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19 IrDa

Here are the key steps: 1. Connect an IR receiver to the UART RX pin. The IR receiver will convert the IR signal to an electrical signal. 2. Configure the UART in receive mode. Set the baud rate high enough to capture the bit transitions in the IR protocol. 3. Read the UART data register in a loop. The received bits will match the encoded IR protocol bits. 4. Decode the received bits based on the protocol specification. Extract things like the address, command code, etc. 5. Take appropriate actions based on the decoded values, like turning on/off devices. So in summary, the UART hardware can be used to reliably receive and

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Omar Salaheldin
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75 views56 pages

19 IrDa

Here are the key steps: 1. Connect an IR receiver to the UART RX pin. The IR receiver will convert the IR signal to an electrical signal. 2. Configure the UART in receive mode. Set the baud rate high enough to capture the bit transitions in the IR protocol. 3. Read the UART data register in a loop. The received bits will match the encoded IR protocol bits. 4. Decode the received bits based on the protocol specification. Extract things like the address, command code, etc. 5. Take appropriate actions based on the decoded values, like turning on/off devices. So in summary, the UART hardware can be used to reliably receive and

Uploaded by

Omar Salaheldin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Infrared Communication

Real Time
Embedded Systems
www.atomicrhubarb.com/embedded
Lecture 1 – January 17, 2012
Topic
Section Topic
• Where in the books
– Catsoulis chapter/page
– Simon chapter/page
– Zilog UM197 (ZNEO Z16F Series Flash Microcontroller Contest Kit User Manual)
– Zilog UM171 (ZiLOG Developer Studio II—ZNEO User Manual)
– Zilog PS220 (ZNEO Z16F Series Product Specification)
– Zilog UM188 (ZNEO CPU Core User Manual)
– Assorted datasheets
IrDA
 Infra Red transmission of data.
 IRDA = Infra Red Data Association
Developed and maintains IRDA
standard.
 Standard Includes low level protocol
and several high level protocols.
 Not all IR communication is IRDA
IrDA
 Point to point protocol
 Asynchronous serial transmission
 Short distances
 IrDA 1.0 = 2,400 pbs to 115.2 kpbs, 3
feet
 Infra Red signals modulated on a 40
Khz carrier.
IrDA
 SIR - Serial (Slow) infrared
 9.6 kbps to 115.2 kbps, RZI modulation
 MIR - Medium infrared
 576 kbps and 1152 kbps, RZI modulation
 FIR - Fast infrared
 4 Mbps, 4 PPM (Pulse-position modulation)
 VFIR - Very fast infrared
 16 Mbps, HHH (1,3) modulation
What is PPM encoding?
PAM
 The PAM data stream is
transmitted as a
uniformly spaced
sequence of constant-
width pulses. The
intensity of each pulse is
modulated by
amplitude. This is
similar to AM radio
broadcast, except the
carrier is a pulse rather
than a sine wave.
PDM
 Since amplitudes are
degraded by noise, the
data stream is converted
to a constant-amplitude
pulse modulation
scheme. PDM (Pulse
Density Modulation)
carries the information in
the pulse width, which
varies directly to the
amplitude of the signal.
PPM
 PPM (pulse position
modulation) results if the
PDM waveform is
differentiated &
rectified. Distance
between pulses is the
sampled amplitude of the
sine wave. Average
system power for PPM is
much lower than PDM at
the expense of greater
bandwidth.
PCM
 In PCM (pulse code
modulation), each
pulse is encoded into
its binary equivalent.
During PCM encoding,
the serial output
stream is conditioned
for the communication
link.
PCM
 You establish the patterns used to
represent logical one and zero values.
A number of PCM codes have been
designed for different performance.
What is NRZ, RZ, RZI
encoding?
NRZ, RZ, RZI
 Non-Return to Zero 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
(NRZ) signal does not
return to zero after
bit is transmitted
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
 Return to Zero (RZ)
the signal changes
not between bits but
during each bit 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
 RZI – Return to Zero
Inverted
IrDA
IrDA
Ir data

Ir Ir
Z16 UART ENDEC ENDEC UART Device
TxRx TxRx
IrDA layers
 Physical Layer – Optical, encoding of
data.
 IrLAP – Link Access Protocol
 IrLMP – Link Management Protocol
 IAS – Information Access Service
 TinyTP – Tiny Transport Protocol
 IrOBEX – Object Exchange Protocol
 IrCOMM – Serial & Parallel Port
emulation
 Alas, www.blaulogic.com is no more.
 But Gerd Rausch's code lives on, use the
Internet wayback machine:
http://web.archive.org/web/2006112420513
8/www.blaulogic.com/pico_irda.shtml
IrDA view angle
•SIR

 Data encoded from NRZ to RZI


encoding, then transmitted
 Led is pulsed for 3 of 16 bit positions
3/16 data modulation

Clock

Data Bit

IR
IR Remote Control Signals

 The control codes are sent in serial


format modulated on a 36-40 kHz
carrier frequency
 The data rate sent is generally in the
range of 100-2000 bps.
IR Remote Protocols
 There are many different coding
systems in use, and generally different
manufacturers use different codes and
different data rates for transmission.
 Common ones:
 JVC Protocol
 NEC Protocol
 Nokia NRC17
 Sharp Protocol
 Sony SIRC
 Philips RC-5
 Philips RC-6
 Philips RECS80
SIRC
 Sony IR Control protocol
 12-bit, 15-bit and 20-bit versions of the
protocol exist (12-bit described here)
 5-bit address and 7-bit command length (12-
bit protocol)
 Carrier frequency of 40kHz
 Uses predefined addresses (devices like TV
or VCR) and commands (+channel,-volume,
etc).
Sony SIRC
 Uses a pulse width
encoding of the bits. The
pulse representing a
logical "1" is a 1.2ms long
burst of the 40kHz
carrier, while the burst
width for a logical "0" is
0.6ms long. All bursts are
separated by a 0.6ms
long space interval.
 Typical pulse sequence of
the SIRC protocol.
RC-5
 Philips RC-5 Protocol
 The RC-5 code from Philips is possibly the
most used protocol by hobbyists, probably
because of the wide availability of cheap
remote controls (and its simple).
 The protocol is well defined for different
device types ensuring compatibility with
your whole entertainment system.
RC-5
 5 bit address and 6 bit command length (7
command bits for RC5X)
 Bi-phase coding (aka Manchester coding)
 Carrier frequency of 36kHz
 Constant bit time of 1.778ms (64 cycles of
36 kHz)
 Uses predefined addresses (devices like TV
or VCR) and commands (+channel,-volume,
etc).
RC-5
 Uses bi-phase modulation
(Manchester coding) of a
36kHz IR carrier frequency.
All bits are of equal length of
1.778ms in this protocol,
with half of the bit time
filled with a burst of the
36kHz carrier and the other
half being idle.
 Typical pulse sequence of an
RC-5 message.
Manchester Encoding?
Whats that?
Manchester Encoding?

Image from wikipedia


The essence: data is encoded in the rising
or falling edge.
IR Uses
 Data Exchange (IrDA)
 Remote Controls
 Low data rate communication
 Application specific protocols
 Some other stuff
IR References
 IrDA Infrared Communications: An
Overview
 http://www.web-
ee.com/primers/files/irda.pdf
 Agilent IrDA Data Link Design Guide
 San Bergmans Ir Remote Knowledge Base
 http://www.xs4all.nl/~sbp/knowledge/ir/rc
5.htm
Can you see IR signaling?
Many digital cameras are IR
sensitive
IrDA on the ZNEO
 The Z16 contains two fully-functional, high-
performance UART to Infrared Encoder/Decoders
(Endecs).
 Each Infrared Endec is integrated with the on-chip
UART to allow easy communication between the Z16
and IrDA transceivers.
 Infrared communication provides secure, reliable,
low-cost, point-to-point communication between
PCs, PDAs, cell phones, printers and other infrared
enabled devices.
IrDA Block Diagram
IrDA Pins
• PD4 – RDX1
• PD5 – TXD1
• PA4 – RXD0
• PA5 – TXD0
Configure
 Just like UART but with one additional
bit.
 IREN bit in U0CTL1 (and U1CTL1)
IrDA Transmit Data
IrDA Receive Data
IrDA Recipe
 All Infrared Endec configuration and
status information is set by the UART
control registers.

 So how do we choose between Serial


Port and IrDA?
IrDA Details

• Whats a “J10” ?
IrDA
Can the Z16 speak
IR Remote Control
(like RC-5 or SIRC)?
What does “PA5_TXD0” mean?
So ....

• ... what if we
don't enable the
alternate
function on
Z16
these pins. Then
what have we
done?
This is RC-5
Recall ...
This is RC-5

1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

Address 5 Command 2
(VCR) (“2” button)
Can the UART
encode/decode these
1's and 0's for us?
Decoding IR remotes

 That might make an interesting project


or lab

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