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Complete - SLASh - Science9 - Week 1 and 2

The document provides information about the respiratory and circulatory systems and how they work together to transport nutrients, gases, and other molecules throughout the body. It explains that the respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide, while the circulatory system transports blood through arteries, veins, and capillaries where gas exchange and nutrient exchange occurs. It also describes the dual circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood through the heart, lungs, and body via the pulmonary and systemic circuits.

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23 views

Complete - SLASh - Science9 - Week 1 and 2

The document provides information about the respiratory and circulatory systems and how they work together to transport nutrients, gases, and other molecules throughout the body. It explains that the respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide, while the circulatory system transports blood through arteries, veins, and capillaries where gas exchange and nutrient exchange occurs. It also describes the dual circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood through the heart, lungs, and body via the pulmonary and systemic circuits.

Uploaded by

Creative Impressions
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Simplified Learning and Assessment Sheet (SLASh)

Subject: Science 9 Quarter First Grade: 9


Title: TRANSPORT OF NUTRIENTS IN THE Weeks: 1-2
RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Most Essential Learning Competency:


Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to
transport nutrients, gases, and other molecules to and from the different
parts of the body.

Presentation of Lesson:
The human respiratory system consists of organs in the body that help us to
breath. Respiration is linked to breathing. The respiratory system does two very
important things: it brings oxygen into our bodies and gets rid of carbon dioxide.
In humans and other animals, the necessary nutrients, gases and liquids
are transported in the body though the blood. Blood is carried through the body via
blood vessels. There are three blood vessels in the human body. These are the vein,
artery and capillary.
An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, where it
branches into ever-smaller vessels. All arteries have relatively thick walls that can
withstand the high pressure of blood ejected from the heart. Eventually, the
smallest arteries, vessels called arterioles, further branch into tiny capillaries,
where nutrients and wastes are exchanged, and then combine with other vessels
that exit capillaries to form venules, small blood vessels that carry blood to a vein,
a larger blood vessel that returns blood to the heart.
The respiratory system works directly with the circulatory system to provide
oxygen to the body. This substance moves into the blood vessels that circulates the
oxygen-rich blood to tissues and cells in the body. The chart be-low shows the
comparison of the arteries and veins in human body.

Blood flow refers to the movement of blood through a vessel, tissue, or


organ, and is usually expressed in terms of volume of blood per unit of time. It is
initiated by the contraction of the ventricles of the heart. Ventricular contrac-tion
ejects blood into the major arteries, resulting in flow from regions of higher

Gov. Isidro S. Rodriguez Sr. Memorial National High School 1


Simplified Learning and Assessment Sheet (SLASh)
pressure to regions of lower pressure, as blood encounters smaller arteries and
arterioles, then capillaries, then the venules and veins of the venous system.

Heart and Blood Circulation


The human heart consists of four chambers: The left side and the right side
each have one atrium and one ventricle. Each of the upper chambers, the right
atrium (plural = atria) and the left atrium, acts as a receiving chamber and
contracts to push blood into the lower chambers, the right ventricle and the left
ventricle. The ventricles serve as the primary pumping chambers of the heart,
propelling blood to the lungs or to the rest of the body.

There are two distinct but linked circuits in the human circulation called the
pulmonary and systemic circuits. Although both circuits transport blood and
everything it carries, we can initially view the circuits from the point of view of
gases. The pulmonary circuit transports blood to and from the lungs, where it
picks up oxygen and delivers carbon dioxide for exhalation. The systemic circuit
transports oxygenated blood to virtually all of the tissues of the body and returns
relatively deoxygenated blood and carbon dioxide to the heart to be sent back to the
pulmonary circulation.

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk,
which leads toward the lungs and bifurcates into the left and right pulmonary
arteries. These vessels in turn branch many times before reaching the pulmonary
capillaries, where gas exchange occurs: Carbon dioxide exits the blood and oxygen
enters. The pulmonary trunk arteries and their branches are the only arteries in the
post-natal body that carry relatively deoxygenated blood.

Highly oxygenated blood returning from the pulmonary capillaries in the


lungs passes through a series of vessels that join together to form the pulmonary
veins the only post-natal veins in the body that carry highly oxygenated blood. The
pulmonary veins conduct blood into the left atrium, which pumps the blood into
the left ventricle, which in turn pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta and on to
the many branches of the systemic circuit.

Eventually, these vessels will lead to the systemic capillaries, where ex-
change with the tissue fluid and cells of the body occurs. In this case, oxygen and
nutrients exit the systemic capillaries to be used by the cells in their metabolic
processes, and carbon dioxide and waste products will enter the blood.

The blood exiting the systemic capillaries is lower in oxygen concentration


than when it entered. The capillaries will ultimately unite to form venules, joining
to form ever-larger veins, eventually flowing into the two major systemic veins, the
superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, which return blood to the right
atrium. The blood in the superior and inferior venae cavae flows into the right
atrium, which pumps blood into the right ventricle. This process of blood
circulation continues as long as the individual remains alive.

Dual System of the Human Blood Circulation Blood flows from the right
atrium to the right ventricle, where it is pumped into the pulmonary circuit. The
blood in the pulmonary artery branches is low in oxygen but relatively high in
carbon dioxide. Gas exchange occurs in the pulmonary capillaries (oxygen into
the blood, carbon dioxide out), and blood high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide
is returned to the left atrium. From here, blood enters the left ventricle, which

Gov. Isidro S. Rodriguez Sr. Memorial National High School 2


Simplified Learning and Assessment Sheet (SLASh)
pumps it into the systemic circuit. Following exchange in the systemic capillaries
(oxygen and nutrients out of the capillaries and carbon dioxide and wastes in),
blood returns to the right atrium and the cycle is repeated. ( Anatomy and Physiology.Betts,
J. G., et.al..Open Stax))

Optional Activities for Practice (Do it in your Science notebook)

Task Name What to do Where to find it


Learning Task 3 Letter A Make a Venn Diagram to Page 9 of Science module
only show the similarities and (Quarter 1)
differences of circulatory
and respiratory systems.
Use the description
words written on the
module

Graded Performance Task: (in one whole sheet of paper)

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Simplified Learning and Assessment Sheet (SLASh)

Graded Quiz:
Directions: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter of the best
answer. Put your response Provided.

1. Which of the following is the function of the respiratory system?


a. absorption of nutrients c. gas exchange
b. transport of oxygen d. skeletal support
2. The lungs bring ______ into the body and eliminates _____ from the body.
a. carbon monoxide, oxygen c. carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
b. oxygen, carbon dioxide d. oxygen, carbon monoxide
3. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory system?
a. Alveoli b. Bronchus c. Heart d. Trachea
4. Which type of circuit/ circulation is responsible for the movement of blood
from the heart to the rest of the body, excluding the lungs?
a. Pulmonary Circulation c. Systemic Circulation
b. Coronary Circulation d. Both a and c
5. All of the following are true about human circulatory system except _____
a. Heart rate changes in response to our physical activity.
b. White blood cells help fight microbes that may cause diseases.
c. Veins have thinner walls than arteries.
d. The atria pump blood out of the heart.
6. Which structures of the heart receive blood from the lower and upper parts of
the body?
a. Arteries b. Veins c. Atria d. Ventricles

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Simplified Learning and Assessment Sheet (SLASh)
7. What type of blood vessels carries blood away from the heart?
a. Veins b. Arteries c. Capillaries d. All of the above
8. At what structures in the lungs do the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
take place?
a. Bronchi b. Alveoli c. Bronchioles d. Trachea
9. What is the main function of the blood in circulatory system?
a. Carries the gases, nutrients and other molecules to and from the different
parts of the body.
b. Pumps the blood throughout the body
c. Where the exchange of gases and nutrients take place.
d. Where the carbon dioxide is absorbed.
10. Why is oxygen important to blood and to the cells?
a. Oxygen helps the blood to clot.
b. Oxygen is necessary for cell growth and energy.
c. Oxygen brings food to the cells.
d. Oxygen is not important -- carbon dioxide is the most
important substance to the body.
11. Which of the following is another name for the flu?
a. Pneumonia c. Asthma
b. Influenza d. Tuberculosis
12. Which of the following is the best form of physical exercise?
a. Playing computer games c. Playing chess
b. Jogging d. Watching TV

Reflection /Journal: (copy and answer in your notebook)

Today I learned about ___________________________________________________________

I like the lesson because ________________________________________________________

I need to learn more about ______________________________________________________

I can learn more if I _____________________________________________________________

Table of Specification

Gov. Isidro S. Rodriguez Sr. Memorial National High School 5

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