Revision Notes

Class 5 Mathematics
Chapter 11 Area and its Boundary

What is a 2D figure?
• A two-dimensional shape is a plane figure that can be drawn on a flat
surface.
• It has only two dimensions which are length and width. It has no
thickness or depth
• Example : Rectangle, Circle, Square etc

What is Area?
• The space enclosed by a plane figure is referred to as its area (2
Dimensional shapes).
• Square units are used to measure area.
• The area of a plane figure is the number of squares required to completely
cover it. Example: The area of the square given below will be the number
of squares of the unit side required to completely cover the square.

Image: Area of big Square

Since it would be silly to always count all those squares to find the area
we just multiply both sides.
• Hence we can get formulae for the area as

Image: Area of Rectangle and Square

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 • Formula to find the number of figures of area “x” to completely cover a
figure of area “y” = y/x.
Example : No of pink sheets required to completely cover yellow sheet
will be 18/3 = 6

Image: Area of Rectangle

Question 1. If the length of the board is 12 cm and the breadth is 10 cm and

we want to cover the board with square sheets. The side of the square sheet
is 2 cm. How
many sheets are required to cover the board?

Solution: Length of board = 12 cm

Breath of board = 10 cm
Area of board = length x breadth
⇒ Area of board = (10 x 12) cm2
⇒ Area of board = 120 cm2
Side of sheet = 2 cm
Area of sheet =side × side
⇒ Area of sheet= (2 × 2) cm2
⇒ Area of sheet = 4 cm2
Number of sheets required = Area of board / Area of sheet
⇒ Number of sheets required = 120 / 4
⇒ Number of sheets required = 30
Answer. 30 sheets are required to cover the board.

What is Perimeter?
• The perimeter of a two-dimensional figure is the length of the figure's
boundary.
• If the figure is a triangle, square, or rectangle, the perimeter is the sum
of the edge lengths.
• Example: Let’s find the perimeter of a given rectangle

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 Image: Perimeter of Rectangle
Here the length of the rectangle is 25 m whereas the breadth of the
rectangle is 5 m. Length of the boundary will be (25 + 5 + 25 + 5) m =
2(25 + 5)m = 60 m.
• Hence, we get formulae for perimeter as :

Image: Perimeter of Rectangle and Square

Question 2. It is known that the area of a square is 81 cm2. Find the

perimeter of the square.
Solution: Area =81 cm2
Area = side × side
⇒ 81= (a)2
⇒ (9)2 = (a)2
⇒ 9 cm = a
⇒ Perimeter = 4 × side
⇒ Perimeter = 4 × 9
⇒ Perimeter = 36 cm
Answer. The perimeter of the given square is 36 cm.

Units
• A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a quantity that is
adopted by law and is used as a standard for measuring the same type of
quantity.
• We measure the perimeter of any figure in mm, cm, m, or km.
• We measure the area of any figure in mm square, cm square, m square, or
km square.

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Measurement Abbreviations and their comparisons
Units Abbreviation
Millimeter/millimeters mm
Centimeter/centimeters cm
Meter/meters m
Kilometer/kilometers km
Square millimetre mm2
Square centimetre cm2
Square meter m2
Square kilometre km2
1 mm < 1 cm < 1 m < 1 km
2 2 2 2
• 1 mm < 1 cm < 1 m < 1 km

Scale of drawing
• A drawing of a real object reduced or enlarged by a certain amount
(called the scale).
• Example: A garden with a paved border is shown below. 1 cm on this
garden is equal to 100 m on the ground.

Image: Rectangular garden

Let’s find the length and breadth of the garden on the ground.
Length will be 6 x 100 m = 600 m.
Breadth will be 5 x 100 m = 500 m.

Relationship between area and perimeter

• Consider two rectangles A and B having the same perimeter as 18 units.

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 Image: Relationship between area and perimeter

Observe that both of them have different areas (Area of Rectangle A = 18

square units whereas Area of Rectangle B is 20 square units)

Image: Relationship between area and perimeter of a rectangle

Hence we conclude that:

• The two shapes having the same perimeter can have different areas.
• Similarly, two shapes having the same areas can have different
perimeters.

Area when we cut image

• If we cut any 2D figure then the area of that 2D figure will be equal to the
area of pieces. For example, if we cut a polygon into three pieces then the
area of the polygon is equal to the sum of the area of three pieces.

Image: Area when we cut the image

Question 3. Take a sheet of paper with a length of 14 cm and a breadth of 5

cm. Now cut this sheet into 5 equal rectangles. Find the area of each
smaller rectangle.

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Solution: Area of a sheet of length 14 cm and breadth 5 cm = Sum of the area
of five equal rectangles

Image: Area of the big rectangle

Area of sheet of length 14 cm and breadth 5 cm = 5 x (area of small rectangle)

⇒ 14 x 5 = 5 x (area of small rectangle)
⇒ Area of small rectangle = (14 x 5) / 5
⇒ Area of small rectangle = 14 cm2

Answer. The area of each smaller rectangle is 14 cm2.

Area of irregular shapes

Image: Area of irregular shapes

Question 4. Find the area of the below figure:

Solution: After colouring and counting we observe that the total area of the
figure will be (3+7+1) square units = 11 square units.

Practice Questions
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Question 1. Umang plans to tile his kitchen floor with grey square tiles.
Each side of the tile is 10 cm. His kitchen is 200 cm in length and 150 cm
wide. How many tiles will he need?

Question 2. Rahul, Bhavika, and Kabir made rectangular greeting cards.

Complete the table for their cards:
Whose card Length Breadth Area Perimeter
Rahul 5 cm 40 cm2
Bhavika 9 cm 3 cm
Kabir 6 cm 60 cm

Question 3. Find the area of the below figure:

Answer 1. 300 tiles.

Answer 2.
Whose card Length Breadth Area Perimeter
Rahul 5 cm 8 cm 40 cm2 26 cm
Bhavika 9 cm 3 cm 27 cm2 24 cm
Kabir 5 cm 10 cm 50 cm2 30 cm

Answer 3. 7 square units

Hint :

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