Anticipation Guide

Read each of the statements in the anticipation guide. If you agree with the statement, circle A in the Before
Learning column. If you disagree with the statement, circle D in the Before Learning column. 

ELEMENTS

1. Pure substance
– Made of only 1 type of particle
– Ex: copper wire only has copper atoms
2. Can’t be separated into simpler substances by chemical or physical means
 The simplest pure substance.
3. Each has a unique set of properties
– Called characteristic properties
– Can be physical or chemical
4. Classified by their properties
– Metals
– Nonmetals
– Metalloids

NONMETALS METALLOIDS
METALS Dull (no shine) Characteristics of metals and
Shiny Poor conductors nonmetals
Good conductors At room temp, only a few are solids Semiconductors
Malleable that are brittle Ex: silicon, germanium
Ductile Most are gases
Ex: gold, silver, copper Ex: hydrogen, oxygen, helium
  There are 118 elements that have been identified though only 88 of them are naturally occurring.
Elements in the Universe
 Hydrogen makes up 75% of all matter!
 Helium makes up about 20% with oxygen being the 3 rd most abundant element.
 All the other elements are relatively rare in the universe.

CHEMICAL SYMBOL
 Shorthand way of representing the elements
 Usually one or two letters
 Usually taken from the name of the element
o Carbon – C, Calcium – Ca, Hydrogen – H, Iodine – I, Oxygen – O, Chlorine – Cl
 Some symbols come from their Latin name:
o Gold – Au (Aurum)
o Silver – Ag (Argentum)
o Iron – Fe (Ferrum)
o Mercury – Hg (Hydrogyrum)
COMPOUNDS
• Do you know any compounds?
• How are they different from elements?
• Characteristics
1. Found in nature more often than pure elements
2. Have more than one element
3. Elements are chemically bonded to each other
– Mg + O2 makes MgO
4. Pure substances that occur in fixed ratios by mass
– 1g H to 8g of O in every water molecule
5. Can’t be separated by physical means
6. Have their own unique set of properties
• Pure substances made up of more than one element
• 2 or more elements chemically combined
• Can be broken into simpler substances through chemical reaction
CHEMICAL FORMULA
 A shorthand way of representing compounds.
 If chemical symbols are the “letters”, these are the “words”
o NH3 – ammonia,
o C3H7OH – rubbing alcohol
 Subscripts are small numbers used in chemical formulas.
 They are placed to the lower RIGHT of the chemical symbols
 Represent # of atoms of an element in a compound
o CO2 = 1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen
o H2SO4 = 2 atoms of hydrogen, 1 atom of sulfur and 4 atoms of oxygen

CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Sort Me!

Direction: Categorize the material in each dish as element, or compound.

ELEMENT OR COMPOUND or MIXTURE!

Each picture below is one of the following:

- Element (E) - Mixture of Compounds (MC)

- Compound (C) - Mixture of Elements and Compounds (MEC)
- Mixture of Elements (ME)
Direction: Correctly label each picture for what it is representing. Remember, each shape symbolizes an element. If two
different elements are connected, then that object symbolizes a compound.
IDENTIFY ME!

Identify whether the following are ELEMENT or COMPOUND.

1. Carbon 6. Beryllium 11. Na 16. NaCl

2. Hydrogen 7. Carbon dioxide 12. NaOH 17. H
3. Sodium Chloride 8. Carbon monoxide 13. NaOCl 18. Be
4. Oxygen 9. Helium 14. He 19. H2O
5. Magnesium Sulfate 10. Sulfur 15. O 20. C

COUNT ON ME!

Complete the chart by counting the elements and naming them.

Formula Number of different elements Name of the elements

1. H2O
2. NaCl
3. C6H12O6
4. NaOH

ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for each question. Use a
separate sheet for your answers.
1. Which of the following CANNOT be broken down into simple substance?
a. chemical formula
b. compound
c. element
d. mixture
2. Which of the following is NOT an example of element?
a. helium gas
b. hydrogen
c. ice
d. iron
3. Which of the following statements is true about elements and compounds?
a. They are homogenous in nature
b. They are the simplest form of matter.
c. They can be broken down into simpler substances.
d. They are commonly and naturally occurring materials.
4. Which of the following substance is NOT a compound?
a. carbon dioxide
b. hydrogen
c. salt
d. sugar

5. Which of the following describes an element?

a. The simplest substance.
b. It can be broken down into other types of substances.
c. It can be separated through a chemical process.
d. It is composed of two or more types of atoms.
6. Which of the following statements correctly describes a compound?
I. It can be broken down into a simpler type of matter by chemical means.
II. It has unique properties that are different from the properties of its individual elements.
III. It is composed of atoms of two or more elements that bond together.
IV. It is composed of atoms of the same kind.
a. I, II, III, IV
b. I, II, III only
c. I, II, IV only
d. II, III, IV only
7. What is the resulting compound if Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas combine?
a. hydrogen peroxideb. salt c. sugar d. water
8. What elements made up the compound Carbon Dioxide?
a. carbon and carbon c. Carbon and oxygen
b. carbon and oxide d. Carbon and hydrogen

9. Which of the following is correctly matched?

I. Nitrogen: Element: Nitrous Oxide: Compound
 II. Iron: Element: Rust: Compound
III. Mercury: Element: Copper: Compound
IV. Oxygen: Element: Water: Compound
a. I, II, III, IV
b. I, II, III only
c. I, II, IV only
d. I and II only
10. Sodium is a silvery solid that reacts violently with water and chlorine. When they combine to form
the compound sodium chloride known as salt, there is a fundamental change in the properties. Salt is
often added to our food when cooking and it is safe to eat. Which of the following statements supports
the idea presented?
a. True to all compounds, they no longer have the properties of the elements that makes them up.
b. True to some compounds, it maintains the properties of the elements that makes them up.
c. True in all elements, it maintains its properties even after it combines with other elements.
d. True to all elements, they have the properties after they are combined.

11. Which of the following is substance compound?

a. alloy b. gold c. iron d. silver
12. Which of the following is an element?
a. oxygen b. gun powder c. salt d. water
For items 13—15, Tell whether the given substance is element or compound. Write 1
for element and 2 for compound.
_______________13. Calcium Carbonate
_______________14. Nickel
_______________15. Nitrogen

Segregate ME!

GARBAGE COLLECTOR!
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for each question. Use a
separate sheet for your answers.
1. Which of the following substance composed of one type of atom?
a. chemical formula b. compound c. element d. mixture
2. Which of the following is NOT a compound using the given set of properties?
a. helium gas b. hydrogen c. ice d. iron
3. Which of the following statements is true about elements?
a. homogenous in nature
b. group in each state
c. commonly group according with their set of properties
d. commonly group according with their set of characteristics
4. Which of the following statements is true about compounds?
a. heterogeneous in nature
b. joined using chemical process
c. commonly group according with their set of properties
d. homogenous in nature
5. Which of the following is a property of an element?
a. It is the simplest substance.
b. It is composed of two or more types of atoms.
c. It can be separated through a chemical process.
d. It is composed of two or more types of substances.
6. Which of the following is a property of a compound?
a. The simplest substance.
b. It is composed of two or more types of atoms.
c. It can be separated through a physical process.
d. It is composed of two or more types of substances.
7. Which of the following is an example of an element?
a. iron b. hydrogen peroxide c. salt d. water
8. What elements made up the compound Potassium Nitrate?
a. potassium and oxide c. potassium and hydrogen
b. potassium and nitrogen d. potassium and potassium
9. Which of the following is correctly matched compound?
a. carbon and oxygen (carbon dioxide)
b. sodium and chlorine (sodium chloride)
c. hydrogen and water (hydrogen dioxide)
d. potassium and nitrogen (potassium nitrite)
10. Sodium is a silvery solid that reacts violently with water and chlorine is a green, poisonous gas.
When they combine to form the compound sodium chloride or we know as salt, there is a fundamental
change in the properties. Salt is often added to our food when cooking and it is safe to eat. Which of the
following statements supports the idea presented?
a. True to all compounds. They no longer have the properties of the elements that make them up.
They have their own properties.
b. True in some compounds. Some compounds maintain the properties of the elements that make
them up.
c. True to all elements. Elements maintain its properties even after it combines with other
elements.
d. True to all elements. Compounds maintain its properties even after it combines with other
elements.
11. For items 11—12, refer to the problem below.
a. Substance A and Substance B were examined. The results showed that Substance A is made
up of a single atom and cannot be broken down into simple form while Substance B is made up of two or
more atoms of
different kinds and can be broken down into its components.
12. Which of the following is substance B?
a. compound b. element c. mixtures d. pure substance
13. Which of the following is substance A?
a. acid b. element c. compound d. mixture
14. Which of the following could be an example of Substance B?
a. calcium oxide b. ice c. iron oxide d. water
15. Which of the following could be an example of Substance A?
a. oxygen b. potassium nitrate c. sodium chloride d. water
16. Which of the following could be the properties of Substance A?
a. made of one atom b. made up of one or more element
c. made up of two or more atoms d. joined through chemical process
PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

 The elements, alone or in combinations, make up our bodies, our world, our sun, and in fact, the
entire universe.
 The most abundant element in the earth’s crust is oxygen.
 The Periodic Table is the arrangement of these elements by increasing atomic number and
similar properties.
 Each element on the Periodic Table has an atomic number, symbol, name and average atomic
mass.
 Atomic number – the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.
 Average atomic mass – the mass of an atom including the protons, neutrons and electrons.

How it is Arranged?

The red lines show the different periods and the green lines show the groups.

Grouped Elements Have Similarities

• Elements in the same group have similar properties. Remember, groups are columns.
• Chemical Property - a property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their
identity. Ex: burning something.
• Physical Property - a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the
substance into something else. Ex: measuring something’s length, color, mass or volume.
Get to know the Periodic Table