TABLE OF CONTENTS

General Guidelines
Section I - .........................................................................................................
 E- mail + CV
 Minutes
 Internal memo
 Book review
 Confidential report + E- mail
 Recipe
 Internal memo
 Speech + E- mail
 Fax
 Book review
 Instructions/ directions
 Internal memo
Answers
INTEGRATED ENGLISH LITERATURE
Introduction
The teaching and learning of English as a second language entails that a learner does a lot of
practice in the four key areas of:
i) Listening
ii) Speaking
iii) Reading
iv) Writing
This therefore means that a diagnostic approach to establish learner’s problems must be carefully
done. All of us will agree that if one must learn swimming then it means that, the swimming candidate
should be ready to step in the water and practice the learning of English entails that one is exposed to the
language fully
A candidate preparing to sit for the K.C.S.E exams must have a very mastery of the following
1. GRAMMAR
The study of grammar should help the student to communicate clearly and understand well and
clearly what is heard and read. Grammar entails
a) Parts of speech
i) Nouns
 Common nouns
 Proper nouns count
 Concrete nouns
 Abstract nouns Non- count

Regular nouns
 Number
Irregular nouns

 Collective nouns
 Compound nouns
 Possessives
 Use of phrasal quantifiers
 Typical noun derivations
 Gender – sensitive language
 Functions of nouns in sentences – subject, object, complement
ii) Pronouns
 Personal pronouns
 Possessive pronouns
 Reflexive pronouns
 Functions of pronouns
 Number and person in pronouns
 Interrogative pronouns
 Relative pronouns
iii) Verbs
 Lexical – regular verbs/ irregular verbs
 Auxiliary verbs – primary and modal
 Tenses – simple present tense / simple past tense
 Aspect – perfective and progressive
 Future time
 Transitive and intransitive verbs
 Infinitive s
 Phrasal verbs and idiomatic expressions
 Participles
 Participate phrases
 Gerunds
iv) Adjectives
 Comparative and superlative forms
  Regular and irregular adjectives
 Gradable and non- gradable adjectives
 Order of adjectives
 Quantifiers – few, a few, little, a little
 Position of adjectives – predicative/ attributive
 Typical endings of adjectives
 Functions of adjectives
v) Adverbs
 Adverbs of manner, time and frequency
 Adverbs of place and degree
 Comparative and superlative forms of adverbs
 Formation of adverbs
 Functions of adverbs (modifiers)
 Position of adverbs in sentences
 Typical endings of adverbs
vi) Prepositions
 Simple prepositions – in, of, at
 Complex preposition – despite the fact, in spite of
 Distinguishing prepositions from connectors and adverb particles
 Functions of prepositions in a sentence
vii) Conjunctions
 Co-ordinating conjunctions – and, but or
 Sub-ordinating conjunctions – because, when that, which
 Correlative conjunctions – both….. and
- Not only ….. but also
- Neither …….. nor
- Either ……… or
- No sooner ………. That
 Functions of conjunctions in sentences
viii) Articles
 Definite article – the
 Indefinite articles – a, an
ix) Interjections
 Identification and usage in sentences

b) Phrases
 Constituents of a noun i.e. determiner, modifier + main noun
 Examples of noun phrases
 Constituents of verb and adverb phrases and examples
 Prepositional and adjectival phrases
c) Simple sentences
 Sentence structure (subject, predicate)
 Types of sentences
 Declarative / affirmative
 Imperative
 Interrogative
 Negative
 Exclamatory
d) Clauses
 Independent and sub-ordinate clauses (relative and adverbal clauses)
 Compound sentences
 Complex sentences
 Active and passive voice
 Conditional and adjectival clauses
 Noun clauses
  Compound – complex sentences
 Direct and indirect speech
 Inversions
 Sentence connectors
 Substitution and ellipsis

2. LISTENING AND SPEAKING

By the time a candidate prepares to sit for the final exam it is expected that they have been
provided with appropriate opportunities in the above areas. This is done through:
 Reciting poems
 Telling stories
 Discussing contemporary issues
 Debating
 Dramatizing
 Role – playing
 Speech drills

Content and listening and speaking

a) Pronunciation
 English sounds – vowel and consonant sounds
 Distinction between English sounds, mother tongue and Kiswahili
 Identification of problematic sounds
 Mastery of problematic sounds in meaningful contexts i.e. by use of tongue twisters, songs and
poems
 Stress and intonation
 Rhyme in poetry
 Word play (puns)
 Alliteration and assonance in poetry
 Distinguishing word class on the basis of stress
 Use of tone to reveal attitude

b) Listening comprehension and note – taking

This section is very common in paper 101/2 and 101/1
 Listening and responding to oral narratives
- Myths
- Legends
- Dilemma
- Trickster
- Ogre/ fable
- Animal/ plant tales
Features of each genre of oral literature
Listening and responding to information/ articles on:
- Children’s rights
- Child labour
- Environment
- HIV/ AIDS
- Moral values
- Issues of social responsibility
- Drug and substance abuse
- Equal role of men and women
- Integrity/ anti- corruption education
- Information technology
- Poverty eradication
- Skills of attention and turn taking through use of dialogues
c) Mastery of content
This section is common in paper 101/1
 - Debates
- Interviews
- Discussion
- Speeches
- Oral reports
d) Etiquette
- Use of courteous language e.g. tank you sir, excuse me sorry, please e.t.c.
- Telephone etiquette
- Appropriate choice of register
- Interrupting and disagreeing politely
- Negotiation skills
- Turn taking
- Paying attention (listening)
e) Non- verbal cues that enhance listening and speaking (Common in paper 101/1 and 101/2)
- Importance of respecting personal space
- Facial expressions, gestures and eye contact
- Bowing/ curtsying
- Appearance and grooming
- The area of listening and speaking is very crucial for students preparing to sit for KCSE exams
and any other. Questions on oral skills – paper 101/1 and 101/2 are normally drawn from this area

3. READING
Mastery of reading is handy as this is a very important component of language learning
a) Content area
 Silent reading – avoid the following:
Moving lips
Verbalizing words
Use of fingers
Moving the head
 Development of good reading habits in:
Silent reading
Reading aloud
Speed reading
 Using dictionary
 Using the library
 Scanning and skimming
 Using reference materials
 Interpretive reading
 Study reading
 Note – making
 Critical reading
 Recognizing attitude and tone
 Distinguishing facts from opinions
 Close reading

b) Intensive reading
1. i) Study of poems, plays and short stories
ii) Plot and literary language

2. i) Study of novels, plays and poems

ii) Characterization and themes
iii) Aspects of style

3. i) Study of novels, plays, poems and short stories

ii) Critical analysis of three prescribed texts (set books)
iii) Oral literature
 c) Extensive reading
i) Literacy and non- literacy materials on contemporary issues such as :
 Children’s rights
 Child labour
 Environment
 HIV/ AIDS
 Moral values
 Social responsibility
 Gender responsiveness
 Drug and substance abuse
 Human rights
 Integrity
 Good governance
 Technological advancement
 Poverty eradication
ii) Adventure stories
iii) Fairy tales
iv) Poems
v) Plays
vi) Novels
vii) Short stories
viii) Newspapers, magazines, periodicals
ix) Biographies
x) Reports

d) Comprehension skills
i) Recall, comprehension application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation
ii) Summary and note taking

4. WRITING
This is a skill of language learning that needs a lot of practice
Content
a) Handwriting
- Legibility and tidiness
b) Spelling
- Mastery of spelling rules
- Master commonly miss pelt words
c) Building sentence skills and paragraphing
- Writing clear and correct sentences
- Structure of the paragraph - Topic sentences
- Supporting sentences
- Clincher sentences
- Sequencing of ideas
- Unity in paragraphs
- Sentence variety – using simple, compound and complex sentences
- Devices of developing paragraphs
- Giving reasons/ examples
- Comparing and contrasting
- Using idiomatic expressions
- Using facts/ statistics
- Using rhetorical questions
- Cohesion in paragraphs
- Using transitional words and phrases
- Choice of words
- Recurrent words (different words that refer to the same idea in the paragraph)
- Paraphrasing
d) Punctuation
i) Capitalization
ii) Final punctuation marks
iii) Commas
iv) Question marks
v) Apostrophe
vi) Hyphen
vii) Colon
viii) Semi colon
ix) Dash
x) Parenthesis
xi) devices for presenting titles of publication, quotations and headings
e) Personal writing
i) Diaries
ii) Addresses
iii) Packing lists
iv) Personal journals
v) Shopping lists
vi) Reminders
viii) Recipes
f) Social writing
i) Informal (friendly letters)
ii) Invitations
iii) Notes of thanks, congratulations and condolences
iv) Telegrams
v) E – mails
vi) Fax
vii) Instructions to family and friends
g) Study writing
i) Making notes
ii) Taking notes
iii) Summaries
iv) Descriptive essays
v) Synopsis
vi) Reports
vii) Argumentative essays
viii) Reviews
ix) Expository
x) Questionnaires
h) Creative writing
i) Imaginative compositions
ii) Poems
iii) Dialogues
iv) Plays
v) Short stories
vi) Autobiographies
vii) Biographies
i) Institutional writing
i) Public notices
ii) Inventories
iii) Telephone messages
iv) Filling forms
v) Letters of apology
vi) Notification of meetings
vii) Agenda and minute writing
viii) Memoranda
ix) Curriculum vitae
x) Speeches
ENGLISH PAPER 101/1 FUNCTIONAL SKILLS

SECTION I
The English paper 101/1 – functional writing has three questions namely:

Q1 FUNCTIONAL WRITING – 20 MARKS

This area is drawn from the section of writing discussed in the introductory section of this
booklet. This can be drawn from:
i) Personal writing
ii) Social writing
iii) Study writing
iv) Creative writing
v) Institutional writing

Types of functional writing

 E- mail + CV
 Minutes
 Internal memo
 Book review
 Confidential report + E- mail
 Recipe
 Internal memo
 Speech + E- mail
 Fax
 Book review
 Instructions/ directions
 Internal memo
 CV

QUESTION 2 – CLOZE TEST – 10 MARKS

A cloze test is a type of test in which one has to put suitable words in blank spaces in a short
passage where words have been left out at intervals of six to ten words. A cloze test has ten blanks
which add up to ten marks in the exam. A cloze test evaluates one’s comprehension of the
passage, different parts of speech, spelling, tense, vocabulary and general language use. Always
supply the blank with the most correct one - word answer

POINTS TO NOTE ON CLOZE TEST

1. Always read through the passage at least three times without filling any words in the blanks
2. Note carefully repeated words and ideas. This could act as possible clues
3. Note the punctuation of the passage as this gives possible clues
4. Always give one – word answers which also include hyphenated compound words
5. Ensure that your answers are relevant and grammatically correct
6. Put emphasis on subject – verb agreement
7. Use noun numbers correctly i.e. singular and plural forms

QUESTION 3 – ORAL SKILLS

Oral communication is any communication by word of mouth. Any effective oral communication
will depend on the learner’s ability to speak and listen effectively. Listening and speaking skills
are important because:
i) They help us to acquire acceptable communication skills
ii) To respond to information correctly
iii) To adhere to other language conventions
iv) To pronounce sounds correctly
 v) Listen to the other person carefully so as to advance a sound judgment
vi) Be convincing enough, if one wants to get something then he/ she must give valid and
reasonable reasons
vii) Be compromising in case one doesn’t get what they want. However it is important for
one to state their stand clearly
viii) Appreciate the other party’s view and let them know this as much

Question three of this section tests oral skills (listening and speaking). It majorly deals with
punctuation, listening comprehension, note taking, debates, speeches, interviews, discussions, oral
reports, etiquette and non verbal clues of communication that enhance listening and speaking

Constants and vowel sounds are also tested here. Problematic sounds are tested in tongue twisters,
poems, songs, riddles or proverbs. Word or sentence stress is also tested as well as stylistic
aspects of poetry such as rhyme, rhythm, assonance, alliteration, puns, intonation, tone, attitude
and mood. Oral literature is also tested in this section as well as etiquette, mostly in dialogues or
telephone conversations. Issues of etiquette such as use of courteous language, negotiation skills,
paying attention, turn taking, correct choice of register, interacting and disagreeing politely

TONE, ATTITUDE AND MOOD

TONE
This is the quality of voice or the general character and attitude that expresses a particular
emotion. This is the poet’s outlook. It is the mirror in which the speaker talks, usually inferred
from the choice of words. Tone may be expressed as: cold, eager, harsh, gleeful, proud, satirical,
doubtful, hostile, surprised, assertive, ironical, grateful, commanding, pleading and reprimanding
In poetry, the persona’s attitude towards the subject or characters can be revealed through the tone

ATTITUDE
This refers to the way the poet feels about a subject or the character in the poem. It may be
described as amusing, patronizing, contemptuous, critical, hostile, sympathetic, disapproving,
harsh, kind, serious, cruel or adoring

MOOD
This refers to the general feeling of the speaker, the climate or the atmosphere surrounding a
literary work. (Poetry or prose). Words such as ‘good’ or ‘bad’ are not specific hence not used
here. Mood can be described by such adjectives like happy, quiet, desperate, tense, thankful, sad
(melancholic) solemn, silent, violent, jubilant, assertive, ironic, comprehensive, lively,
remorseful, optimistic, and pessimistic

SECTION A - WORDS WITH SIMILAR PRONUNCIATION

SECTION B - IDENTIFYING WORDS THAT ARE THE ODD ONES
SECTION C - INDICATING STRESS WORDS
SECTION D - IDENTIFY SILENT LETTERS IN WORDS
SECTION E - DIVIDING WORDS INTO CONSTITUENT SYLLABLE UNITS
SECTION F - READING STORIES
SECTION G - POEMS
SECTION H - TONGUE TWISTERS
SECTION I - LISTENING AND SPEAKING SKILLS/ CONVERSATIONS
SECTION I – QUESTIONS: FUNCTIONAL WRITING -20 MARKS
CURRICULUM VITAE
a) Through the e-mail
1. Imagine that you have completed secondary education. You have come across an advertisement
in one of the daily newspaper that required clerical officers. The email address of the Company
is [email protected]. You are interested in the job. Write one page curriculum vitae (C.V)
using the e-mail address of the company

1. Must be an e – mail
Layout
To: [email protected]
From: [email protected]
DATE: Tuesday 19th, may 2009
Subject : Position of clerical officer

A. Personal information
Name
Date Of Birth
Marital status
Nationality
Telephone number

B. Educational background
C. Qualification
D. Work experience
E. Interests/ hobbies
F. referees names and addresses
G. Complimentary close. Yours faithfully/ Sincerely
Eunice Kiprono
Language accuracy: - spelling, punctuation, tense
- Tone should be formal
b) Normal CV
2. Imagine that you have done K.C.S.E exams, qualified and done some training in a professional
course. You have seen an advertisement in “Sunday mirage” Newspaper of a position you qualify
for. You then decide to apply for it. Write your Own curriculum vitae (C.V)

2. Check on following details:

i) Bio data
 Name
 Date of birth
 Gender
 Marital status
 Address
 Telephone number
(ii) Educational background
 Dates, certificates and name of institution to be listed beginning with the latest to the earliest.
(iii) Professional background
o Any specialized trainings be listed starting with the latest tot the earliest
iv) Work experience to show dates and positions held and the institution
 show language competence.
v) Hobbies/interests
vi) References – Names of personalities and address
vii) signature- Check on the language competence
It must have the curriculum vitae’s format with the above details If not deduct up to 4marks
MINUTES
3. You are the Secretary of your School’s Drama club. Your club is holding its second meeting of
the year to discuss the following issues:-
(i) Tour to Nairobi
(ii) Awareness campaign
(iii) Strengthening of drama in the school
Two people have sent their apologies and a member from the writer’s club has also attended the
meeting. Write the minutes you could take at the meeting
3. `Must be minutes ``
Format
1(½mk)
title – Name of school
- Name of club1 (½mk)
 (½mk)
- Venue of meeting
- date (½mk)
1
- Time (½mk) 1
Attendance ; present 
- apologies 
- absent – (optional ) Don’t award in attendance -1

body – (i) Preliminaries ( ½mk) 

(ii) Confirmation of previous minutes (½mk)
(iii) Matters arising (½mk)


(iv) Visit to Nairobi ( ½mk)

(v) Awareness compass (½mk)
(vi) Strengthening of drama in 
the school (½mk)
(vii) Adjournment ( ½ mk) 
 Chairman ( ½mk) - Secretary ( ½ mk)
space for signing
total =
F – 10 
L–6
C – 4 (Give marks out of four depending on how effectively the three main items of the agenda are
discussed. The three should be considered together
Language scale
A–6
B – 4-5
C – 2-3
D – 1-2
- These grades correspond to those in paper 3 questions 1 where the scale is (0-20)
A candidate who does not use the minutes format will forfeit the marks for format.
OPTION 2
a) Heading- If 2 or more items missing deduct
 If only one item missing deduct ½ mk
b) Record of attendance-
 Members present-2mks (protocol must be followed if not no mark)
 Absent with apology-
 Absent-
 In attendance-
c) Body
 Preliminaries-1mk
 Main agenda-3 items 1mk each-total
 A.O.B-
 Adjournment-
d) Signing off-
 Chairman√ ½ sign√ ½ date√ ½
 Secretary√ ½ sign√ ½ date√ ½
(½ x6=3mks)
(If signed/dated = Zero)
INTERNAL MEMORANDUM
4. Imagine you are the managing directors of Alroki industries Eldoret. You manufacture padlocks
and of late, there has been a lot of bad press concerning your products. Write an internal
memorandum to your operations manger and sales and marketing manager. Advise them on
what should be done to counter the bad press and also recapture and retain your market
share.

4. FORMAT
Must be an internal memo
Must have:
a) Address (logo) (½ )
b) recipient-operations manger (½) sales and marketing manager (½ )
c) Sender-the managing director (½ )
d) Date – (½mk )
e) ref- 1mk
f) subject- (½ mk)
g) Complementary close-yours faithfully-1mk
h) signature-
i) name-
j) Designation –

Body/content
a) Description of items that have received bad press
b) Brief explanations of the alleged faults -
c) Solutions to the faults identified -
d) Advice on how to counter the criticism -
e) Closing remark- ½
f) Formal tone- ½

Language
5marks-very good language. Without any mistakes whatsoever. Can arouse a spark, poem with
correct tone etc
4marks.just a good language .not many minor errors perhaps
3marks-fair language/average language with some minor errors
1-2marks-below average. cross errors can be found in the language. It is hard to follow the
story/chaotic.
OPTION 2
5. Imagine that you are the library captain in your school. Write a memo to the class prefects asking
them to ensure that students observe the library rules, especially regarding silence, prompt return
of books, appropriate dressing and observing opening and closing time.
5.
1. Functional writing
2. Expect a memo
3. (i) Layout
(a) Name of the school½
(b) Date ½
(c) Ref. No. ½
(d) To ½
(e) From ½
(f) Subject
(g) Signature ½
(h) Name (i) Name: Internal memo ½
(Expect 8 areas (½ a mark each)

(ii) Tone –
(iii) Body Silence
Prompt return of books
Opening and closing time
Appropriate dressing in the library
(iv) Language A – 4
B–3
C–2
D–1
(v) Margin /frame

ANYIKO SECONDARY SCHOOL

LOOSE MINUTES / MEMORANDUM/ MEMO/INTERNAL MEMO
Ref No.
½
From
To ½ ½ Date:
½ ½
Subject
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sign:
Otieno John

OPTION 3
6. Imagine you are the school captain, and the CDF committee wishes to set up a project
in your school. The principal has asked you to organize with the prefects to collect students
views on the most appropriate project. Write an internal memo to the concerned
prefects.20mks)

6. Must be an internal memo

Format
Content (body)
Language
TOTAL

SAMPLE FORMAT
LETTER HEAD√1
INTERNAL MEMO
Ref No. √1
To √ ½
From √ ½
Date√1
Subject√1
Closure (Designating) √1
TOTAL
CONTENT/ BODY
- Invitation to meeting
- Source of information
- Purpose of meeting
- Time
- Venue
- Date
- Ending remarks
- TOTAL

LANGUAGE
1 -2 Very limited and hampered language
3 Able to communicate effectively
4 -5 Very good language, effortless, appropriate tone and vocabulary
- Good mastery of language
 * Use your direction as a teacher of English to award the linguistic mark

SAMPLE INTERNAL MEMO

SIKU NJEMA HIGH SCHOOL
INTERNAL MEMO
Ref No. 001/05/010 F
To: All school prefects
From: The captain
Date: 20th June, 2010
Subject: Prefect meeting/ C.D.F project/ choice of project/ project
I would like to invite you to a meeting to discuss how we can obtain the views of students
concerning the choice of project the C.D.F should establish in our school. The principal has requested
me to convene a prefects meeting to deliberate on how to collect the students views on what type of
project to be initiated
The meeting will be held on 30th June, 2010 in the main hall at 3:30 p.m.
You are reminded to keep time

Thank you

MAPITO WA MAPITO
SCHOOL CAPT

EXAMPLE 4
7. The lions football team has won the just completed world cup competition. You are the coach.
Write a memo congratulating them and informing them on when/how to collect their tokens.
Remember to have copies to the minister of sports. (20mks)
7.
 Must be a memo
 Formal tone must be felt – if not deduct 1 mk
 Award marks as follows:
i) Format – 8 mks
ii) Body – 6 mks
iii) Tone – 1 mk
iv) Language – 5 mks
SAMPLE
Format:
1. Letter head 1
2. internal memo 1 (underlined)
3. TO: 1
4. FROM: 1
5. Date: 1
6. Subject: 1
7. CC: 1
BODY
- State why the team is being congratulated.
- Must congratulate the team
- Mention something about the token
- Closing tag
- Valediction 1 (part of the format)
TONE: Formal tone must be felt 1
Language
5 mks – Good use of language with no grammatical errors
4 mks – No errors, the language naturally flow but simplistic
3 mks – Communicates but not clearly due to a few grammatical errors
2 mks – communicates with a lot of errors
1 mk – hardly communicates
BOOK REVIEW
8. You have finished reading the play Caucasian chalk circle and you would like to recommend it to
your classmates. In about 350 words, write the book review

8. Points to consider
a) Title of the book
b) Author
c) Publisher Format 6 marks
d) Year of publication
e) Price
f) Reviewer
. Summary of the book
a) Done in the form of a synopsis
Introduction; Setting in terms of time/ places
Body ;- Plot/ event, themes
Striking aspects of the book, could be style character and characterization, the setting
Conclusion- assessment/ recommendation giving reasons
Language-
Scoring: Format-
Content
Language

REPORTS (CONFIDENTIAL REPORT).

9. You are the principal of Baraka Teachers Training College and one of your graduates Mr.
Christopher Lipwoni has applied for employment as a teacher at Lirhanda boarding primary
school. The head teacher of that primary school has send you an email requesting you to avail
more information about Mr. Christopher Lipwoni to enable the school decide whether to employ
him or not. In the space provided below, write a sample report that you intend to email to the head
teacher. Remember to copy the report to the DEO Kakamega East District

9. (A Confidential report in form of an email).

1. Expect the format of an email – the student should use subject for the title of the body instead
of RE/REF: max. marks
2. Well constructed and relevant institutional (not personal) email addresses instead of the usual
official letter – format addresses
3. Copied to the DEO Kakamega East
4. Date and Time
5. Appropriate subject containing the name Christopher
Lipwoni and the specific job he was applied for.
N:B Do not penalize the student for using upper or lower case letter for writing
The content of the subject.
6. Expect the body to have the following features:
(i) Brief history regarding Christopher Lipwoni’s beginning and completion of his course
at the college.
(ii) Christopher Lipwoni’s personality – positive qualities/negative qualities 1mks
(iii) Christopher Lipwoni’s Academic/Educational record- 1mk
(iv) Recommendation for/against employment –

7. Closing tag (should not contain any signature) –

8. Grammar max. marks
9. General appear TOTAL
WRITING A SPEECH (EMAIL)
10. You are invited to give a speech on the role of the youth in fostering peace in your country
by a friend overseas. You are unable to travel due to unforeseen circumstances. E-mail your
speech to your friend to present it on your behalf.

10. Points of interpretation

(a) It must incorporate both the features of a speech and email. If not deducted up to 4mks for
wrong format (WF)
(b) E-mail must have the following :-
(i) From: the sender address in small letters e.g. [email protected]( ½ mk)
(ii) Date, day, date time (½ mk)
(iii) To: recipient address in small letters (½ mk)
iv) CC: blind copy to other recipients (½ mk)
(c) i) body of the speech
It must have the following
i) subject/title e.g. role of the youth in fostering peace in our county
(Must be communicative and related to question)
If title is just ‘speech’= (0mk)
ii) Acknowledgment
Must start with the most important person (s)
If jumbled deduct up to ( ½ mk)
If no acknowledgment (0mk)
iii) Tone should be 1st person pronoun e.g. ‘I/We’
If not deduct- (1AD)
iv) Body
At least three issues that foster peace must be
If not treat as irrelevant : award =(0mk)
E.g.
i) Educating masses through seminars, workshops etc
ii) Compose songs, poems, drama etc with the theme of peace.
iii) Preach peace in churches, mosques etc
iv) Enhance cohesiveness through sports games etc (Any other relevant issues)
v) Appropriate conclusion
Must be a summary of issues handled in the body
If only some items are handled-1mk
If conclusion is not tied to the body-0mk
(d) Language accuracy
A-6
B-5
C-3-4
D-00-02
NB: deduct-2AD for brevity in case the candidate uses less than 150 words

FAX
11. You are revising with your friend over the April holiday. On reaching school in May, you realize
that one of your books, Top Mark English is missing. Write a fax to your friend in a
neighbouring school requesting for the book he had borrowed from you

11. This is like an official letter with the following:

i) Addresses
ii) Date
iii) Fax number or phone number of correspondent
iv) Reference
v) Content
vi) Signature of the sender
INTRUCTIONS/DIRECTION
12. Imagine you live in Mumias, an average town in Western Kenya. The National Music
Festivals are set to be held in this town for five days. Your friend who lives in Webuye town
intends to come over.
a) Give them clear directions to Nabongo cultural centre in Mumias town. Make your instructions
as precise (one page) and clear as possible – you could use land marks, well known means of
transport, show distance in kilometers e.t.c.

12. Title – Book title

- Author
- Year of publication
- Price (Optional)

1. Points of interpretation
a) - Must be instructions/ directions. If not deduct 4 marks AD (Automatic Deduction)
- Relevant title e.g. How to get to Mumias
- Identify and address friend by name
- Go straight to the point
 From Webuye board a shuttle, Eld Express e.t.c. to Bungoma town-
distance of x Km. Mention markets, centers, institutions e.t.c along the road
 At Bungoma bus park near G/ hard ware e.t.c. board a matatu, minibus
e.t.c. to Mumias a distance of Y Km- mention markrts, stages e.t.c. along
the road
 In Mumias town alight in the bus park and pick a bicycle taxi to Bomani-
500m in the southern direction
b) Also prepare a packing list for your friend to facilitate their stay in Mumias town for the
duration of the festivals
- Must be a packing list. If not deduct 4 mks AD
- Items needed for the 5 days stay in Mumias: clothes, personal effects, foot wear,
money, personal documents, camera e.t.c.
- Format tabulated e.g.

S/NO Item Specification Details Mk

1 Clothes 5 shirts/ blouses e.t.c. White, black, cotton e.t.c. 1
2 1
3 1
4 1
5 1
6 1
6
N/B A row must have all the four items to earn full mark 3 items ½ m
Marks awarding:
a________ 08
b________ 06
La_________ 06

LETTER OF COMPLAINT
13. Write a letter to the clerk of your local council complaining about the loud music in the bars
where you live. Indicate how residents spend sleepless nights due to the loud music, and
what you think should be done

13. - Should be a letter of complaint

- Should have an official format
- Should have identification-who is the complainant and where he/she comes from
- Should describe the nature of the problem e.g. loud music in the bars near your home i.e.
should give examples for clarity
- Suggest what could be done
 2mks- Layout-more than 2 omissions – 1mk
4mks- Body – any important information lost out take away (1mk)
4mks- Language – tone, spellings i.e. grammatical errors
1. Check on heading
Introduction - Establish those present.
Body - Begin something interesting.
- Let it be coherent.
Conclusion - should be memorable.
- Rounded off naturally.
- Thank the audience for listening

RECIPE
14. An Italian friend who had come to visit you left for his country a few weeks ago. He writes to
inform you of his safe arrival and requests you for a recipe that would help him prepare ugali for
his two friends. Write him through this address; [email protected]
14.
1. Must be a friendly letter containing a recipe sent through an e-mail. Thus the informal tone of a
friendly letter should be felt. Also remember the commending language of a recipe.
2. The recipe can be written in either prose form or under sub-headings. However, it must have:-
(i) Ingredients and their actual quantity
(ii) The method in a logical order that is clear and in an imperative language with the
correct register
(iii) Mention what the meal is served with and whether hot or cold.
(iv) Must mention the number of people the food can serve
3. Include closing remarks
4. Velediciton

Marks awarded
Format- 8mks
Language- 5mks
Body – Ingredients – 2mks
Method- 5mks
Sample
FROM: [email protected](1mk)
DATE: 20th March, 2010 (1mk)
TO : [email protected] (1mk)
SUBJECT: Recipe for ugali (1mk)

Salutation (1mk)
Greetings and acknowledgement of the receipt of the request

Body- (i_) Ingredients (1mk)

 Sauce pan and cooking stick ½mk
 Half-a litre of water ½mk
 250grams of maize meal ½mk
(ii) Method
- Put the water in the sauce pan and place it on fire to boil (1mk)
- Add the flour little by little as you stir until the ugali is tough enough. Keep the fire
constant.
- Reduce the fire and leave it to simmer for five minutes while it is covered
- Remove it from the fire and serve it hot with beef stew or green vegetables
Closing remarks (1mk)
Relediction (1mk)
 CLOZE TEXT
1. Fill in each of the blank spaces in the passage below with the most appropriate answer
One of the challenges…………………..(1)the country today is youth unemployment.
Related to this is lack of patriotism and a sense of……………………(2). A number of
interventions have been rolled to tackle……………………….(3)challenges that youth issues
are so……………………….(4),they deserve a ministry, not just a ………………….(5).
Among the notable programmes by the ministry was the creation………………………(6). Youth
fund, whose objective is to…………………….(7)money to youth people to venture into
business. ………………….…..(8) it is too early to assess its impact, the intention was noble.
Following this,…………………………...(9) government now wants to re-introduce a
company paramilitary training programme for school leavers…………….………..(10) the
National Youth Service.

2. Read the passage below and fill in each blank space with an appropriate word
Different types of oral literature can have (1) __________________, if not identical,
functions. One can use stories, riddles and proverbs, among other kinds of oral literature, to
express (2) ___________________. It is (3) ________________________true to say that one
type of oral literature may have many different (4) ____________________. For example a work
song that (5) ________________people to pull together in their efforts may also be sung as
entertainment for children, or as a political weapon when people are competing in parliamentary
elections. It is (6) ________________important that when one is collecting a song, one must also
find out for what purpose it is being sung.
(7) ________________________the text of the song is important, its context must (8)
_____________________be well known. The interest of the song is greatly enhanced and it is
given (9) ___________proper character by the (10) _______________in which it is sung.

3. Fill in each blank space with the most appropriate word.

Every year, we look (1)…………..…… to Christmas as a time for festivity and family get
together. The jovial atmosphere that surrounds the season lifts our spirits. Families make last
minute (2)…………..…… to the supermarkets to buy gifts to loved ones (3)…………..…….., we
forget that January is coming with (4)……………..……….challenges. The sooner you (5)
……………….…..… planning, the better. This will help you avoid going (6) ……………………....
…….. in your expenditure. Most people take this time to (7) ……………………... their upcoming
home, creating transport (8) ……………………….. all over. A reunion of relatives is always the joy
of charismas so to say. To some, it is just the onset of misery. This is because they don’t have anything
to (9)….…………………….. The last week of the year to them is always injury time. Either they do not
have anything to give or they are worried over (10).…………….……. and its responsibilities.

4. Read the passage below and fill in each blank space with an appropriate word
I do not support abortion. But there are cases of incest (1) ………. Rape where(2)
…..…should be given a chance to choose whether to live with the child or not. My
position is informed (3) ……….. the Christian faith that I profess. The Bible (4) ………
states that thou shall not kill.
Of course there may be a scenario in which a doctor is faced with a (5) ………. where a
mother’s life is in danger and the only way to save her life is to abort the (6) …..…………… It is
unfortunate that nobody wants to address that issue directly. (7) ……………………………..
my personal view is that doctors and experts should have the leeway to make professional
judgements. There are hard (8) ………….…………to be made like in the event of (9)….
……… risk of losing life, does the doctor save the foetus or the mother or let both to die?
When does life begin then? According to churches, life begins at conception. And when
does it end? Is it when one is put on a life support machine or when a doctor (10)……….
……………one dead? There is need to be pragmatic on this issue of abortion.
5. Fill in each of the blank space in the passage below with the most appropriate word. *
(1) ..............the deliberations began yesterday, it was evident that the climate of suspicion
and (2)................... blood still reigned. The M.P’s and (3) ................ of their political parties
 must acknowledge cardinal principal (4) ....................making accusation and issuing threats.
They are deliberating on the (5).................. of Kenya.
They were (6) .............. by the people of Kenya to sit in the August House to
(7).......... the people. They must remember that they are not discussing a constitution for
themselves or any other. They are not (8) ............. a constitution for president Kibaki or Prime
Minister Raila Odinga or any other individual (9) .......... may be having (10)......... for high office.

6. This may not be such a drab year after all (1) ……some good may yet be reported in
the education sector following Kenya National Examination Council (KNEC) decision to
(2) ……….KCSE examination candidates online.
Registering all candidates (3)........….is one way towards making the registration
process efficient and accountable. (4) ……….. this does not mean scrapping the time tested
manual method, it is surely a (5) ........…. in the right direction.
Also it is but one of (6) ……...……………reforms being undertaken in education matters
to reduce time school managers, students and parents expend ahead of national examinations.
It would also significantly reduce (7) ……of Academies registering weak students
(8)……..other examination centers and make it easier for candidates to (9) ………. the status of
their registration and (10).....……..perennial complaints of non-registration

7. Read the passage below and fill in each blank space with the appropriate word.
Garbage, garbage and more garbage; easy to generate but difficult to (1)_______
of. But if we stopped complaining about its chocking (2)_____ for even one minute, we
would realise that there is (3)______ that we can do about it – perhaps even earn a living
(4) _______ it.
There are women groups that have been making and selling high (5)______
manure from domestic waste such as potato and banana peels. In so doing they create
employment for (6)_______ and those who collect the garbage for them. The manure is
said to be so ______ that it causes crops to yield three times as much as other
types of manure ________ fertilizers. This boosts our agricultural sector (9)________.
In a country like Britain, waste paper can now be eaten. It is softened and sweetened
(10) ___a certain technology then fed to cows. Such cows are said to produce creamier milk.

8: Fill each of the blank spaces in the passage below with the most appropriate word.
The decision (1)……….....information ministers (2)…………...single out the Media (3) ……….
what is clearly an intrusive audit of (4) ………..performance prior to , (5) ……... , and after
the highly problematic December 2007 election should not come as a surprise. (6)
…………..has come as a surprise. (7) …...……...…..the somewhat muted response from the
media fraternity. From a lot that is usually vocal in the (8) ……….. of its rights (9) ............… both
real and imaginary foes, the silence is (10) ………..….frightening than government’s seemingly
single minded determination to gag the media.

9. Read the passage below and fill in each space with an appropriate word
We say that all children are born equal. (1) _____, apparently, not in Kenya where the
National primary school results (2) ____yesterday again display the superior performance of
private schools students compared to their counterparts in the public school system.
This is (3) ______worrying trend. We are building an unequal education system where the
wealthy can literally buy success.
Those children (4) _______parents have the means will attend private schools where they
stand better prospects of good primary school results, and thus have a head start in the
competition for (5) _______to the best secondary schools, and intimately the best chance at
coveted university places.
The children whose parents are not wealthy will have to (6) _______ with inferior
education from the word go. They will be (7) ______by the education system, and ultimately
condemned to lesser professional and employment prospects.
That is not the way to build a society where all have an equal chance (8) ______making it
in life.
This problem with the education system has been evident for some time. It has been
studied by academics and by task (9) ____and has been the subject of numerous reports. It
 is evident however, that the government has never taken it seriously enough to take any (10)
____action.

10: There are (1)……… people who have never known the real value of ironing clothes
before use. These people find ironing a (2)……. activity in the house and it continues daily
without anybody ever giving it much thought. By wearing clothes (3)……. are well ironed, we
look smart. There is definitely a great (4)…… between clothes that are not ironed and those that
are well ironed. Ironing is one of the most important activities as (5)…… as promotion of
personal hygiene is concerned. When clothes are hung (6)…………… To dry, they are exposed
to insects which could lay eggs or leave poisons that are (7)……….…. To us. Ironing protects us
(8)………. some diseases. (9)………… Clothes are not ironed before wearing, we are likely to
(10)………. From various skin problems such as skin rashes and irritations.

11. Fill in the blank spaces with the most appropriate word (10mks)
Although (1) _____President and prime minister effectively (2) _____ a ceasefire
(3) ______they (4)______on the telephone (5) _________ Wednesday night and asked
their lieutenants to cease hostility 6relationship may not b e out of the woods (7) _________.
The President (8) ______Prime Minister differed when Raila (9)_______ the suspension
of (10)___William Ruto of Agriculture and Sam Ongeri of Education a week ago.
(Adapted from The Standard Newspaper)

12. Read the passage below and fill in each blank space with an appropriate word. *
The (1)………………… common way for germs to spread from one person to another or
from animals to people is (2) ………………………… drinking water.
Drinking water from a tap is not possible for everybody (3) ……………………………..
wells and springs can be kept clean. Wells need a fence around them to prevent animals from
falling (4) ………………………….. People might not notice that there was a dead animal in the
well. Then it would rot and every one would become (5) ………………………………… from
the eater. (6) …………………………….. can put germs into springs and water-holes with their
feet and tongues if they drink from them. Springs and water-holes need a (7) ………………...
around them too. Best of all, drinking water sources should be covered and water taken
(8) …………… with a pump. People must not use the grass or brushes near a source of
drinking water as (9) ……………………… The (10) ……………………………. can easily be
washed into the water by the rain.

13. Elephants are entirely vegetarian. They may ______up to 300kg a day, which is hundred
______as much as a human being would consume. _____diet is varied since they are both
browsers and grazers. When there are too many elephants in a ____, they eat so much food that
_______there are no more leaves on the trees and bushes. They even resort to eating the bark of
______trees; and this kills the trees completely. Then there ______only the grass to eat, so the
elephants eat that leaving the soil _____. Strong winds and heavy rains quickly wash ____ the
good soil. The resulting ______impoverishes the soil so that no more plants will grow.

14. The US vice-president, Joe _____(1) was recently in the country yet for some reasons
his visit ____(2) elicited much excitement. No traditional dancers at the airport or the ‘we love
you Biden!’ screams (3) just irritation. It makes one ______(4) why heads of states insist ___
(5) sending envoys at great _____ (6) to tax payers to deliver messages to foreign leaders. That
probably made lots of sense in the dark day ____(7) communication was the forte of the village
drummer. ______ (8) in this age of _____(9), twitter, face book and the mobile phone, and
emissary who _____ (10) a whole city into a dizzy spin just to deliver ___(11)message sounds
crazy.

15. Fill in the blank spaces with the most appropriate word (10mks)
Although (1) _____President and prime minister effectively (2) _____ a ceasefire
 (3) ______they (4)______on the telephone (5) _________ Wednesday night and asked
their lieutenants to cease hostility 6relationship may not b e out of the woods (7) _________.
The President (8) ______Prime Minister differed when Raila (9)_______ the suspension
of (10)___William Ruto of Agriculture and Sam Ongeri of Education a week ago.
(Adapted from The Standard Newspaper)

16. Read the passage below and fill in each blank space with an appropriate word.
The (1)……… common way for germs to spread from one person to another or from
animals to people is (2) ………drinking water. Drinking water from a tap is not possible for
everybody (3) ……. wells and springs can be kept clean. Wells need a fence around them to
prevent animals from falling (4) ………People might not notice that there was a dead animal
in the well. Then it would rot and every one would become (5) …… from the eater. (6) ……….
can put germs into springs and water-holes with their feet and tongues if they drink from them.
Springs and water-holes need a (7) ……... around them too. Best of all, drinking water sources
should be covered and water taken (8) …………… with a pump. People must not use the grass or
bushes near a source of drinking water as (9) ……… The (10) ………. can easily be washed into
the water by the rain.

17. The US vice-president, Joe ____(1) was recently in the country yet for some reasons his
visit ____(2) elicited much excitement. No traditional dancers at the airport or the ‘we love you
Biden!’ screams (3) just irritation. It makes one ____(4) why heads of states insist ____ (5)
sending envoys at great _______ (6) to tax payers to deliver messages to foreign leaders. That
probably made lots of sense in the dark day _____(7) communication was the forte of the village
drummer. ____ (8) in this age of ____(9), twitter, face book and the mobile phone, and emissary
who ____ (10) a whole city into a dizzy spin just to deliver ______(11)message sounds crazy.
 ORAL SKILLS

1. THE MAGNIFICIENT BULL

My bull is white like the silver fish in the river
White like the shimmering crane bird on the river bank
White like fresh milk.
His roar is like thunder to the Turkish cannon
On the steep shore.

My bull is dark like the rain cloud in the storm.

He is like summer and winter.
Half of him is dark like the storm cloud,
Half of him is light like sunshine.

His back shines like the morning star.

His brow is red like the beak of the hornbill.
His fore head is like a flag, calling the people from a distance,
He resembles the rainbow.

I. The singer achieves rhythm in the song above through repetition of words i.e. “white like”
like e.t.c.
Identification
Illustration
II. If you are to do a live performance of this song how would you make it more
interesting to the audience?
b) Underline the silent letter in each of the following words (5mks)
i) Rendezvous
ii) Eulogy
iii) Tourism
iv) Condemn
v) Phlegm
c) Read the genre below, and then answer questions that follow:-
“Willy warmly welcomed Wendy and wondered why Wyatt walked wearingly while whistling.’
i) Classify the above genre.
ii) Identify and illustrate one sound pattern from the genre
iii) State any one function of the above genre
d) You school is participating in a debate and the motion is: “Parents should let children
decide their own destiny,” How would you ensure that your argument convincing? *KC*
e) Imagine that you are listening to a telephone conversation between a receptionist and a lady
whose child is very ill and she is seeking her physicians’ help. Unfortunately, Dr. Kemboi is
not in, but the receptionist is on the line. In the blank spaces, fill in what you think the
receptionist should have said to the lady.

2. (a) Read the narrative below and then answer the questions that follow:
A Greedy Old man and the sausage
Once upon a time, there lived an old man. One day he paid a visit to his in-laws. On
entering the house of his mother-in-law, he found that she had been roasting some meat, among
which was a delicious looking sausage and she was not in the house. He immediately took the
sausage and quickly shoved it into his quiver. And it so happened that a piece of live coal had got
stuck on the sausage but the old man didn’t know. He quickly shut the quiver.
No sooner had he sat down than the owner of the house came in. They sat down to talk
about the children’s health. When they had finished, it was time for the old man to return to his
home. Just then, the woman noticed smoke issuing from the quiver and asked the old man;
“Paker, how come the quiver is smoking?” The man answered, “Oh. It’s some naughty fire stick
with a soft head that smokes whenever it comes into contact with soft wood and the arrows.” The
 woman kept quiet and got up to escort her guest.
When they had walked only a short distance, the fire made a hole in the quiver and the
arrows fell out, tiak! together with the stolen sausage. The lady, who was walking closely behind,
exclaimed: ‘See, had I not known it! Then the old man fearing that his sausage might be eaten.
shouted, “Oh, my Paker, please do not eat it!”
So while the lady ran home in shame, the greedy old man continued with his journey in
extreme embarrassment. They showed each other their backs and there ends my story.

(i) State two things a narrator would do to draw the audience’s attention to the beginning of
t he story
(ii) Describe how a narrator would perform line 4-6 of the second paragraph
(iii) Explain three ways in which the audience can indicate active listening in the performance
of this narrative
(iv) Apart from using the ending formula, how else would a narrator signal to the audience
the ending of his story?

3. Read the following oral poem and answer the questions that follow:-
Where is she eee
Where is she ee
We want to pamper her
We want to pamper her x2

We advise you, we advise you

When you get there respect your husband
When he calls you, respond to his call
So that your marriage can last

Both of you may live in peace

Both of you may live in peace x2

(i) List down what is lost when the above song is written down
(ii) The above song is a translation from Kiswahili to English. What has been lost in the
translation?

(c) (i) Underline the stressed syllable in the correct pronunciation of the following words
(The dots indicate syllable boundaries)
(i) res. pect
(ii) re. view
(iii) in. ves. ti. gate
(iv) con.so.li.date
(v) cal. cu. late
(vi) di. vi. de (noun)

(ii) Provide another word with a similar pronunciation for each of the following words
(i) Feet
(ii) Alter
(iii) Ale
(iv) Cereal
(v) None
(vi) Ate
(d) (i) Explain three things you would do if you were unexpectedly asked to give a short speech
During the form four farewell party
(ii) You are giving this speech without a public address system. How do you ensure you are
heard clearly by everybody
4. i) Read the oral narrative and answer the questions asked.
THE MAN WHO LIVED WITH THE TRIBE OF HIS WIFE
There was a man, it is said, who lived with the ethnic group of his wife. One day he said to
his wife, “We are moving away-tell your people.” So she told her people and they gave him the
customary gifts and returned to him a part of his bride wealth.
Then this man who had been living with his wife’s ethnic group moved away with his
family and his wife, and after he had walked all day he set up a camp in a certain place. Then he
said to his wife, “woman, there is a matter I have to discuss with the people whom we left, and I
am going back to them. Pen the animals and wait for me.”

So he went back, and when he reached the village in the evening he sat down in the
clearing by the huts, intending to eavesdrop. The people were gossiping about and someone said,
“well, let us all give our opinion of that who stayed with our tribe for such a long time!”

“He was a good man.” said one.

“By God, he was a brave man.”
“By God, he was a generous man.”
“By God, he looked after the animals well.”
“By God, he had some knowledge of men.”

The whole village praised him, and all the time the man was listening. There was pause,
and then a young girl spoke, “but I know something about him that was bad!”
“What was it?” the people asked.
“He didn’t go far away enough from the huts when he urinated!” at this the whole
village burst in to laughter, but the eavesdropper was so angry that he stood up said to them,
“well, by God, I have moved far enough away now!” to the great astonishment of the whole
village.

a) How would you performs the narrative in order to capture the audience attention
b) (i) In which tone would the eavesdropper say last line of the narrative
ii) Underline the word in which the vowel sound is different in the following sets of words :
a) ship, sheep, sleep
b) Pull, pool, book
c) Bark, park, buck
d) Might, height, mice
e) Barn, ban, bag
iii) State whether the stress would fall on the first or second syllable on the word in
bold by underlining:
a) I don’t like associating with that rebel
b) Waiyaki had a lot of respect for the elders
c) We manage to turn the businesses
d) When can you contact me?
e) You can access a lot of information in the internet
iv) What would you consider important in giving someone directions especially to a
place that is difficult to trace?
v) What preparation would you do before attending an interview for a job?
5. Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow:-
ESCAPE FROM THE CITY
I seek a quiet country life
Without the city’s bursting strife
I seek the sight of trees ablaze
Instead of streets that form amaze
Barbara Klinger

i) Identify two sound patterns in this poem and state their effectiveness
a) i) rhyme Life Ablaze Strife Amaze
ii) Which words in the poem contain dipthongs?
iii) How could you say the first line of this poem and why?
iv) Describe the rhyme scheme of the poem above
b) In each of the following groups of words, one of the underlined is different from the rest.
Identify the word with the different sound:-
i) purse further fury nurse
ii) three thick theme these
iii) have fame rake fate
iv) heir honest honoraria harbour
v) committee constitution command commodity

c) Read the item below and answer the questions that follow:-
If freaky Fred found fifty feet of fresh fruit and fed forty feet to his friend Frank,
how many feet of fresh fruit did freeky Fred find?
i) Classify the oral item above
ii) Identify two characteristics of this genre
iii) State four functions of this genre

d) Explain the meaning of the following idiomatic expressions :-

i) They were taught by the word of mouth
ii) The guest of honour asked us to lend him our ears
iii) Politicians must now walk the talk
iv) Daisy has the gift of the gab

e) You are a TV presenter with “Duond Joka Nyanam” station. You have been assigned the
duty to interview an important and famous writer in the name of Ngugi Wa Thiong’o.
How would you prepare yourself for an effective session with a view to producing a good
programme?

6. a) Read the poem below and then answer the questions that follow:-
SWEET AND LOW
Sweet and low, sweet and low,
Wind of the western sea,
Low, low, breath and blow,
Wind of the western sea!
Over the rolling waters go,
Come from the dying moon, and blow,
Blow him again to me;
While my little one, while my pretty one, sleeps.

Sleep and rest, sleep and rest,

Father will come to thee soon;
Rest, rest on mother’s breast;
Father will come to thee soon;
Father will come to his babe n the nest,
Silver sails all out of the west
Under the silver moon;
 Sleep my little one, sleep, my pretty one, sleep.
Alfred lord Tennyson.

(i) State any two pairs of rhyming words from the above poem
(ii) Apart from rhyme, with illustrations from the poem, identify any other two techniques
that have been used by the poet to create rhythm in this poem
(iii) If you were to classify the above poem as a song, in which category would you
place it and why?
(iv) Comment on the number of syllables used in the last line of each stanza.
What does this tell you about the rhythm of this poem?
(v) If you were to recite this poem to its target audience, how would recite the last
line of the last stanza?
(vi) From the poem, identify any two words containing the vowel sound //

b) Underline the silent letters in the following words

i) Subtle
ii) Comb
iii) White
iv) Hymn
v) Clinton

c) Rewrite the following sentences identifying the stressed syllable in the underlined
words ( use stress marks)
i) Drug abuse is so rampant in coast province
ii) The alarm clock rang on time
iii) Can I have your contact, please
iv) We were forced to desert our fertile land and now, here we are in a total desert

d) Carefully study the following conversation and then answer the questions that follow:-.
Juma : I am so happy! (Jumps up) we finally did it! Four powerful sweet goals!
Solomon: No doubt about that victory! Chelsea…..
Collins :(interrupting) shut up your pointed beak! Its Chelsea not Chelesea! Simply stated;
the blues.
Solomon: Accept my apology. I didn’t mean to offend anyone. For your information Collins,
Man City isn’t my team. Notwithstanding, the fact remains that Manchester city outran
and outfoxed your team. I saw the match myself.
Juma: Hold your peace, boy. Are you not aware of the adage that goes: he who fights the truth,
fights against God! Chelsea can beat any other team in the English premier league but not
Manchester City: that’s the truth, period.
Collins : Sure? Come to think of it, have you ever stopped to wonder why all the beautiful women
in this present world and probably the one that will come, prefer to associate with Chelsea
players and fans rather than those of man city? Still wondering? Answer is obvious: Man
city players are not only short and ugly but also daft morons!
Juma: To be honest, you could be saying the truth as far as your captain’s snatching of Wayne
bridges girl friend is concerned. However, don’t you think it’s a show case of immorality,
for a married man like him to engage in an extra-marital affair?
Catherine: Guys, let’s end the entire talk. Why can’t we talk about AFC Leopards, Sofa Paka,
and Western Stima! Isn’t there any football being played in Kenya?
Solomon: True
Catherine: What I…..mean is, who in England talks about Western Stima? Anyway, thanks
for your company! (Walks away)

i) Identify and illustrate any two features demonstrated by Collins which indicate lack of
courtesy while conversing with others
ii) From the above dialogue, identify any two features of a healthy conversation
iii) With relevant illustrations from the above dialogue state any two features that characterize
natural speech
7. a) Read the genre below and answer the questions that follow:-
“How high up has he heaved his heavy hoe?”
i) Identify the genre above
ii) For what purpose would the above genre be used
iii) Cite one feature of oral skills used in the above genre
iv) Mention two characteristics of the above genre

b) Give another word that has the same pronunciation as the words below
i) Profit
ii) Mete
iii) Pull
iv) Dough
v) Key

c) Imagine that Ngugi Wa Thion’go, the author of the novel ‘The River Between’ has
been invited by the English department to give a lecture on the key themes and aspects
of style evident in the novel, in a week’s time. As one of the students of literature
preparing to offer him audience, what steps would you take just before and during
the presentation to ensure that you benefit fully from the event.

d) Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow:-
I stood and stared, the sky was lit
The sky was stars all over it
I stood. I knew not why
Without a wish, without a will
I stood upon the silent hill
My eyes were blind with stars still
I stared into the sky

i) Show how the poet has effectively created rhythm in this poem?
ii) What word would you stress in line 5 and why?
iii) Explain two ways in which you would make the recitation of the first three lines
of the poem effective

e) Read the conversation below and then answer the questions after it.
Hawa : Hallo, is that Thatu’s Girl’s school?
Peter : Yes, what is your name?
Hawa : Hawa Mukova
Peter : What do you want?
Hawa : May I speak to the head teacher?
Peter : He went to do shopping for his family. What did you want to tell him?
Hawa : Sorry it is confidential. May I speak to the deputy?
Peter : He is attending a pre-wedding in fact he is never in school
Hawa : Oh! I will call later
Peter : It’s okay
i) Identify four instances of lack of telephone conversation etiquette
ii) Write corrections using correct telephone etiquette
iii) Underline the silent letter in the following words
a) Eulogy
b) Phlegm

8. (a) For each of the following words, provide another similar pronunciation.
(i) Site …
(ii) Owe
(iii) Rite
(iv) Road
 (v) Blew
(b) A resource person has been invited to your school to talk on the newly introduced play
An Enemy of the People by Henrick Ibsen. What five things would you do to ensure you
benefit maximumly from this talk?
(c) Using each of the words given below, construct two sentences to bring out two different
meanings.
A. (i) Import
(ii) Import.
(iii) Produce.
(iv) Produce
d) Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow:-
THANK THE MOTHER
I thank thee mother
Your back I wet
When I leaked
like a broken gourd,

Your breast I sought

like a blind bat,
On your back
I swung like a little vagabond
but you said
‘It’s my vagabond.’

(i) Who is the persona?

(ii) On the line ‘Like a broken gourd.’ Which words would you stress? Why?
(iii) How is rhythm achieved in the poem? Illustrate.

(e) Read the story below and answer the questions that follow:-
There lived two men who were good friends. One of them was very wise and the
other very foolish. One day, they argued between themselves, and one said, “I am the
wisest man in this country.” The other said, “No,! I am the wisest.” As there was no way
of measuring wisdom, the two men did not know who was wiser than the other.
One day they were discussing the ill-behaviour of their wives and one of them
said, “If we want them to behave well we must beat them up. Women are like children,
beat them up and they will behave well.”
The other said, “No ! if you beat your wife, she will become worse.” After arguing
for a long time, they kept quiet and went home. On reaching his house, the man who was
in favour of beating wives began to beat an ox-skin vigorously. When the other heard this,
he thought the sound came from his friend beating his wife and he took a stick and beat his
wife severely until she fell sick and later died.
When the two men met later, it was now clear who between them was wiser than the other.
(Adopted from: The Hyena and The Rock by B.M.
Lusweti: Nairobi: The Macmillan Press Ltd. 1992)

(i) Suppose you are the one narrating this story, what would you do first before narration to
capture the attention of the audience?
(ii) How would you deliver the speech by the 2nd speaker? “No ! I am the wisest.”
(iii) If you are listening to this story, what would you expect the story teller to do so as to
make the story interesting?

(f) The following is a conversation between an Admission’s teacher and Juma, a Form One
seeking admission to Elimu Secondary School. Study it and complete the blank spaces
appropriately.
Juma : ……………………………………………………………………………
Teacher : Good morning young man, how are you?
Juma :
Teacher : Welcome to Elimu Secondary School and have a seat.
 Juma : Thank you, Madam.
Teacher :
Juma : I’m Hassan Juma Masumbuko.
Teacher : I have verified your documents and therefore allowed you to join the classroom next
door as our first Form One student this year, congratulations.
Juma :

9. Read the story below and answer the questions that follow:-
THE CRUEL STEP-MOTHER
Once upon a time, there was a man and wife who had a baby girl. Unfortunately, the wife
died and so, the man married again. He got another girl with the second wife. The two girls
became extremely close; so close that whenever the mother sent one on an errand, the other was
sure to accompany her. The mother, however, did not like the child of the deceased. She would
always show her dislike by denying her certain favours. Her feelings became so bad that she
decided to get rid of the girl.
To do this, she dug a hole in her bedroom on a day when the husband was absent and
covered the hole with a cow’s hide. She then called her daughter and sent her to the house of a
friend some kilometers away. As usual, the two girls wanted to go together but the woman
refused, giving the excuse that she wanted to send the other one elsewhere. After the departure of
her daughter, she tailed the other girl and sent her for her snuffbox in the bedroom. Unaware of
what lay ahead, the girl eagerly rushed into the room only to fall into a hole! The mother very
quickly filled the hole with soil, completely disregarding the girl’s screams for help.
When the daughter came back, she merely assumed that the absence of her dear
companion was justified. After hours of waiting, she, however, became impatient and questioned
the mother.
‘Where is my sister?’ she asked
“But she followed you. As soon as she did what I wanted, she ran after you. Now stop
bothering me” the mother retorted.
Time passed and the now anxious girl went round calling out the name of the other one,
but all in vain. Alas …she cried the whole night and the next day and refused to touch any food.
The father helped in the search but to no avail.
After three days, the girl still cried and called the other one. She then heard a very weak voice
responding in song:
Maalya Maalya
Maalya Maalya
Na mwenvu niwe mwai iiee malya
Ekwinza muthiko iiee malya
Wakwisa kunthika iiee malya
Maalya Maalya
(And your mother is the wise one iiee malya
She dug a grave iiee malya
For interring me in iiee malya)
The girl dashed towards the direction of the voice, repeated her cries and again got the
same response. She came to the conclusion that whoever was responding was definitely
underground somewhere in the house. Immediately the father came that day (before the arrival of
the mother), she told him what had happened. After hearing the song, the father dug up the place
and pulled out an extremely weak and disfigured daughter. All the three wailed and eventually,
the father gave her a mixture of blood and milk from a goat to drink after which she vomited all
the soil she had eaten. He gave her some more of the mixture after which he hid her.
When the wife eventually came back, the man did not let her get into the house but sent
her for a cow in a far off place. He explained his action by telling her that he had decided to host a
feast for relatives (including his in-laws). In the meantime, he sent-for all of them. When the
woman came back with the cow, she found everyone waiting for her. Uneasy now, she sat down
in the place she was shown by her husband. He then stood up and after welcoming all, reminded
them of the lost daughter. He then called upon the wife to explain the circumstance leading to the
sad episode. She hauntingly repeated the now commonly know story. When she sat down, the
husband told this woman’s daughter to repeat her earlier wails after which all heard;
 Maalya Maalya
Maalya Maalya
Na mwenvu niwe mwai iiee malya
Ekwinza muthiko iiee malya
Wakwisa kunthika iiee malya
All were surprised to hear the words of the other girl’s song and at that moment; the ‘dead’
girl joined them. The woman was as though paralyzed by shock. The husband then explained the
truth of the matter and told his in-laws to take their daughter with them. They said that if that was
what she had done to the girl, they couldn’t have such a monster in their house. The woman was
disowned by all and chased away.

(a) How would you say the following opening formula “Once upon a time”?
(b) If you were performing this story what oral skills would you use?
(c) As a story teller, how would you deliver the two songs to portray the different contexts?
(d) If you were one of the relatives invited by the girl’s father, how would you portray
your reaction towards the revelation of the step-mother’s behaviour?
(e) What intonation would you use at the end of this statement and why?
“Now stop bothering me”

PART B
(a) Shem showed Sila’s shining shoes shamelessly on Sheba’s shore.
(i) Classify the above genre
(ii) Identify the dominant aspect of style in the above genre and illustrate your answer
with a brief explanation
(iii) State any three functions of the genre identified in (i) above

(b) Mr. Angwech of Shangilia mixed secondary school asked his class to decide on which set of
text books in their syllabus they should perform for the rest of the school. She asked Noreen to
lead the discussion. Read their discussion below and then answer the questions that follow:-
Mr. Angwech : Noreen, would you lead the discussion?
Noreen: Aha, Ok. The question is: What play should we pick for our class play? Does
anyone have suggestions? Kabonyi?
Kabonyi: I suggest we do ‘An Enemy of the People’.
Tom: How about ‘Shreds of Tenderness?’
Noreen: No. I dislike ‘Shreds of Tenderness’
Lilian: I love ‘The River Between’.
Kabonyi: No way! That will make a stupid play! Let’s do ‘An Enemy of The People.’
Noreen: Peter?
Peter: I have never watched ‘Shreds of Tenderness’ but…
Peris: It’s a superb play.
Noreen: Peris, Please let Peter finish then it will be your turn
Peris: Sorry.
Peter: Anyway, I have seen a play on ‘An enemy of the People’ but I have watched the
movie and I love it
Noreen: Peris?
Peris: I just want to say that I think ‘Shreds of Tenderness’ is a really good play.
Noreen: Apepo?
Apepo: I saw the movie ‘An enemy of the people’ too and I really like it. I loved that part
where Aslasken asks Dr. Stockmann to…
Noreen: Excuse me, Apepo, but we should talk about that after the discussion is over. Does
anyone have any other suggestions? No? Ok, Kabonyi proposed ‘ An enemy of the
People’, Tom likes ‘Shreds of Tenderness’ and Lillian wants to the ‘The River
Between’. Has anyone seen or read all three? No. Ok? I suggest that we all go to
the library and read them and then continue the discussion in a couple of days. Is
that ok with everyone? Ok. The discussion is over.

(i) Identify any three wrong things done by the class in terms of effective communication
 (a) Koech was part of the audience listening to a speech delivered by the Director of Youth
Affairs on how to empower the youth. After the speech the Director asked them questions on
the key issues which featured in the speech. Koech could not remember much. What do you
think he failed to do during the speech?
(b) You have been invited to give a talk to the Pamoja Youth Group on etiquette. You decide to
focus on respecting personal space in social interaction in your talk. Describe two examples
that you would use to illustrate the different situations in which it would be important to
respect personal space.
(c) During a presentation, you were interrupted severally by some members of the audience.
Give four reasons why the audience would do so?

10. (a) Identify the silent letter(s) in the following words

(i) Married.................
(ii) Bomb ...................
(iii) Difference ............
(iv) Satchet...................
(v) Buffet .......................

(b) Read the following oral song and answer the questions that follow:-
ORAL SONG
Ndiegu akatsia kusuma
Achima umwana
Numwana akatsia kusuma
Achima ndiegu

Ndiegu vava
Ukalilanga gu?
Zunu, zunu, zunu....

Translation
Ndiegu went to beg for food
She didn’t give it to the child
The child went to beg for food
It didn’t give it to Ndiegu

Ndiegu, please
Why then are you crying?
Pinch, pinch, pinch......

(i) Give the characteristics of this oral performance

(ii) What features of oral performance are lost when this song is written down?
(iii) If you were to perform this song before your fellow students in form II, what
accompaniments would make for this audience to remember your performance
for a long time?
(iv) What aspects of this song would make it easy for the audience to join in the singing of

(c) You are required to give an impromptu speech in a crowded assembly of inattentive students.
State what you would do to ensure that they listen to you
(d) Divide the following words into their constituent syllable units e.g. Operate – op-er-ate
(i) Wonder ................
(ii) Honey ..................
(iii) Drawback...............
(iv) Town ....................
(v) Education...............
(e) (i) Two teachers (Mrs. Stima – D.O.S and Mr. Obwaya – the drama teacher) of Kiti High school
are involved in a discussion in the staffroom. They are assessing the possibility of allowing
students continue with their entertainment on Friday evenings. Complete the conversation:-
Mrs Stima: Mr. Obwaya, do you think entertainment is necessary in this school?
Mr. Obwaya:
Mrs. Stima: More time? This is unacceptable! Let the students do what brought them to school.
This is a school and not a leisure resort.
Mr. Obwaya:
Mrs Stima: In fact we are wasting time discussing this issue. Let’s ban entertainment. We are not
destroying anybody.
Mr. Obwaya:
Mrs. Stima: (calmly) Would you please, explain why you are favouring this issue.
Mr. Obwaya:
Mrs. Stima: But when they go into the dance hall they are never grown ups nor are they
responsible. They should stick to books.
Mr. Obwaya:..
Mrs Stima: I am sorry, Mr. Obwaya, I’ve to cut you short. Are you aware that the majority in
this school are of the opinion that entertainment should be curtailed?
Mr. Obwaya: (shocked)
Mrs. Stima: That is it. Nothing is going to happen and nobody is going to change this.
Mrs. Stima:…………………….
Mr. Obwaya: yes! Why not? They even need to be added more time
Mrs. Stima: ………………………..
Mr. Obwaya: I agree with you but you know, we may think we are assisting the children but find
we are destroying them.
Mrs. Stima: *
Mr. Obwaya: to me entertainment is part and parcel of learning. It is absolutely necessary
Mrs. Stima: ……………………………………
Mr. Obwaya: Students need time away from their books. Let them ventilate their steam.
Furthermore, they are responsible as they are grown-ups
Mrs. Stima: ……………………
Mr. Obwaya: But they need……
They show interruption. if no ellipse or dots, award “0” mark.
Mrs. Stima:
Mr. Obwaya: What! It can’t be! You are invited for trouble√
N/B:- The exclamation mark is necessary to show shock.
Mrs. Stima:

(ii) State two forms of polite address used by Mrs. Stima in the above conversation (1mk)

11. (a) Read the poem below and then answer the questions that follow.
BOY ON A SWING
Slowly he moves His blue shirt
To and fro, to and fro, Billow in the breeze
Then faster up and down. Like a tattered kite

The world whorls by: Mother!

east becomes west, Where did I come from?
north turns south When will I wear long trousers?
The four cardinal points in his head, Why was my father jailed?

i) Identify any two sound patterns used in this poem and illustrate them.
 ii) Why do you thing the poet uses the sound patterns you have identified in (i) above?
iii) How would you say line 2 – 4 of this poem and why?
iv) Give words that sound similar to the following ones in this poem.
Blue –
Wear

b (i) Rearrange the following words in pairs of homophones.

whines, mown, lays, weather, dough, laze , moan, doe, whether, wine
(ii) Provide minimum pairs for the following words.
/t/ /d/
doubt
dt
dor
c) You were the best student in K.C.S.E. last year. The principle of your former school has
requested you to give a speech to the present candidates. What important aspects would
you consider in order to enhance effective speech delivery?

d. Read the following dialogue and answer the questions that follow:
Makokha : Hi old man! I hope you know why I’m here, Your girl Lavender
loves me and I have come to take her away. Where is she?
Murunga : Did I hear you right? Did you say ………………………….
Makokha : Yes, Lavender! Just say how many goats you want!
Murunga : Who are you? Whose son are you?
Makokha : Good heavens! You mean you don’t know f who Iam? You must be
the only one in this village who doesn’t know famous people like
me. I am Makokha or Deno, the guy whose voice you usually hear
on Egesa F.M. radio. You are a very lucky father- in- law!
Murunga : What is the world coming to?
Makokha : I hope you are not going completely blind. The world is going
nowhere! It is Lavender who is coming to my three- stories palace.
Ask her to come. I am running late.
Murunga : Young man …….. get out of my sight before I set dog, Tobby, on you!

d. (i) Identify and illustrate four things that you find wrong with Makokha’s manner
of speech.
(ii) “Your girl, Lavender, loves me and I have come to take her away.” Rewrite this sentence
in the manner in which Makokha should have uttered if he had a sense of courtesy.
(iii) At one point Makokha deliberately misunderstands Murunga. Identify this point and
state what it reveals about Makokha’s attitude.

12. Read the following poem and respond to the questions

I SHALL RETURN
I shall return again. I shall return
To laugh and love and watch with wonder eyes
At golden noon the forest fires burn,
Wafting their blue – black smoke to sapphire skies
I shall return to loiter by the streams
That bathe the brown blades of the bending grasses,
And realize once more my thousand dreams.
Of waters rushing down the mountain passes.
I shall return to hear the fiddle and fife
Of village dances, dear delicious tunes
That stir the hidden depths of native life
 Stray melodies of dim- remembered tunes.
I shall return. I shall return again
To ease my mind of long, long years of pain.

(a) i) What three things does the poet wish to return to?
ii) Name the stylistic device to emphasize the poets longing.
iii) Describe two sound patterns used in the poem
iv) A poem is best read aloud. What do you think is lost if you read this poem silently?

b) Imagine you are part of the audience that is listening to a speech. You look around and notice
that some people are looking at their watches, a few are yawning and one or two are shifting in
their seats.
i) What would be the likely cause of such behaviour? Mention at least four causes
ii) If you were to be the speaker, what would you do to capture and sustain the interest to
the audience? Mention at least four

c) i) For each of the words below give another word with the same pronunciation
Wet –
Soar –
Would –
Tied –
One –
You –

ii) Underline the silent sounds in these words

Gain
Helipad
Resist
Rhy
Tomb
Deliver

d) What will be the meaning of the sentences below if the underlined words are stressed
i) The young tout and the driver, hijacked the car
ii) The young tout and the driver, hijacked the car
e) The phone rings.
Mr. Oundo: (picking the phone) Yes!
Ken : Who is speaking please?
Mr. Oundo : What do you want?
Ken : I would like to speak to …
Mr. Oundo : Speak up I cant hear what you are saying!

From the above telephone conversation identify and explain at least three cases of lack of
telephone etiquette

13. a) Read the poem below and answers questions based on it.
LISTEN TO THE RAIN
Listen to the rain,
The whisper of the rain,
The slow soft sprinkle,
the drip-drop tinkle,
the first wet shisper of the rain.

Listen to the rain,

the singing of the rain,
 the tiptoe pitter patter,
the splish and splash and splatter,
the steady sound,
the singing of the rain.

Listen to the rain,

the roaring pouring rain,
the hurly-burly
topsy- turvey
Lashing gnashing teeth of the rain,
The lightning-flashing
Thunder crashing
Sounding pounding roaring rain,
leaving all outdoors a muddle,
A mishy mushy muddy puddle.

Listen to the quietude,

The silence and the solitude
Of after rain,
The dripping, dripping, dropping,
The slowly, slowly stopping
The fresh wet silent
after time
of rain.

i) Identify any two sound patterns employed in the poem

ii) Describe the rhyme scheme of the poem
iii) How would you say the first line of the poem?

b) A bear will bear a bear

i) Classify the above genre
ii) State two functions of the genre above
iii) Give another example of the genre

. c) Underline the odd one out

i) Picked wicked packed sacked
ii) World worker wolf worship
iii) Think this thing thistle
iv) Tube tutor turn tumour

. d) i) non-verbal skills in communication are very important in the delivery of any oral item.
State any four forms of non-verbal cues
ii) Give three reasons why listening is an essential aspect of communication
iii) How would you say the following statements ;
i) Why do you always come to church late?
ii) Are you the boy who was found bullying the form ones?
iii) I don’t believe your story.

e) Imagine you are faced with the following situations and give at least two appropriate
responses to each situation
i) You accidentally knock down another student on the pavement
ii) You are in a hurry to get to school and three people are busy conversing right in
the middle of the path
iii) Your friend has lost a close relative and you decide to console her
14. Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow:-

The sun rises in the east

Sending forth its morning Heat
The lily in the valley below
Reflects its wondrous glow

Red yellow pink and white

The roses send out their bright light
It is such a wondrous sight
Beauty shining through the night

(i) Explain one way through which rhythm has been achieved
(ii) Write down the rhyme scheme of the poem.
(iii) Explain any two ways you would ensure your audience enjoys your performance of
this poem
(iv) Which three words would you emphasize in line three of stanza one?
(v) Underline the silent letter in the following words:.
Rendezvous
Condemn
Eulogy .
Phlegm .
(vi) Using each of the following words. Construct two sentences with each to show the two
meanings implied in the word . .
(vii) Your school principal has invited a prominent professor to offer a talk on a topic of students’
interest. Briefly explain any four features that would prove one is not listening
(viii) Give a word that sounds similar to the one given below (3mks) ½ a mark each
Analyst -
Surge -
Session-
Through -
Sterling-
Symbol-
(f) The following is part of a conversation between a student and a principal of some school in
Kakamega District. The student is the chairperson of the school’s writers’ club and is
requesting for permission for the club members to attend a writers symposium at a neighbouring
school. Complete the conversation.

Student: ………………………………….. . . …………………………………………

Principal: Good morning, your club patron Mrs. Wasike had mentioned that you would see me about
a symposium but she did not elaborate what is the symposium about and Show will you
benefit from it.
Student: ………………………………………………………………………………
Principal: That sounds like a very useful symposium How many club members will attend and how
do you intend to finance the trip? .
Student: ………………………………………………………………………………
Principal: That is a good number, and I hope you will raise enough money from the projects. If some
remains after the trip you could support the school bursary fund. You have my permission.
Student : …………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Fill in the blank spaces with the most appropriate word (10mks)
Although (1) _____President and prime minister effectively (2) _____ a ceasefire
(3) ______they (4)______on the telephone (5) _________ Wednesday night and asked
their lieutenants to cease hostility 6relationship may not b e out of the woods (7) _________.
The President (8) ______Prime Minister differed when Raila (9)_______ the suspension
of (10)___William Ruto of Agriculture and Sam Ongeri of Education a week ago.
(Adapted from The Standard Newspaper)

. (a) The following is a telephone conversation between Jane and her mother. Jane is a student at
Mwalimu High School, while her mother, who has been unwell for some time, is a business
lady. Complete the dialogue by filling in the blanks with appropriate responses.

MOTHER : Hello Jane! How are you?

JANE : ……………………………………………………...(2mks)
Mother : Oh! Little girl. Don’t worry about that, I am still on drugs and I believe all will
be well very soon. I am concerned about your school work. Have you improved?
JANE : …………………………………………………………………………….………
Mother : This is great. I have always prayed for you. Don’t relax after mid-term results.
Now make sure that you are working hard to be the best in the district.
JANE : …………………………………………………………………………….………
MOTHER : You are right Jane. Caro is joining University of Nairobi and all of us in the
village are proud of her. Where are you going on the tour?
JANE : …………………………………………………………………………….………
MOTHER : I will send somebody to clear the remaining amount. Next month is only ten
days away.
JANE :…………………………………………………………………………….………
MOTHER : Daddy is doing well but he has gone on transfer to Kianyaga.

(b) Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow

She dwelt among untrodden ways

Besides the springs of dove;
A maid whom there was none to praise
And very few to love

A violet by mossy stone

Half-hidden from the eye!
Fair as a star, when only one
Is shining in the sky
She lived unknown, and few could know
When Lucy ceased to be:
But she in her grave, and oh,
The difference to me!
Questions
(i) Describe the rhyme scheme of the above poem (2mks)
(ii) Which word would you stress in stanza 1 line 4, and why? (2mks)
(iii) If you were to recite the poem in a drama festival, what two performance features would you
employ in the last stanza? Give reasons (2mks)
(c) From the following list, write down five pairs of words whose pronunciations are similar
Abattoir well coup
Rattle kettle hail
Nose zoo cape
Hale tour whale
Gape meteor noise (5mks)
Cattle knows cups
 (d) Rewrite the following words in two columns of the hissing sounds /s/ and /3/
depending on their pronunciations (5mks)
Conscious
Special
Ocean
Measure
Cushion
Explosion
Motion
Seizure
Brush
Fushion

(e) Imagine you have been invited to speak about the role of NACADA in fighting drug abuse
among the Kenyan youth. What would you need to ensure that your speech is successful?
(f) Mention five non-verbal cues you would use to make your speech effective (5mks)

16. a) Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow;
THE EAGLE
He clasps the Crag with crooked hands:
Close to the sun in lonely hands,
Rung with the azure world, he stands,

The wrinkled sea beneath crawls:

He watches from his mountain walls,
And like a thunder belt he falls.

Questions
Identify two sound patterns employed in the poem. (2 mks)
What has the poet achieved by use of the above? (2 mks)
Which word would you stress in the last line and why? (2 mks)
a) What gestures would you use while reciting line one of the poem? (2 mks)
b) A small woman who cooks better than your mother, Answer. Bee
i) Identify the above genre. (1 mk)
ii) Give any three functions of the genre above. (3 mks)
c) Write another word with similar pronunciation as these. (5 mks)
Come
aren’t
need
way
oral
d) i) Explain three reasons why listening is an important aspect of communication.
ii) State any three forms of non verbal cues and briefly explain what each of them
entails.
e) Mention the words or expressions you would use in each of the following situation. (3
i) You are revising for your end term exams at home. Your neighbours are playing very loud
music. You decide to go over to their house to request them to reduce the volume of their
radio.(1 mk)
ii) A friend of yours comes to your house to invite you to accompany him or her to watch
a movie.
You are unable to accompany him/.her because you have not finished your chores in the house.
You decide to turn down the invitation. (1 mk)
iii) Your friend has sent you message that she or he has lost his or her mother. You decide
to console him or her. (1 mk)
17. (a) Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow:
My old man’s white old man
And my old mother’s black
If ever I cursed my old white old man
I take my curses back

If ever I cursed my black old mother

And wished she were in hell
I am sorry for that evil wish
And now I wish her well

My old man died in a fine big house

My ma died in a shack
I wonder where I’m gonna die
Being neither white nor black (By Langstone Hughes)

a) (i) Describe the rhyme scheme of the poem (2mks)

(ii) Apart from rhyme, identify another sound pattern used in the poem and state its effect
(iii) State the words you would stress in the third last line and explain why (2mks)
(iv) How would you say the last line? (1mk)
b) In which word is the vowel sound different in the following set of words? (5mks)
(i) son, sun, can, hut
(ii) came, come, late, name
(iii) so, sew, sow, sod
(iv) hot, robe, cock, cost
(v) hurt, herd, hard, firm
c) Indicate the intonation pattern in the following sentences (5mks)
(i) Are you serious?
(ii) You must behave yourself
(iii) I am going shopping
(iv) He can’t do that, really!
d) In a conversation, how does one know it is his/her turn to speak? (5mks)
(e) You are attending a seminar with your friend. Halfway through the presentation by
one of the speakers, she (your friend) tells you that she can hardly concentrate.
Explain any seven strategies you would advice her to employ so as to listen effectively
and benefit from the talk. (7mks)
.
18. (i) Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow:
I sit outside my house and listen
From the construction site comes
Pound, push, pull and plunk.

I get back into the house and listen

Form her kitchen comes
Wash, swirl and gush

To bed I go at last for peace

But
Mutter, wheeze and slurp

He snores in peace
While I awake I remain
The noise too intense to ignore

Oh! The noise they make

In the house, out the house
Out the bed, in the bed
Why can’t they keep silence?
(a) What is the poem talking about? (1mk)
(b) Identify any two sound patterns used in the poem (4mks)
(c) Which words would you stress in the last line of stanza three? Why ? (2mks)
(d) (i) How would you say the line of the poem? (1mk)
(ii) Identify four pairs of words with the same pronunciation from the list below (4mks)
Hale Pose missed draught mist
Way bawl air ball tile
Why tall pause draft hit
Drought ore wail till heat
(iii) You are a radio presenter and you are scheduled to interview a prominent politician abut
the current proposed constitution.
(a) What preparations would you carry out before the interview? (6mks)
(b) What strategies would you employ during the interview session? (6mks)
(iv) Explain any six important details you will use when giving direction to make it accurate.
 ANSWERS

B- CLOZE TEST

1. facing 1- similar
2. direction 2- oneself 1. forward
3. these 3- Equally 2. rush
4. important/ 4- functions 3. However
vital/ crucial 5- helps 4. its
5. department 6- Therefore 5. begin/start
6. of 7- Although 6. overboard
7. provide 8- Also 7. visit
8. although 9- Its 8. hitches
9. the 10- Manner 9. celebrate
10. under 10. January

1) And 1. As 6. Mandated
2) Victims 2. Bad 7. Serve
3) By 3. Leaders 8. Discussing
4) Clearly 4. Before 9 . Who
5) Situation 5. Constitution 10. Ambition
6) Foetus
7) But
8) Decisions 1. Dispose
9) A 2. smell/stench
i) since
10) Declares 3. more/much/a lot
ii) register
iii) electronically 4. from
iv) Although/However 5. grade/ class/
v) step/move quality
vi) the 6. themselves
vii) cases 7. enriched
viii) in 8. and / or
ix) verify/confirm 9. greatly/
x) eliminate immensely
10. by

1. by 1. But i. Many
2. To 2. Released ii. Routine
3. For 3. …………. iii. That
4 Its 4. Whose iv. Difference
5. During 5. Admission v. Far
6. What 6. Contend vi. Out
7. Is 7. Disadvantaged vii. Harmful
8. Protection 8. At viii. Against
9. From 9. Forces ix. If (capital I )
10. More 10. Remedial x. Suffer
 3- Unique
1- When 4- to 1) is
2- Thorough 5- being 2) putting
3- The 6- about 3) correct
4- Lays 7- a 4) guarantee/give/grant
5- Essential 8- if ‘. 5) active
6- Guard 9- avoid 6) this .
7- Habit 10- who 7) To
8- These 11- younger 8) comparison
9- Such 12- chore 9) situation . . ..
10- To 10)decision . .

1- the 1. eat
2- declared i) most 2. times
3-when ii) through 3. their
4- spoke iii) But 4. park
5- on iv) in 5. sometimes
6- their v)Sick 6. the
7- yet vi) Animals 7. is
8- and vii) Fence/wall 8. bare
9- announced viii) Out 9. away
10- ministers ix) latrines/toilets 10. erosion
x) Germs
1- the 1. Biden
2- declared 2. Hasn’t
3-when 3. Wonder
4- spoke 4. On
5- on 5. Cost
6- their 6. When
7- yet 7. But
8- and 8. Email
9- announced 9. Sends
10- ministers 10. a
 C
1. 3. Magnificent bull
a) i) The singer achieves rhythm in the song above through repetition of words i.e. “white
like”
like e.t.c.
Identification 1 mk
Illustration 1 mk

ii) To enliven the performance of the song one would do the following
a) Employ gestures
b) Body movement
c) Mimicry
d) Dramatization
e) Use of appropriate tone variation
f) Accept any two well explained aspects of performance

iii) The last line would be said with falling information

b) Underline silent letters
i. Rendezvous
ii. Eulogy
iii. Tourism
iv. Phlegm
v. Condemn

c) i) Tongue twister
Sound patterns
- Alliteration – repetition of consonant words
- Assonance – welcomed wendy
- Identification ½ mk illustration ½ mk
ii) Function of genre
To practice pronunciation
For entertainment
To practice fluency in language

d) – Conduct background research on the topic

- Be confident and convincing
- Accept any other speaking skill

e) This is an open question, teachers should accept responses that are courteous and correct

2. (a) (i)– clearing thraat

- clapping the hand
- sing a short song as a prelude (2x1=2mks)
(ii) Performance – use tone variation from the pure narration style to sued of dialogue i.e rising
intonation (1mk) accompanied by appropriate facial expression(1mk) /gestures in the
questions asked by the mother-in-law
OR – Arising – falling intonation appropriate facial expression in the old man’s answer/speech
(1x2=2mks)
(iii) Active listening – nodding head
- Laughter
- thumping of feet
- clapping
- use of voice e.g. (mhh?) (3x1=3mks)
(iv) End story – using falling intonation (1mk)

(b) (i) Gestures – ‘where is the birds’

facial expression – where is she ee
voice variation – where is she ee (any three =3mks)
body movement – They would move and dance as they look for the bride
Dramatic pauses – pause from 1st to 2nd stanza
(ii) Authenticity – Original meaning
- Local flavour (any 2)
- - Aesthetic beauty (2mk)

(c) (i) Respect

(ii) review
(iii) investigate
(iv) consolidate
(v) calculate
(vi) divide (each ½ x 6= 3mks)

(c)(ii) fear (ii) altar (iii) All (iv) serial (v) nun (vi) eight (6 x ½mk)

(d) (i) Fight off nervous by taking a deep breadth and thinking that, that was a chance to practice public
speaking.
- Try to look calm and confident
- Be careful to organize your thoughts logically
- Say things that are appropriate to the audience
- Jot a few points before speech for reference
- Be brief
- Try to remember points said by others to avoid repletion (any 3 = 3x1=3mks)

(ii) -Project your voice

-be audible
-more closer to the audience
-pronounce words properly (any 3x1=3mks)

(e) (i) Short –comings include:-

- Lack of eye contact – avoids eye contact
- Not alert – misses questions asked
-confusion evident =- answers wrongly
-doesn’t concentrate – mind wanders (any 2= 2mks)

(ii) Listening skills to adopt include:

- Maintain eye contact
- concentration – avoid distracters (physical or emotional distracters)
- Correct sitting posture
- follow any use of non-verbal questions by the speaker to grasp message better
- Be an active listener i.e. nod head in agreement, laugh at jokes etc
- Be alert at all times (any 3 =3mks)

3. 3. ORAL SKILLS (30MARKS)

i. a) The eavesdropper’s part can be acted out like he is hiding somewhere and then shoots up and
speaks in
a loud angry or sarcastic tone.
-dramatise and mimic the various persons who are giving the varied opinions about the man
-talk in a low tone when he is telling the wife hat they would leave the next day.
-act the eavesdropper’s part as he sits in a clearing by the huts with an intention of eavesdropping
b) (i) He would speak in an angry/sarcastic tone

ii) a) Ship
b) Pool
c) Buck
d) Height
e) Barn

iii)a) Re.bel
b) Re.spect
c) Ma.nage
d) Con.tact
e) Ac.cess
iv)
 Begin from the starting point of the person begin directed
 Make the directions simple and clear
 Make the directions precise and concise
 Present the directions step by step in the correct sequence
 Use sketches and maps
 Refer to land marks and printers such as left, right, behind etc
 Suggest the approximate distance from one print to another
v)
 Before going for an interview consider:
 the nature of work/job you are attending the interview for
 appropriate skills/competence expected
 qualifications and relevant documents/testimonials etc
 location of the interview
 time for the interview
 dress to the occasion
 get relevant information about the company

4. 3. a) i) rhyme Life Ablaze

Strife Amaze

Repetition- I seek
½ mark for identification
½ mark for illustration

ii) Diphthongs
Life
Strife
Ablaze
Amaze
Sight (any four, ½ a mark each)

iii) I would say it with a falling intonation to indicate my final decision to go for
a peaceful country life. It is a declarative statement 2 marks

b)
i. Fury
ii. These
iii. Have
 iv. Harbour
v. Committee

c)
i. This is a tongue twister
1 mark
ii. The use of alliteration e.g. freaky Fred
iii.
- Entertainment
- Improves pronunciation and enunciation
- Creates humor
- Informative
- Enhances fluency in language use

d)
i) They were taught verbally, orally (without reading)
ii) The guest of honour asked us to listen to him attentively/ symphanthetically
iii) Politicians must now do what they say
iv) Daisy has the ability to speak easily and persuasively ( 1 mk each= 4 marks)

e) I would book an appointment with Ngugi Wa Thiongo on phone, through e-mail or ordinary
mail
I would conduct a thorough research about him to acquire a detailed background of the writer
I would conduct leading questions about himself and his works
I would stick to major issues according to our editorial policy
I would give room to callers to ask him emerging/ supplementary questions during the
programme
I would take notes during the interview to keep alert and be relevant during the entire session.
I would prepare in advance all the necessary recording apparatus and support personnel to
make recording of the programme possible
I must be punctual (at the time) and venue of the interview to receive my guest
Any 6 one mark each
5. (a) (i) low,blow/rest,breast/nest, west/west, breast/blow,go/sea,me/moon,soon A mark
For each pair max. 2mks

(ii) Mark for any of the following styles if identified with a relevant illustration.
- Repetition
- Alliteration
- Assonance
- Consonance
- Use of regular syllabic patterns
(iii) – Lullaby1 mk Any feature of a lullaby evident
6. 3a) i) -It is a tongue-twister√1
ii)-Development of oral skills√1
-Used by children during play√1
-For entertainment√1 (Any 1pt =1mk)
iii) Allitaration√1 i.e. How high up has he heaved (id-1mk
iii-1mk (1x2=2mks)
iv) -Usually short i.e. One sentence√1
-Repetition of a particular sound i.e. ‘h’ sound√1
(Any 2pts 1mk each) 1x2 =2mks

b) i) Prophet
 ii) Meat/Meet
iii) Pool
iv) Doe
v) Quay (1mk each 1x5=5mks)

c) -Settle down early enough before the talk begins

-Prepare and make ready writing materials
-Take down notes that are relevant
-Ask questions to clarify points not well understood
-Maintain eye contact
-Maintain good sitting posture/sit upright
-Avoid fidgeting on your chair
-Be alert/avoid detractions (1mkeach-1x5=5mks)

d) (i) -The poet creates rhythms by: using rhyme in the poem i.e. lit/it ,will/hill/still√1
-Use of alliteration i.e. without a wish, without a will√1
-Repetition i.e. I, sky√1 (any 2pts =1mk each ; Total=2mks)
ii) Silent√1
To emphasize the magnitude of the silence in the night√ (Id-1mk ; Exp-1mk)
iii) a) a short pause in line 1 where the comma is used
b) a long pause in line 3 where the full stop is used(2mks)

e i) -What is your name?

-What do you want?
-What did you want to tell him?
-He is never in school. (½ mk each ½ x4=2mks)

ii) Peter: Hello, I am peter, who are you?

Peter: How may I help you?
Peter: Sorry, he is not in school. May you please leave information?
Peter: Sorry, he is out to attend a family function.

iii)a) Eulogy-E√
b) Phlegm-g√

7. 3. (a) ORAL SKILLS

(i) sight / cite
(ii) o,oh!
(iii) right, write
(iv) Rode/ rowed
(v) Blue

(b) (i) Maintain eye contact

(ii) Ask question at the end of the speech for clarification
(iii) Appropriate sitting posture
(iv) Avoid audio/visual distractions
(v) Read for familiarity
(vi) Taking notes

(c) (i) Noun – our annual import dropped by 20% due to drought (1mk)
(ii) Verb- He will import a new car next week (1mk)
(iii) Noun – The Maragua milk produce has gone down owing to low rainfall (1mk)
(iv) Verb – Brazil normally produce quality footballers (1mk)
(d) (i) a child/ a son / a daughter (1mk identification)
(ii) ‘broken’ and ‘gourd’ – they are content/information word (1mk)
(iii) Use of alliteration as in /b/ in ‘blind’ and ‘bat’ /l/ like a little (identification (1mk) illustration
(1mk)
use of repetition in ‘I’ ‘your

(e) (i) - enter a stage with a song

- Pose a question
- Use a riddle/proverb
- Cough, clear voice any correct three award 1mk each
- Use a tongue twister
- Sit upright/stand confidently before the audience

(ii) Say ‘No’ with a rising intonation and the rest of the sentence with a falling intonation (1mk)

(iii) - use tonal variation e.g. rise at No Identification 1mk/ illustration 1mk
- Use varying facial expressions e.g.
- Dramatize e.g.

(f) - Good morning, Madam (must be ‘Madam’ (if ‘Sir’ award 00)
- Fine, thank you, Madam (if without ‘thank you’ deduct ½mk)
- What is your name; please (1mk)
- Thank you (very much), Madam (1mk)
N/B: If more four grammatical errors –IAD – 1AD4GE

8. QUESTION 3: PART ‘A’ ORAL NARRATIVE

(a) pause and rising intonation (1mk)
b) Oral skills:
i) Tonal variation to distinguish the difference, character i.e. the narrator, the girl and the mother
ii) Singing the song
iii) Use of gestures e.g. digging, covering hole with a cow’s hide etc
iv) Use of facial expression e.g. surprise after the girl is discovered; portray weak and
distinguish girl, etc. (4mks)
v) dramatization-mother quickly filling the hole with soil
(any 2-1mk for identification, 1mk for illustration
(No mark for illustration without identification).
c) 1st song-low intonation (weak/pleading tone to show despondency/helplessness/despair/stress) (1mk)
2nd song-higher intonation (confident tone/force/tone of malice/condemnation) (1mk)
d) Gesture of surprise
-shaking of head in disbelief
-clicking in disgust
-a sigh of relief(any 1=mk)
e) falling of intonation to show finality (1mk)
PART B
a) (i)tongue-twister(1mk)
ii)alliteration-/sh/widely used at the beginning of words(2mks)
iii)it is used for entertainment
-enhance once fluency in the use of a language
-help one learn to promote words properly(3mks)
b) (i)-poor turn taking by the members; they don’t go though the person chairing the discussion,
e.g. Tom, Noreen and Lilian after Kabonyi is invited to make a suggestion
-improper interruption by Peris when she failed to allow to complete his statement
-poor or lack of negotiation skills .the spirit of give and take is not shown by any of the
members as all think their suggestions are the best
 -rudeness by Kabonyi - He trashes Lilian’s suggestions as ‘stupid’.
-impolite disagreement by Noreen when she says she dislikes ‘Shreds of Tenderness’
(any 3 well explained) (3mks)
(ii)-Noreen says ” excuse me Apepo”
-Peris apologises for interruption peter and says “sorry”
-Noreen says “please Peris…”(2mks)
PART C
a) -didn’t pay attention to non verbal cues e.g. gestures, facial expression and body movement
that enhance understanding
-didn’t set a listening objective e.g. questions he would need to answer during the speech
-didn’t take notes during the listening therefore he had nothing to refresh his memory
-He may have allowed other things to distract his attention
(Accept any 4 reasonable responses) ( 4mks)
b) The examples offering by the candidates must show their understanding of the concept of personal
space e.g.
-not going through another persons drawers, desk or box without permission
-not listening in on private conversation or phone calls
-not going through someone’s letters or writing without their consent
- getting into a persons room without permission
-moving too close (physically) to persons one I not intimate withA1
(accept any two well explained examples) (2mks)
c) Circumstances that may cause interruption
-If you didn’t hear what the speaker said
-When you strongly disagree with the speaker
-When you strongly support the speaker
- When you wish the speaker to clarify unclear issues
-When you want to make an additional to the speaker’s point
-When the speaker has misinterpreted certain known facts
(Accept any 4 reasonable responses) (4mks)
9. b) (i)
 Repetition e.g. pinch, pinch ,pinch.
 Rhythm-enhanced through repetition.
ii)
 Voice
 Tempo
 Gestures
 Costumes
 Painting and décor
 Movement and patterns (Any two, 1mk each (2 marks)

iii)
 Wear relevant costumes e.g. jungles.
 Hit the drum where necessary.
 Have an attractive and relevant décor.
 Apply a relevant make-up e.g. facial point to capture the theme of your poem.
(1mk each, total (4 marks
iv)
 Repetition pinch ,pinch, pinch
 Rhythm (Any two,1 mark each total. (2 marks)

c)
 Be audible.
 Make use of gestures.
  Vary my tone to sustain their attention.
 Use facial expressions.
 Involve the audience. (1 Mark each. Total 5 mks)

d)
i) won-der
ii) ho-ney
iii) draw-back
iv) town
v) e-du-ca-tion (For any correct 1 mark each. Total 5 mks)

e) i)
Mrs. Stima:…………………….
Mr. Obwaya: yes! Why not? They even need to be added more time(√ ½mk )
Mrs. Stima: ………………………..
Mr. Obwaya: I agree with you but you know, we may think we are assisting the children but find
we are destroying them.√ ½
Mrs. Stima: ……………………
Mr. Obwaya: to me entertainment is part and parcel of learning. it is absolutely necessary√ ( ½
mk)
Mrs. Stima: ……………………………………
Mr. Obwaya: students need time away from their books. Let them ventilate their steam.
Furthermore, they are responsible as they are grown-ups.√ (1mark)
Mrs. Stima: ……………………
Mr. Obwaya: but they need……√ (1mark) [the ellipses are important for this point to score. they
show interruption. if no ellipse or dots, award “0” mark.
Mrs. Stima: ………………………….
Mr. Obwaya: What! It can’t be! You are invited for trouble√ ( ½ mk)
NB the exclamation mark is necessary to show shock.
Mrs. Stima: ………………………………………….

ii)
 Would you please√ ½
 I am sorry√ ½ (total=1mark)
10. 3. a) i) Repetition – to and fro (2 marks)
Faster
Alliteration – billows breeze (2 marks)
World whorls

ii) To enhance the rhythm

To make the poem more interesting
To make the poem memorable (Any 2 = 2 marks)

iii) With a falling intonation

They are all wh- questions (2 marks)
iv) Blue – blew
Wear – where (2 marks)

b) i) Whine - wine
Mown – moan
Lays – laze
Weather – whether
 Dough – doe (5 marks)

ii) Tout
Tot
Tore

c)
- Good grooming
- Maintaining eye contact
- Use of appropriate pasture/ to show confidence
- Use of relevant gestures/ facial expressions
- Good command of language
- Mastery of content
- Talking to audience instead of reading (Any 4 = 4 marks)

d) i) – Makokha is rude- he does not show courtesy to Munonga – his prospective father-
in- law. He says “I hope you are not going completely blind”
- Makokha is a poor negotiator- he demands for Lavender instead of requesting e.g. I
have come to take her away
- Makokha lacks in good turn- taking skills. When Murunga says “Did you say my
……….. . Makokha doesent allow him to finish/ wait for his turn to speak
- Makokha has poor listening skills. He misunderstands Murunga when he says “What is
the world coming to?” (4 marks)

ii) Your daughter Lavender and I are in a relationship and I have come to humbly request
your permission for us to get married (Accept any other polite form) (2 marks)

iii) When Murunga says “What is the world coming to?” Makokha deliberately
misunderstands and says “I hope you are not going completely blind. The world is going
nowhere. This reveals makokha’s contemptuous/ arrogant/ disrespectful attitude towards
Murunga (2 marks)

11. Oral skills

a) i) - The forest fires
- The streams
- The fiddle and fife
ii) Repetition
iii) Alliteration:… watch with wonder…bathe…brown blades…bending…e.t.c.
Rhyme: return/ burn
Eyes/ skies
Streams/ dreams e.t.c.
iv) – allitering sounds
- rhyme
- Rhythm

b) i)- Subject is boring

- Presenter is boring
- Topic may be irrelevant
- Audience may be feeling hungry
- Presentation may be too long
- Speaker may not be audible
Any 4x1=4
ii) – ensure topic is relevant to the audience
- Research on the topic
- time speech so that it isn’t too long
 Maintain eye contact with audience
Make sure I am audible
Make use of gestures and facial expressions ( 1ny 4x1=4mks)

c) i) - Wet – whet
- Soar- sore
- Would- wood
- Tied- tide
- One-won
- You-ewe

ii)- Gain – a
- Helipad- h
- Resist- s(1st one)
- Rhy- hy
- Tomb- b
- Deliver- e (1st one)

d) i) Only the tout was young

ii) both the tout and the driver were young

e) - Lack of identification
- Lack of courtesy – doesn’t greet
- Rudeness – “What do you want?”
- Interruption Any 3x1=3

12. ORAL SKILLS

a) i) repetition – rain, rain
ii) rhyme – sprinkle, tinkle
iii) alliteration – splish, splash, splatter
iv) onomatopoieia – lighting – flushing, thunder crashing
v) assonance – mushy, muddy, hurly, burly
Any two = 2 marks

ii) aabba aaccda aaeeaff agg

hhaffija (2 marks)
It is an irregular rhyme scheme (1 mark)
iii) With a falling intonation (1 mark)

b) i) A spun (1 mark)
ii) - To entertain
- To sharpen wit
- To teach pronunciation Any two 2 marks
iii) - Your bob took our Bob’s bob, if your Bob does not return our Bob’s bob, we
shall bob him on the eye
- I will book your book to read
- Lie here and lie
c) i) wicked
ii) world
iii) this
iv) turn

d) i) Gestures
ii) Facial expressions
 iii) eye contact
iv) dramatization
v) body movement
vi) posture Any four 4 marks

d) ii)- i) In order to understand the information being given

ii) So that one can avoid making mistakes
iii)To help one get correct instructions

iii) - i) With a falling intonation

ii) With a rising intonation
iii) With a rise – fall intonation

e) i) I am sorry
ii) Excuse me
iii) I do apologize

ii)- i) May I pass please

ii) Allow me to pass
iii) Please give way
iv) Excuse me please

iii) - Sorry for losing your relative

- Please accept my sincere condolence

13. (i) Writing the material down as it comes from the performers and the
(ii) Use audio-tape to record the voices e.g. for songs, proverbs riddles tongue twisters and narratives.
(iii) Filming / video recording the performance and interviews
iv) Memorizing the material Any 2 xl mark each for an explained *KKN*
(i) When two strong camps/ parties /people are at war the innocent / weak subjects suffer. *KKN*
Shows communities practise livestock keeping ( ½ mk) The mention of bulls *KKN*
 Family (paper fight/ dispute the children suffer.
Politics government and opposition when they fight or arc antagonistic. citizens suffer)
½ a mark for identification
½ a mark for explanation.
(i)The lily in the valley below
Any 1 tick after illustration
 Rhyme scheme - aa bb cccc
Dramatize e.g. use compass points to show cast a torch to show the heat and the wondrous glow
- Dress in the colour white red, yellow, pink
- Gestures and mimicry— express bright light beauty shining through higher
Lily, valley, below V

(i)z (ii)n (iii)e (iv)g ½ a mark each total

seat — Bumb / buttocks
- chair
Feat — measurement unit of length
- plural of foot
N/B:- If both sentences are correct a candidate scores 2 marks if only one is correct give a zero.

Any four of the following well explained

Rocking in the chair
Conversing with neighbours
Frequent walking in and out of the place of address
Dosing off
 Continuous/ frequent yawning
Chewing ones’ nails
Drumming the chair or desk
Looking at the watch frequently
Looking outside
Looking at passers - by Any 4 marks each

Annalist
Serge
Cession
Threw.
Stirling .
Cymbol . ½ a mark total

Language must be courteous if not penalize 4 a mark each .

Students’ responses must flow I not penalize a mark each.
Penalize grammatical errors i,e spellings
- capitalization
- punctuation ½ mark each,

14. (a) JANE: Hello mum/mother I am fine

Have you recovered?
JANE: Yes mother/very much so mother.
I was on top of my class when the mid-term exam results were announced. (2mks)
JANE: I am told Carol is joining the university of Nairobi. Is it true? (2mks)
JANE: Next month mum/mother please clear arrears for me
JANE: Thanks/ I will be grateful
How is Daddy? (2mks) (2x5=10mks)

(b) (i) Stanza 1 – ways a

dove b
praise a
love b
Stanza 2 – Stone c
Eye d
One e
Sky d
Stanza 3 - know f
Be g
Oh f
Me g
Rhyme scheme is ababcdedfgfg
N/B Accept abab scheme a regular rhyme scheme
(ii) ‘very’ to emphasize the fact that nobody but himself noticed her beauty and loved her.
N/B- Accept ‘few’ for a similar reason.

(iii) - Facial expression – to express the sense of loss

- Gestures to emphasize loss
- Tone variation – stress the feeling of loss
-pace- slow pace for effect
(accept any other performance feature which must be tied to the stanza) (2mks
C. (i) Kettle
Cattle
(iii) Nose
 Knows
(iv) Gape
Cape
(v) Abottoir
Tour
(vi) Zoo
Coup
(v) Whale
Hail (Accept any 5 pairs = 5mks)
(d) /s/ /z/
Conscious measure
Motion seizure
Brush explosion
Special fusion
Ocean cushion
(mark ½mk each correct – ½ x 10=5mks)
(e) - Gather information about the topic e.g. though library research, questionnaires, interviews of
observations
- Focus on the topic, purpose of the speech and audience (why are you writing it and what do you
intend your audience to learn/gain /do?) Appropriate to a particular audience
- Choose a pattern of organization that is likely to captivate the audience. Put emphasis on the
introduction and conclusion
- Select words and expressions that communicate clearly and precisely the message you want to
convey (4mks)
(f) – Gesture
- facial expressions
- Dramatization
- Body movement
- Eye contact with audience (5mks)

15. ORAL SKILLS

1. i) Alliterations – Clasps crag, crooked
ii) Onamatopoera – thunderbolt
iii) Rhyme e.g. hands crawls
lands walls (Any two 2mks)
2. Gives musicality to the poem making it memorable and enjoyable. (2 mks)
3. Thunderbelt this is because it captures the meaning of the line and vividly captures the
strength of the eagle. (2mks)
4. I would fold my hands into a fist to vividly show how the eagle flys. (2 mks) or dramatize
flapping of the eagle’s wings.
a) Riddle
Entertain
Educate
Sharpen wits
5. Come - Calm
Aren’t - Aunt
Need – Knead
Way – weigh
Oral – Aural
6. i) – Understand the message.
- One can synthesize the message and know how to respond.
- It enhances the relationship between the speaker and the listener.
- You learn more about what is being said.
ii) Facial expression.
- Used to enhance meaning. An example of facial expression – eye contact/frown.
 iii) Gestures; the use of hands e.g pointing a finger at somebody.
iv) Body posture – standing position. – Sitting position.

7. i) Excuse me please – ‘could you lower the volume of your radio.’ Or

Excuse me please ‘lower the volume of your radio’.
ii) I am sorry, ‘I cannot accompany you’ Or I am afraid ‘I cannot accompany you.
iii) I am saddened / shocked to learn of the death of your beloved mother. Please
accept my
sincere condolences, I am sorry.

16. a) (i) abab cded fbgb

The rhyme scheme is irregular though the second and the forth lines in all the stanzas rhyme
(ii) Another sound pattern used is repetition. The repeated words and phrases;
– ‘my old man’
-‘old man’
-‘old’
This is meant for emphasis
(iii) Third last line: My ma died in a shack”
I will stress ma died and shack
This is because they are content words
(iv) I would say the last line in a low falling tone to indicate the sad tone of the poem
b) (i) can
(ii) come
(iii) sod
(iv) robe
(v) hard
c) a) Are you serious?
b) You must behave yourself
c) I am going shopping
d) He can’t do that, really!

d) - One must wait for pauses, it is the most appropriate time to speak
- Note when the speaker may use either falling or raising intonation to indicate they have
finished Talking
- When the speaker asks a question
- One must observe the speaker to see if the body language indicates they want to change roles
- When the speaker uses fillers/hesitations such as: you see-----, you know---, I mean--- etc

e) - Strategies to adopt include:

- Correct sitting posture e.g. leaning forward
- I would tell him to maintain eye contact with the speaker
- Ask her to follow any use of non-verbal cues by the speaker
- I would ask her to make brief notes of the presentation
- Ask her to respond to the speaker’s rhetorical questions, jokes etc through
nodding, laughing etc
- Identifying with the topic being discussed
- Advice her to try as much as possible to concentrate by being keen and avoiding
any destructors.

17. a) It is about a person complaining about the disturbances caused by the noise which making
the surrounding environment uncomfortable to stay in

b) i) Alliteration: pound, push, pull and plunk

ii) Repetition:
 Listen a
Comes a
Plunk b
Listen a
Comes a
Gush b
Peace c
But b
Slurp b
Accept other illustrations
Rhyme helps to emphasize the message and create musically in poem

d) Loudly; in order to emphasize the message

ii) Bawl Ball

Whale Wail
Draft Draught
Missed Mist

iii) a) - Make an appointment the politician (Interviewer)

- Set time for the interview
- Inform the interviewee and the listeners about the interview i.e. Announcement
- Ensure all support materials and personnel are ready and functioning e.g. machines,
writing materials e.t.c.
- Set specific objectives for the interview
- Have a copy of proposed constitution
- Read and understand the proposed document, especially the contentious clauses
- Set the interview questions in systematic and clear manner i.e should be precise
- Accept any six and any other appropriate answer/ point

b) - Begin the interview with introduction e.g. personal details, and the purpose of the
interview
- Make the topic of the interview clear
- Allocate appropriate time to each event that would take place during the interview
- Make the necessary materials available
- Ask specific questions of the interview
- Manage the time allocated
- Make reference from the proposed constitution
- Give the interview appropriate time to respond to questions
- Asking for clarification where necessary
- Allow for the final conclusion both from interviewee & interviewer

iii) - Use of drawing e.g. map to illustrate the direction

- Use of compass direction e.g. move West, South, Turn left right
- Use of physical infrastructure e.g. roads, buildings, streets, avenues e.t.c.
- Use of geographical appearance e.g. mountains, rivers, forests e.t.c.
- Illustrating means of transport e.g. train, matatu e.t.c.
- Indicating the distance either accurate or approximations
- Use of sign posts
- Indicate time frame
- Source of assistance in case of difficulties
- The language should be imperative
- Accept any six, each point should be accompanied by explanation
- Accept any other appropriate answer/ point