GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad

L.D.COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AHMEDABAD

A UDP Project report
On

Smart parking system

Team ID: - 417870

Under subject of Project II

B.E. III, Semester-VI
IC Branch

Submitted by:
Sr.No. Name Enrollment No.
1 Abhay A Suthar 200280117002
2 Hit S Kadia 200280117039
3 Jinil S Patel 200280117016
4 Uday V Khamal 200280117044
Prof. Patel Manisha Prof. Manish Thakkar
Faculty Guide Head of the Department
Academic year: 2023
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this opportunity with much pleasure to thank all the people who have helped us through
the course of our journey towards producing this report. We sincerely thank our project guide
Prof. Manisha Patel for his guidance, help and motivation. Apart from the subject of our
project, we learnt a lot from him, which we are sure, will be useful to us in different stages of our
life. We would like to express our gratitude to them for much help with the project guidance and
methodology, and for review and many helpful comments.

Suthar Abhay (200280117002)

Kadia Hit (200280117039)
Patel Jinil (200280117016)
Khamal Uday (200280117044)
 SELF DECLARATION
We Abhay Suthar, Hit Kadia, Patel Jinil and Uday Khamal the student of Instrumentation &
control Engineering, having 200280117002, 200280117039, 200280117016 and 200280117044
respectively enrolled at L.D.COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AHMEDABAD hereby certify and
declare the following:

1. We have defined our project based on inputs at GEC Gandhinagar and each of us will
make significant efforts to make attempt to solve the challenges. We will attempt the
project work at my college or at any location under the direct and consistent monitoring
of Prof. Manisha Patel. We will adopt all ethical practices to share credit amongst all the
contributors based on their contributions during the project work.

2. The project work is not copied from any previously done projects directly.

3. We understand and accept that the declaration if found to be untrue, it can result in
punishment/cancellation of project definition to us including failure in the subject of
project work.

Names Contact numbers Sign

Abhay Suthar 9313235993
Hit Kadia 9328112637
Jinil Patel 9016137814
Uday khamal 8141757713

Place: Ahmedabad
 Abstract
Traffic is the major problem faced by each country. And the solution of this problem is to develop
well designed parking areas. But in the advancement of the technologies with invention of
Internet of Things, the Automation (Smarter technologies) is replacing the traditional
methodologies which in cause resulting in wide range improvement of the Fields. Now we are in
the state of automation where the up gradation of smarter technologies are improving day by day
in maximum sectors starting from smart homes, garbage, vehicles, industries, farming, health,
grids and so on. In the field of parking, the improvement with the implementation of Automation
is also taking place with the invention of Internet of Things. The main idea of this paper is
focused on the review of the improvement in the smart parking sector. The use of smart payment
method and multilevel parking system can lead to increase strength of parking system. Here
application needed basic inputs like radio frequency/ infrared signal and power sources with
some components. This kind of parking system will save as well as use more parking space to
park the vehicles. This kind of parking system also provide safety to the consumers, structure and
vehicles also. This kind of parking systems are operated by various controller and displays all
information to the consumers by LCD display.
 INDEX
SR. No Content Pg. no

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Problem Summary and Introduction 1
1.2 Aim and objectives of the project 1
1.3 Problem specifications 1
1.4 Brief Literature Survey 2
1.5 Plan of our work 3
1.6 Materials/Tools Required 3
1.6.1 Software tools 3
1.6.2 Hardware materials 4

Chapter2: Design, Analysis, Methodologies and

Implementation Strategy
2.1 Requirements Gathering 6
2.1.1 Purpose 6
2.1.2 Product scope 7
2.1.3 System Requirements 7
2.1.3.1 User Requirements 7
2.1.3.2 Functional Requirements 8
2.1.3.3 Non-Functional Requirements 8
2.1.3.4 Hardware Requirements 8
2.1.3.5 Software Requirements 8
2.2 Canvas: 9
2.2.1 AEIOU Canvas 9
2.2.2 Empathy canvas 10
2.2.3 Ideation canvas 11
2.2.4 Product development canvas 12

2.2.5 Learning needs Metrix canvas 13

2.2.6 Mind Map canvas 13

Chapter 3: Implementation, Results and Testing
3.1 Block diagram 13
3.2 Basic circuit diagram of payment module and flame detector with Arduino 14
3.3 Arduino IDE code 15

3.4 Testing and verification results 18

Chapter 4: Conclusion
4.1 Advantage of your work/result/methodologies 19

4.2 Scope of future work 19

Reference
Appendix
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Problem Summary

In the country like India where population is increasing day by day so traffic is the
biggest issue because of lack of space to park vehicle. People park their vehicles anywhere
which can create problems for other in their daily lives. So the main point of the problem is
space. For purpose of parking large number of vehicles in industries, luxurious malls and
other places there is highly need of more space(land) and it will become so costly. And in
current scenario of development of technologies in the world we also need to keep watch on
making smart parking technologies.

Introduction of the project

Parking is very important and useful sector which provide major role to make road
transportation safe and easy. Technology advancements in the area of parking facilities will
ascertain to increase the competence of certain parking activities. We have proposed a smart
(Automatic) parking system by using concept of multilevel parking to prevent space issue
and by using “Radio frequency identification” to make payment of parking very easy and
more efficient. We also add some safety features there to prevent some kinds of incidence.

1.2 Aims and objectives of the project

The main aim of the project is to make parking system smart, automatic and easy.
We can implement a simple payment system by use of Radio frequency identification reader
and tags/cards. We can also solve the problems related the parking space by using the
concept of multilevel parking system. By implementing the multilevel parking structure, we
can use more parking space to park more vehicles on each floor of parking. We can save the
energy by using solar energy and we can also implement some sensor based concepts to
prevent unnecessary use of energy. We can implement some safety features to prevent
incidence related to the fire and another else by using the sensors like infrared sensors and
flame detector.

1.3 Problem specifications

a) It is very important to check about the balance (Amount) in your card because without
making of payment car could not enter in the parking system.
b) It is important to set optional way in safety features because whenever the incidence
related to the fire happens flame detector will alert you not save you so we need to think
about consumer’s safety also.
1.4 Literature Survey
Primary investigation is carried out as follows: Understanding the existing
approaches, Understanding the requirements, developing an abstract for the system

The paper on “Vision based automatic parking system” is intended to create a

multilevel parking concept in well manner to save and use maximum space provided there.

The paper on “Parking system with centralized reservation, payment and

enforcement” is intended to create a safe, easy and automatic parking payment system using
Radio frequency identification based module and components with interfacing with
controller.

The paper on “Information technology general” is intended to create a parking

system smart and safe. By this paper we are able to implement the safety concepts of fire
detection by using sensors like Flame Detector and Infrared Sensor.

The patent on “Automated parking system” is intended to create a parking system

more efficient than the previous technologies. The concept of multilevel parking system is
implement in this patent which can provide the maximum use of space for parking of more
vehicles. It could become possible to use each row and column of every parking floor for
purpose of park more vehicles. The radio frequency identification concept is also present in
this by which we can easily make payment through the cards or tags. The facility of automatic
lift which works on the movement related to the priority of parking space on each floor. All
the information or instruction related to this process will displayed on the LCD display. By
using solar-energy we can save more energy. By adding safety features parking system will
become more accurate and safe. Implementation of flame detector and infrared sensor can
prevent incidence related to the fire. If the incidence related to fire happens the flame detector
detect the flame of fire and send an output signal to the controller and controller provide input
to the fire alarm.
1.5 Plan of work
Project planning process was divided into two phases. The first phase included
requirement gathering and analysis, design and modelling. In the next phase, learning about
component interfacing would begin. This would include learning about component interface
design and coding.
In this semester, we completed the requirement gathering and analysis for the
project. We have also finished modelling and preparation of related documents. Other activities
performed included study of relevant patents for PDE and development of various canvases such
as the AEIOU Canvas, Empathy Canvas, Ideation Canvas, Business model canvas and Product
Development Canvas which have been useful in the understanding of the goals of the project. We
have also started learning and generating code for the implementation of our project. We have
completed working model of our project.

1.6 Materials/Tools Required

1.6.1 SOFTWARE:
The following are the technologies which are used in our project:
• Tool Used: Arduino IDE 1.8.13
• Programming Language: C
• Operating system: Windows

Arduino IDE 1.8.13

Arduino IDE software stands to provide facility of interaction between user to the components
with using Arduino hardware device. By this software we can implement operational code to the
hardware component which can be used to control or instruct various devices. We can use every
type of Arduino board with this software. It is easy to use and implementation of program.

C language
C language is the general purpose programming language which is used widely in various
programming sectors. By using C language, we can generate our code related to our project
operation. In our project we will implement operational C language code to Arduino to make our
parking and payment system very easy and safe.
1.6.2 HARDWARE:
Arduino Mega
Arduino Mega is an open source microcontroller board developed by Arduino.cc. The
board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards and circuits.
The Arduino Mega board has,
• 54 digital I/O pins
• 16 analog I pins
 It is programmable with Arduino IDE via USB cable.
It is the easiest way to control and analyze input/output and interfacing of components with each other
through Arduino hardware device.

Radio frequency identification reader and card/tag

Radio frequency identification reader is work as transmitter and receiver type method
and object means radio frequency identification tag or card acts as object. We can use these things
as per our requirements where objects can be bottles on conveyer, car, door key, etc.
Inside the reader there is presence of RF signal generator, controller and receiver/
transmitter.
And inside the tag/cards there is presence of transponder, rectifier circuit, controller, memory.
Frequency of operations are three types:
• Low frequency (125 kHz – 134 kHz); Range up to 10 cm
• High frequency (13.56 MHz); Range up to 1 m
• Ultra high frequency (860-960 MHz); Range can travel up to long distance

RFID :

RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification, and it is a technology that uses radio waves to wirelessly
identify and track objects or people. An RFID system consists of two main components: an RFID reader and an
RFID tag. The reader sends out a radio signal that is received by the tag, which then sends back a unique
identification number to the reader. This technology is commonly used in various industries, such as logistics,
retail, and transportation, for tracking inventory, monitoring goods in transit, and automating processes.
NodeMCU : (ESP8266)

NodeMCU is an open-source firmware and development board based on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi
chip. It allows for easy programming and communication with the internet, making it popular
for Internet of Things (IoT) projects. The NodeMCU firmware is written in Lua scripting
language, and the board includes a USB-to-serial converter for easy programming and
debugging.
Chapter 2: Design, Analysis, Methodologies and
Implementation Strategy

2.1 Requirements Gathering

In this part we discuss the different requirements and analyse them to enable us to
design and model our system.
System requirements include that it must work with requirements analysts to
distinguish what is the system and what is the system environment. Boundaries of the system
have to establish. This decision has to be made early in the process to limit the cost and time
needed for analysis to find out the requirements.
Responsibilities of system analysts include:
• To recognize the benefits of user and provide them more efficient and better developed parking
system
• Provide the process instructions at each floor and in whole parking system so user can use this
system very easily.
• It is necessary to arrange the facilities related to the recharge of cards.
• To provide some safety feature for protection of peoples like “emergency exit”.

The term specification means “different things to different people”.

It includes analysis of data describing the system to determine how well it is performing, What
kind of requirements must be met, and strategies for fulfilling them. Following activities are
important and must be performed correctly.

1. Analysis of actual data:

The data collected during the vehicle enters in the parking and included in data flow and
make decision analysis documentation are examined to determined how well the system is
performing during the whole process.

2. Identification of essential requirements:

Features that included in the new system, ranging from operational details to performance
criteria are specified.

2.1.1 Purpose
Purpose of this document is the definition of general requirements of the smart
“Automation in parking system”. And the main purpose of implementation of this concept is to make
parking system smart, automatic, safe and easy to use.
2.1.2 Product scope
We will provide the best functionality. Our project is about the “Automation in parking
system” which provide multilevel parking structure and the fully automated system including lift,
payment system and safety features. This concept will become very useful in future reference.

2.1.3 System Requirements

Requirement Analysis
The requirement analysis is all about to analyze the system design, it’s function, it’s
performance as well as the hardware and software interfacing analyze about the software
understanding of process.

1. Design
Design is the most important thing to develop a better architecture or working process
model it could be for software as well as for the hardware also. A better design of code can
represent a process operation in well manner. And in hardware design of project will represent a
well design architecture.

2. Testing
Testing process focus on logical program of controller, assuring that all commands have
been tested, and in hardware it is focus on the maintenance of the system interfacing, for solving
the error.

3. Maintenance
Maintenance is the major requirement because it is more important to check the
components connection, performance and interfacing regularly to prevent damage in process
model. It is also important to check, update the code to upgrade in a new technologies which can
provide more benefits to customer.

2.1.3.1 User Requirements

• Easy to use
• Easily understandable
• Easy to access
• Effectiveness
2.1.3.2 Functional Requirements

• The new user can register their card detail

• Instructions will be provided
 • Emergency exit gate presence to save consumers

2.1.3.3 Non-Functional Requirements

• User Interface:
The user interface is designed such that the user feels it ease to work with and get
acquainted to it easily. The interface is user friendly and self-descriptive so that the user
need not take many pains in handling the daily activities.

• Response time:
Response time is not to large that the user need to spend hours waiting for the output like the
waiting for the home screen to open.

2.1.3.4 Hardware Requirements

• Arduino Mega
• Radio frequency identification module
• Radio frequency identification cards/tag
• Lift
• Flame detector
• Fire alarm system
• IR sensor
• Servo and Gear motors
• LCD displays

2.1.3.5 Software Requirements

• Arduino IDE (Arduino.cc)
• C language
• Windows operating system
 2.2 Canvas:
2.2.1 AEIOU Canvas

2.2.2 Empathy canvas

2.2.3 Product Development canvas

2.2.4 Ideation canvas

2.2.5 Learning Needs Metrix

2.2.6 Mind Map canvas

Chapter 3: Implementation, Results and Testing
3.1 Block diagram

Block diagram of Automation in parking system:

 3.2 Program:

Aurdino Side:

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial nodemcu(2,3); //serial commu. betn aurdino and nodeMCU with pin 2,3

int parking_slot1_it_s = 4; // define variable

int parking_slot2_it_s = 5; int
parking_slot3_it_s = 6; int parking_slot4_it_s
= 7;

String sensor1;
String sensor2;
String sensor3;
String sensor4;

String cdata = ""; //complete data,consisting of sensors values

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); //activating the serial commu. with board rate:9600 for debugging
nodemcu.begin(9600);

pinMode(parking_slot1_it_s, INPUT); //function: that take 2 argument:name and input

pinMode(parking_slot2_it_s, INPUT); pinMode(parking_slot3_it_s, INPUT);
pinMode(parking_slot4_it_s, INPUT);
}

void loop() // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

{
p1slot1(); // user-define func. for cont. monitoring the ir
p1slot2(); p1slot3();
p1slot4();

cdata = cdata + sensor1 +","+ sensor2 +","+ sensor3 +","+ sensor4 +","; // comma to
seperate
Serial.println(cdata); // to send data to monitor for deburging nodemcu.println(cdata);
// to send data to nodemcu
delay(6000); // delay of 6s
cdata=""; // empty the cdata
digitalWrite(parking_slot1_it_s, HIGH); digitalWrite(parking_slot2_it_s,
HIGH); digitalWrite(parking_slot3_it_s, HIGH);
digitalWrite(parking_slot4_it_s, HIGH);

void p1slot1() //user def. function to check status of slot 1

{
if ( digitalRead(parking_slot1_it_s) == LOW)
{
sensor1 = "255";
delay(200);
}
if( digitalRead(parking_slot1_it_s) == HIGH)
{
sensor1 = "0";
delay(200);
}
}

void p1slot2() //user def. function to check status of slot 1

{
if ( digitalRead(parking_slot2_it_s) == LOW)
{
sensor2 = "255";
delay(200);
}
if( digitalRead(parking_slot2_it_s) == HIGH)
{ sensor2 =
"0";
delay(200);
}
}
void p1slot3() //user def. function to check status of slot 1
{
if ( digitalRead(parking_slot3_it_s) == LOW)
{
sensor3 = "255";
delay(200);
}
if( digitalRead(parking_slot3_it_s) == HIGH)
{ sensor3 =
"0";
delay(200);
}
}
void p1slot4() //user def. function to check status of slot 1
{
if ( digitalRead(parking_slot4_it_s) == LOW)
{
sensor4 = "255";
delay(200);
}
if( digitalRead(parking_slot4_it_s) == HIGH)
{ sensor4 =
"0";
delay(200);
}
}
NodeMCU Side:

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <SimpleTimer.h>
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL37DoiAFx3"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "Parking"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "nM-EW9r12TdOCmsDcEkri65jKwhXjxUK"
char auth[] = BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN; //new device and get

char ssid[] = "Jack";

char pass[] = "11111111";

SimpleTimer timer;

String myString; //complete mess. from aurdino, which consists of sensors data char
rdata; //received character

int firstVa1, secondVa1,thirdVa1;

int led1,led2,led3,led4,led5,led6;

// This func. sends Aurdino's up time every sec. to Virtual Pin (1) //In
the app,Widget's reading freq. shoud be set to PUSH. This means
//that you define how often to send data to blynk app.

void myTimerEvent() {
Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, millis() / 1000); //this define how often you have to send data to app
}

void setup()
{
// Debug console
Serial.begin(9600);

Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);

timer.setInterval(1000L,sensorvalue1); //func. that execute every sec.

timer.setInterval(1000L,sensorvalue2);
timer.setInterval(1000L,sensorvalue3); timer.setInterval(1000L,sensorvalue4);

void loop()
{
if (Serial.available() == 0 )
{
 Blynk.run();
timer.run(); // initiates BlynkTimer;
}

if (Serial.available() > 0) // if nodemcu receive any data then

{
rdata= Serial.read();
myString = myString+ rdata; // this condition make sure entire mess. is receive
// Serial.print(rdata);
if(rdata == '\n')
{
Serial.println(myString);
//Serial.println("fahad");
// new code
String l = getValue(myString, ',',0); // sensor value store in var. l
String m = getValue(myString, ',',1);
String n = getValue(myString, ',',2);
String o = getValue(myString, ',',3);

// these led represents the leds used in blynk app.

led1 = l.toInt(); // convert string to Int .
led2 = m.toInt();
led3 = n.toInt(); led4
= o.toInt();

myString = ""; // empty variable

// end new code
}
}
}

void sensorvalue1()
{
int sdata = led1; // use to send value of led 1 to virtual pin
Blynk.virtualWrite(V10, sdata);
}

void sensorvalue2()
{
int sdata = led2; // use to send value of led 1 to virtual pin
Blynk.virtualWrite(V11, sdata);
}

void sensorvalue3()
{
int sdata = led3; // use to send value of led 1 to virtual pin
Blynk.virtualWrite(V12, sdata);
}

void sensorvalue4()
{
int sdata = led4; // use to send value of led 1 to virtual pin
Blynk.virtualWrite(V13, sdata);
}

String getValue(String data, char seperator, int index) //this func. is use to split the screen
mess. using comma
{
int found = 0; int strIndex[] =
{0, -1}; int maxIndex =
data.length() -1;

for (int i = 0;1 <= maxIndex && found <= index; i++)
{
if (data.charAt(i) == seperator || i == maxIndex)
{
found++; strIndex[0] =
strIndex[1] + 1;
strIndex[1] = (i == maxIndex) ? i+1 : i;
}
}
return found > index ? data.substring(strIndex[0], strIndex[1]) : "";
}

Flow chart:
3.3 Testing and verification

Application results:

Before parking car

After parking car

3.4 Pin diagram
Chapter 4: Conclusion
Improving from productivity of parking system we can implement smart, automatic
and safe parking system by using the concept of multilevel parking system concept which
will operated through the lift and by implementation of radio frequency identification
concept we make payment system very easy and accurate. Safety features provide more
benefits to the consumers by this product concept we can improve parking system
technologies in a better way in the domain of automation which will be surely became more
useful in future reference.

4.1 Advantage of your work/result/methodologies

• Easily payment through Radio frequency module and cards
• Consumes less space compared to regular parking system
• Provide safety features
• Emergency exit
• Provide facility of recharge the card
• Fully automatic process

4.2 Scope of future work

• Implementation of extra payment facilities
• Implementation of row and column technique to use more parking space

References:
https://patents.google.com/patent/
https://arduino.cc/ https://scholar.google.com/

Appendix:
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