Disaster has been an irrevocable phenomena, that we humans are experiencing over the past

years-which lead to so much destruction in: Environmental, Social, Mental, Physical, and Emotional
issues. We can not deny the fact that our municipality is vulnerable to any kind of calamity such as
typhoon and landslides.
Disaster are serious disruptions to the functioning of a community that exceed its capacity to cope
using its own resources. Disasters can be caused by natural, man-made, and technological hazards, as
well as various factors that influence the exposure and vulnerability of a community.
Disasters can be caused by many different kinds of hazards, and can have devastating impacts on
people and communities. The frequency, complexity, and severity of their impacts are likely to increase in
the future due to factors such as climate change, poverty and inequality, environmental degradation, weak
governance, globalized economic development, and poorly planned urban development.

How does these six underlying factors are connected to a disaster?

First is the Climate Change. Climate change is a long-term shifts in temperature and weather
patterns. These shifts may be natural, however, human activities have been the main driver of climate
change. As the earth’s surface temperature rises, more droughts and storms are likely to occur. As more
water vapor evaporates into the atmosphere, it becomes fuel for creating more powerful storms. Higher
atmospheric heat and higher sea surface temperatures can increase tropical storm wind speeds. Climate
change is already modifying the frequency and intensity of many weather-related hazards as well as
steadily increasing the vulnerability and eroding the resilience of exposed populations. The exact impacts
of climate change are uncertain, but it is important to recognize that not all regions will be affected in the
same way as the center of the calamity area do.
Poverty and Inequality. Poverty causes disasters and disasters causes poverty. When disaster
strikes, poor people often lose their assets on which their survival depends. At the same time, their
limited resources, lack of access to education and health services can increase their expose to risks. For
example, many poor people’s livelihoods depend on agriculture, but a drought or a flood can destroy a
year’s income in the blink of an eye.
The reduction of the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological objectives and needs
is described as Environmental Degradation. This degradation and the associated decline of ecosystems
and their invaluable services are driving disaster risk. Changes to the environment can influence the
frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards. For
instance, deforestation of slopes often leads to an increase in landslide hazard and removal of mangroves
can increase the damage caused by storm surges.
Weak Governance. Weak governance is a driver of disaster risk, and is linked to many other risk
drivers such as poverty and inequality, poorly planned urban development, and globalized economic
development. To be most effective in reducing disaster risk, an integrated systems approach to
governance, featuring strong coordination across sectors and a delegation of responsibilities to the local
level is needed. Weak governance zones are investment environments in which public sector actors are
unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services,
public services, and ensuring that public sector management is efficient and effective. These “government
failures” lead to broader failures in political, economic and civic institutions that are referred to as weak
governance.
Globalized Economic Development. As the new global economy promoted the dominance of
certain regions, cities, and groups in the global economy, it also fostered the marginalization of the others.
The poverty and inequalities created by this polarized new world order and economy are expected to
change and increase vulnerability to disasters. At the same time, increasing dominance and prosperity in
certain regions and cities is expected to result in increased exposure to hazards. You can build more and
more expensive plants in vulnerable areas. As competition intensifies, large investment flows will continue
to flow into vulnerable areas, potentially creating even more severe risks. Globalized economic
development has resulted in increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale. This has
increased vulnerability to disasters in some cases, whilst increasing exposure to hazards in others as more
assets are developed in hazard-prone areas.
Lastly, the Poorly Planned Urban Development. People, poverty and disaster risk are increasingly
concentrated in cities. The growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density (in cities)
can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a
context of widespread poverty. Growing concentrations of people and economic activities in many cities are
seen to overlap with areas of high risk exposure. The lack of adequate infrastructure and services, unsafe
housing, inadequate and poor health services can turn natural hazard into a disaster. For example, poor
solid waste management can cause blockage to storm water and sewage networks that can lead to water
logging and flooding. Destruction or damage to infrastructure can lead to water scarcity or contamination.
And to sum everything up, we can prevent and reduce existing disaster risk through the
implementation of integrated and inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health, cultural,
educational, environmental, technological, political and institutional measures that prevent and reduce
hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus
strengthen resilience.