cf]u6\g]
 r'/] km}lnPsf] lhNnf M #& lhNnf
 r'/]n] aLrdf sf6]sf] lhNnf M s}nfnL -klxn] gjnk/f;L klg lyof]_
 pQ/df lxdfnob]lv blIf0fdf r'/];Dd km}lnPsf] lhNnf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s -pQ/df lxdfnob]lv blIf0fdf dxfef/t;Dd km}lnPsf] lhNnf M
wflbª_
ljZj jftfj/0f lbj;, @)@@
 x/]s jif{ h'g % df dgfOg]
 ;g\ @)@@ sf] gf/f M Only One Earth
 ;g\ @)@@ sf] /fli6«o gf/f M lbuf] k|s[ltd}qL hLjgofkg M k[YjLsf] ;+/If0f
/fli6«o lrof lbj;
 x/]s jif{ j}zfv !% ut] dgfOg]
 lj=;+= @)&( df @^cf}+ lbj; dgfOPsf]
 @)&( sf] gf/f M ‘u'0f:t/Lo lruf pTkfbg / ;'lglZrt ahf/, lrofsf] lgof{t cfly{s ;d[l4sf] cfwf/’
;u/dfyf lbj;
 slxn] dgfOG5 M d] @(
 ;g\ @))& af6 dgfpg ;'?
 ;g\ @)@@ sf] gf/f M Everest Peak of the World, pride of Nepal
k//fi6« dfldnf;DaGwL ;d;fdlos ultljlw
lkmgNofG8 gf6f]sf] gofF ;b:o
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@# clk|n $
 slt cf}+ ;b:o M #! cf}+ ;b:o

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 18

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 #) cf}+ ;b:o M pQ/L Dof;]8f]lgof -;g\ @)@) dfr{ @&_
 :yfkgfsfnLg ;b:o M !@ /fi6«
 gf6f]sf] :yfkgf M ;g\ !($( clk|n $
 k|wfg sfof{no M a]lNhodsf] a|;]N;
;fs{ ljZjljBfnosf] af]8{ ckm :6l8h ;b:odf g]kfnL k|f=8f=
 sf] M k|f=8f= v8\u s];L
;fs{df gofF dxf;lrj
 sf] M uf]nfd ;/jf/ -a+unfb]z_
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@# dfr{ %
 ;fs{sf !% cfF} dxf;lrjsf ¿kdf lgo'Qm
 sfo{sfn M # jif{
 qmdcg';f/ ckmuflg:tfgsf] kfnf] eP tfklg ckmuflg:tfgnfO{ glbO{ a+unfb]zaf6} dxf;lrj lgo'Qm ul/Psf]
v]ns'b;DaGwL /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;d;fdlos ultljlw
k|wfgdGqL y|L g];G; sk km'6an k|ltof]lutf
 ljh]tf M g]kfn
 g]kfnn] nfcf];nfO{ @–! uf]ncGt/n] x/fpFb} RoflDkog 6«kmL prfn]sf]
 s'g–s'g b]z ;xefuL M g]kfn, nfcf]; / e'6fg
kf]v/f Dof/fyg, @)&(
 k'?iftkm{ M
k|yd M :6]km]g sf]:u]O, s]Gof
låtLo M h'lno; sf]xf]d], s]Gof
t];|f] M xf]dnfn >]i7, g]kfn cfdL{
 dlxnftkm{ M
k|yd M /fhk'/f k5fO{+, g]kfn k'ln;
låtLo M a[Gbf >]i7, PkLPkm
t[tLo M k"0f{nIdL Gof}kfg], g]kfn cfdL{
l/on Dofl8«8 kf“rf}+ k6s lkmkmf Sna ljZjsksf] RoflDkog
 ;fpbL c/asf] Sna cn lxnfndfly %—# sf] cGt/df l/onn] lht lgsfn]sf]
 of];Fu} l/on Dofl8«8 kf“rf}+ k6s RoflDkog ag]sf]
ljZjsk km'6an, @)@^
 slt cf}+ ;+:s/0f M @# cf}+
 sxfF x'“b}5 M cd]l/sf, Sofg8f, d]lS;sf] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf
 ljleGg !^ ;x/sf !^ /+uzfnf k|of]u x'g] h;df cd]l/sfsf !! ;x/, d]lS;sf]sf # ;x/ / Sofg8fsf @ ;x/df x'g]
 $* /fi6«n] efu lng] klxnf] ljZjsk km'6an
ljZjsk km'6an, @)@@
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@@ gf]e]Da/ @) — l8;]Da/ !* ;Dd
 sxfF M stf/ -% j6f ;x/sf] * j6f /+uzfnfdf ;DkGg_
 slt cf}+ ;+:s/0f M @@ cf}+ ;+:s/0f -@# cf}+ ;+:s/0f ;g\ @)@^ h'g *— h'nfO{ # ;Dd cd]l/sf, Sofg8f / d]lS;sf] # b]zdf ;+o'Qm
¿kdf x'g], $* /fi6« ;xefuL x'g] klxnf] ljZjsk_
 Pl;ofdf ePsf] bf];|f] ;+:s/0f -klxnf] M ;g\ @))@ df hfkfg ± blIf0f sf]l/ofdf ePsf]_
 ;xefuL /fi6« M #@ /fi6« ;xefuL -* j6f ;d"xdf ljefhg ul/Psf]_
 s'n v]n ;+Vof M ^$ -s'n !&@ uf]n ePsf]_
 klxnf] v]n M cfof]hs stf/ / OSj]8/
 5gf]6 x'g] klxnf] /fi6« M hd{gL
 5gf]6 x'g] clGtd /fi6« -#@ cf}+_ M sf]:6fl/sf -#! cf}+ M c:6«]lnof_
 $ k6ssf] ljZjsk ljh]tf O6fnL 5gf]6 x'g g;s]sf]
 ck/flht /x]/ stf/ ljZjskdf k'Ug] * /fi6« M ch]{lG6gf, a|flhn, O+UNofG8, k|mfG;, a]lNhod, l:j6\h/NofG8, ;la{of / df]/Ssf] …
 d:s6 ;fj{hlgs M ;g\ @)@@ clk|n ! -d:s6 M nf Oa_

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 19

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 lkmkmf ljZjsk km'6ansf] Oltxf;df klxnf] k6s o; ljZjskdf dlxnf /]k|mLsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf]
 cflwsfl/s kf]:6/ ;fj{hlgs M ;g\ @)@@ h'g !%
glthf pTs[i6 cjf8{
 kmfOgn v]n M ch]{lG6gflj?4 k|mfG;  a9L uf]n ug]{ -uf]N8]g a'6_ M lslnog PdafKk] — * uf]n
-lgwf{l/t () ldg]6df @—@ sf] a/fa/L, yk #) -k|mfG;_
ldg]6df #—# uf]n eO{ v]n 6fOa|]s/df k'u]sf] /  pTs[i6 uf]n/Ifs -uf]N8]g Unf]E;_ M Oldlnofgf] dfl6{g]h
ch]{lG6gfn] k|mfG;nfO{ $—@ sf] cGt/n] x/fPsf]_ -ch]{lG6gf_
 t];|f] :yfgsf nflu ePsf] v]n M qmf]Pl;oflj?4  pTs[i6 v]nf8L -uf]N8]g an_ M lnof]gn d];L — & uf]n
df]/Ssf] -qmf]Pl;ofn] df]/Ssf]nfO{ @—! sf] -ch]{lG6gf_ — ;g\ @)!$ df klg k|fKt u/]sf
cGt/n] x/fPsf]_  pTs[i6 o'jf v]nf8L -l;Ne/ an_ M PGhf] kmgf{G8]h
 klxnf] M ch]{lG6gf, bf];|f] M k|mfG;, t];|f] M -ch]{lG6gf_
qmf]Pl;of, rf}yf] M df]/Ssf]
ljZjsksf /f]rs k|;+u tyf ljljw sLlt{dfgx¿
 clkml;on an M cn l/xnf -kmfOgndf v]nfOPsf] an eg] cn lxNd_
 kmfOgndf x\ofl6«s ug]{ klxnf] / Psdfq v]nf8L M lslnog PdafKk] — # uf]n -k|mfG;_
 ;]ldkmfOgndf k'Ug] klxnf] clk|msL /fi6« M df]/Ssf] -rf}yf] :yfg_
 Pp6} ljZjskdf ;a}eGbf w]/} k6s Dofg ckm bL Dofr x'g] v]nf8L M lnof]gn d];L — % v]ndf Dofg ckm bL Dofr -ch]{lG6gf_
 of];Fu} ch{]lG6gf t];|f] k6s ljZj RoflDkog ag]sf] -klxnf] M ;g\ !(&*, bf];|f] M ;g\ !(*^, t];|f] M ;g\ @)@@ / tLg k6s bf];|f] ePsf] M
;g\ !(#), ;g\ !((), ;g\ @)!$_
 cfof]hs /fi6«n] Pp6f klg v]n glht]sf] klxnf] ljZjsk k|ltof]lutf
 lxpFbofddf cfof]hgf ePsf] klxnf] ljZjsk km'6an k|ltof]lutf, xfn;Ddsf] ;a}eGbf vlr{nf] k|ltof]lutf
 ljZjsk Oltxf;df xfn;Dd ;a}eGbf a9L v]n -!)^ v]n_ v]n]sf] /fi6« hd{gL xf] h;n] ;a}eGbf w]/}k6s * k6s kmfOgn v]n]sf] 5
eg] !^ k6s ;]ldkmfOgn v]n]sf] 5 . ljZjskdf ;a}eGbf a9L uf]n -@@$ uf]n_ ug]{ /fi6« klg hd{gL xf] .
 Pp6} ljZjskdf ;a}eGbf a9L uf]n ug]{ v]nf8L M k|mfG;sf h:6 kmf]G6]g -;g\ !(%* sf] ljZjskdf !# uf]n u/]sf_
 ljZjsk Oltxf;df a9L uf]n ug]{ v]nf8L M hd{gLsf ld/f]:nfe Snf]h -!^ uf]n_
 % km/s km/s ljZjskdf uf]n ug]{ ! dfq v]nf8L M lqmlZ6ofgf] /f]gfN8f] -n'lDagL k|b]z, @)&(_
 ljZjsksf] Pp6} v]ndf a9L uf]n ug]{ M ?;sf cf]n]u ;fn]Gsf] -Sofd?glj?4 % uf]n u/]sf_
 ljZjskdf l56f] uf]n ug]{ M 6sL{sf xfsg ;'s/ -blIf0f sf]l/oflj?4 !! ;]s]G8d} uf]n u/]sf_
 xfn;Ddsf] ;a} ljZjsk km'6an k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL ! dfq /fi6« M a|flhn
cfO{;L;L k'?if 6L–@) ljZjsk, @)@@
 slxn] M ;g\ @)@@ cS6f]a/ !^ b]lv gf]e]Da/ !# ;Dd
 slt cf}+ ;+:s/0f M cf7f}+
 slt l6d ;xefuL M !^ l6d
 ljh]tf M O+UNofG8 -% ljs]6n] ljhoL_
 pkljh]tf M kfls:tfg
 ;]ldkmfOgn k|j]z ug]{ /fi6« M O+UNofG8, kfls:tfg, ef/t, Go'lhNofG8
 Kn]o/ ckm bL l;l/h M ;fd s'/fg -O+UNofG8_
 of];Fu} O+UNofG8n] @ k6s pkflw lht]sf]
 ;g\ @))& af6 ;'? ePsf] o; k|ltof]lutf x/]s @÷@ jif{df cfof]hgf ul/g]
 klxnf] ;+:s/0f ;g\ @))& df blIf0f clk|msfdf ePsf] h;sf] ljh]tf ef/t /x]sf]
 cfufdL ;g\ @)@$, @)@^, @)@* / @)#) sf ;+:s/0fx¿ qmdzM j]:6 OlG8h / cd]l/sf, ef/t / >Ln+sf, c:6«]lnof / Go'lhNofG8,
a]nfot / cfo/NofG8df cfof]hgf ul/g] .
cfO{;L;Låf/f g]kfndfly nufOPsf] lgnDag km's'jf
 km's'jf slxn] M ;g\ @)@@ h'g !$ ÷ lj=;+= @)&( h]7 #!
 lgnDag u/]sf] M ;g\ @)!^ clk|n @^
 lgnDagsf] sf/0f M Sofgdfly ;/sf/sf] x:tIf]k
gjf}+ /fli6«o v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf, @)&(
 ldlt @)&& kmfu'g @) b]lv @& ;Dd u08sLdf x'g] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf]
 pb\3f6g M lj=;+= @)&( c;f]h @* -pk/fi6«klt M gGbaxfb'/ k'g_
 ;dfkg M lj=;+= @)&( sflQs # -k|d M z]/axfb'/ b]pjf_

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 20

 SABIN GHIMIRE
AUTHOR/INSTRUCTOR
 d:s6 ;fj{hlgs M lj=;+= @)&( j}zfv @$ -d:s6df s:t'/L d[u /flvPsf]_
 d:s6 / nf]uf]sf l8hfOg/ M ef]nfgfy kf}8\ofn
 nf]uf]df df5fk'R5«] lxdfnd'lg rf/ w;f]{df rGb| / ;"o{ c+lst ul/Psf]
 gf/f M æPstfa4 b]z, v]ns'bsf] ;Gb]zÆ
 gf/f tof/ ug]{ M ;'of]Uo/fh sfÇn]n] tof/ u/]sf
 pQm k|ltof]lutfdf #^ v]n ;dfj]z, @ v]n -5]nf] / Sofgf]lgª_ k|bz{gL v]nsf ¿kdf cfof]hgf ePsf
 s'n v]nf8L ;+Vof M ^!@& hgf -k'?if M #$!$ hgf, dlxnf M @&!# hgf_
 sfG5f] v]nf8L M /Lltsf a'dL -& jif{, kf}8L_
 Ho]i7 v]nf8L M wgaxfb'/ 3n] -^! jif{, :Sjf;_
 pb\3f6geGbf cl3 ePsf v]nx¿ M k'?if lqms]6 / dlxnf lqms]6
 klxnf]k6s RoflDkog 6f]nLnfO{ 6«kmLsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]
 v]ns} bf}/fgdf Kof/fUnfOl8ª v]nf8L lgl;d yfkfsf] lgwg ePsf] -v]ns} qmddf lgwg ePsf] klxnf] 36gf_
;jf{lws kbs lhTg] v]nf8L
 klxnf] M lqe'jg cfdL{ SnasL 8'jfgf nfdf -( :j0f{ / ! /ht u/L s'n !) kbs_
 bf];|f] M gfl;/ x';]g -& :j0f{, @ /ht / ! sf+:o u/L s'n !) kbs_
 t];|f] M /fh' /fO{ -& :j0f{_
gjf}+ /fli6«o v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfsf] clGtd kbs tflnsf
qm=;++= l6d :j0f{ /ht sf+:o hDdf
!= g]kfn cfdL{ !&@ !!) *( #&!
@= PkLPkm ^% &# *! @!(
#= g]kfn k|x/L ^! ^! &# !(%
$= u08sL k|b]z #@ #! %& !@)
%= jfUdtL k|b]z @$ $& &$ !$%
^= sf]zL k|b]z !) @# %) *#
&= ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z !) !) $# ^#
*= Pgcf/Pg !) ( & @^
(= n'lDagL k|b]z ^ @@ $) ^*
!)= dw]z k|b]z % * @^ #(
!!= s0ff{nL k|b]z @ $ !@ !*
hDdf #(& #(* %%@ !#$&

;d;fdlos 36gfqmdx¿ by Sabin Ghimire Sir ÷ 21