Compact Advanced Workbook Key
Compact Advanced Workbook Key
Answer key
Unit 1 I looked round and saw the college principal, who was clearly
very uncomfortable and was obviously trying to get to his car as
quickly as he could. A reporter pushed a microphone in his face
Reading and Use of English and said, “Would you like to respond to the allegations that have
been made against you?” The principal looked down and said
Part 7 Exam task quietly: “No comment.”
Speaker 3
1D 2C 3A 4G 5F 6E [Para B not needed]
We’d only been away for three days – a weekend break in the
Part 1 country with friends. We’d had a great time – going for walks,
doing a bit of cooking, watching our favourite TV programmes
1 paparazzi 2 one year 3 Halle Berry’s daughter and generally relaxing after a hard week at work. It was the
Exam task Sunday evening when we arrived back. Everything seemed
completely normal until we opened the front door – then it hit us.
1D 2A 3C 4A 5C 6D 7A 8C The whole place had been turned upside down – our stuff was all
over the floor. It was impossible to see what had been taken, but
Listening of course, the first thing we did was call the police. They said we
shouldn’t move anything – so we just had to sit and wait for them
1 1 5 2 dramatic situations 3 3 in the middle of our wrecked home.
44 ANSWER KEY
2 1 two 2 No, only if you wish (but you must use your own Grammar
words.)
1 2 Located in the suburbs, the new mall is very popular.
3 Having been late for college yesterday, he set his alarm for
3 1 Nevertheless or However 2 Although 3 Despite an earlier time this morning.
4 However
4 Having completed the project, he started his next venture.
5 Looking over her shoulder, she saw the train leaving.
4 Model essay 6 Having taken the wrong train, I found myself in Swindon
When an economy is doing badly, it is not unusual for businesses not Oxford.
to make older employees redundant. People in their fifties and 7 The man walking the dog is a friend of mine.
older are often more seriously affected by unemployment than 8 Not having had / Having not had a break all day, I was
younger colleagues, because they are less likely to find jobs they desperate for something to eat.
are qualified to do with an acceptable level of pay. Frequently,
9 Stepping up to the microphone, the presenter cleared his
this leads to long-term unemployment among people in this age
group. I will now suggest two possible solutions to this problem.
voice.
10 Driven carefully, this car is quite safe.
It has been suggested that older unemployed people might share
jobs. This arrangement would benefit two unemployed people, 2 1 Having seen some of the damage done by tourists, I am
but the disadvantage would be that neither would earn the same now a strong believer in eco-tourism.
amount of money as in their previous employment. This, in turn
2 Wanting to boost the economies of the places they visit,
would have a negative impact on their family’s standard of living.
eco-tourists try to eat only locally produced food.
On the plus side, job-sharing would allow people some free time
to pursue other interests, or even to retrain. 3 Having arrived two hours late, the group missed their flight.
4 Being an experienced travel guide, Mario always gives
This brings me to my second solution to the problem of older reliable advice about places worth visiting.
unemployed workers: retraining. One of the reasons that it is 5 Having been climbed by large numbers of tourists, Uluru,
difficult for this group to find work is that they may not have or Ayers Rock, in Australia is now seriously eroded.
the skills required by modern organisations. They might be 6 Giving Uluru back to the Aboriginal people in 1985, the
equipped to do basic manual work, but a retraining programme Australian government hoped that tourists would respect its
would provide them with skills which would be more attractive to
spiritual significance.
potential employers.
Reading and Use of English
Of these two possible solutions to the problem of long-term
unemployment among the over-fifties, I would suggest that Part 3
retraining would be more likely to help these people back
into work because, like everyone else, the over-fifties want to 1 1 inappropriate 2 deregulate 3 enforce
maintain their standard of living and do satisfying work. 4 improbable 5 irrrational
2 1 recall 2 antisocial 3 interaction 4 outperforming
5 underestimate 6 overexcited 7 biannual
8 misinterpret
3 A New Zealand flag
ANSWER KEY 45
Exam task
There’s much more life below the water than above it. What I saw
1 accomplishment 2 security 3 cultural has only been rivalled by what I saw when I went diving on the
4 incredibly 5 agreeable 6 Surprisingly Great Barrier Reef. (6) I’m still kicking myself for not taking an
7 overcharged 8 peaceful underwater camera with me.
Listening My whole trip was wonderful and (7) I could give you a minute-
by-minute description. I won’t do that, but here are just a few of
my personal highlights. Firstly swimming with sea creatures. One
Part 2 Exam task of the sea turtles we swam with actually swam into me – thank
goodness it didn’t do me any damage. On another occasion,
1 fascinated 2 Australia 3 by boat 4 starting point
a sea lion chased me for a few minutes. I have to admit I was
5 desert 6 underwater camera rather worried to start with but he didn’t attack me – I think he
7 (personal) highlights 8 glow was just curious. On the same day, I spotted an octopus that was
hiding in some rocks – it was difficult to see because it looked
Recording script exactly the same as the rocks it was hiding in.
Then, on our last night, (8) dolphins swam with the boat and
You will hear a student called Tom Sadler talking about
seemed to glow in the dark. They even did some flips – a perfect
a trip to The Galapagos Islands. For questions 1–8, ending to a perfect trip.
complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.
You now have 45 seconds to look at Part 2. Writing
You always hear that the Galapagos Islands are a once-in-a- Part 2
lifetime opportunity to see lots of unusual wildlife both on land
and in the sea, as well as unspoilt natural landscapes. After 1 1 To sum up, what we must do is encourage the next
spending a week there, I can tell you that these islands are generation to do sports.
definitely something special. They are incredibly beautiful, totally
2 It also includes recommendations / a recommendation
unique, and filled with such a diversity of life. (1) You can see why
Darwin was so fascinated by them. for improvements to help the department operate
efficiently.
Before I went there myself, (2) I didn’t even really know where 3 Despite the problems I have outlined, I enjoyed attending
the islands were – I thought somewhere between Australia this conference.
and Indonesia, but actually they’re in the Pacific a thousand
kilometres off the west coast of South America – more or less 4 In short, everything’s organised for you.
on the Equator. They’re not that hard to get to by plane from 5 In order to consider appointing someone as my assistant,
Ecuador – amazingly, there are actually two flights a day. you have asked me to write this report outlining my needs
(3) You can get there by boat but it’s at least a three-day voyage.
I suppose it would have been quite interesting to arrive in the 6 The purpose of this report is to suggest the most suitable
same way as Darwin did, but sadly I didn’t have the time. catering company.
7 Having considered all the above, I believe that my
4) I arrived at the starting point on Santa Cruz where my trip proposal meets your requirements.
started out by trying to coax the famous giant tortoises out of
hiding, so that I and the others in the group could take photos 8 I’d like to suggest some improvements to the week’s
of them. Unfortunately, they were nowhere to be found. They’d programme.
probably had enough of strangers flashing lights in their faces. It
was a bit disappointing, but luckily we found some later on in the
day and took photos of them instead.
2 1 A tourist region in your country.
2 For a tutor. To look at the impact of tourism.
Our days on the islands were pretty much the same. In the 3 The place and its popularity; the impact on the region;
morning, we would set off on a hike before it got too hot. We changes that would improve the region.
would go looking for birds, reptiles, and different types of plants.
(5) I was constantly amazed by the diversity of the landscape
here. It often went from desert to jungle on the same island.
Most afternoons, we would go diving. This was my favourite
part of the tour. The islands themselves were great but what’s
below the surface of the water is where the Galapagos are really
spectacular.
46 ANSWER KEY
ANSWER KEY 47
Tom: So have you finished your part of the presentation yet? Grammar
Hannah: Nearly, I just need to finish off the bibliography. How
1 1 verb + that: accept, admit, agree, argue, complain, deny,
about you?
explain, suggest
Tom: I’m all done. I really just need to practise now. (3) Do
you think Nick will turn up today? 2 verb + object + that: advise, convince, inform, persuade,
Hannah: I’ve no idea. Your guess is as good as mine. promise, remind, tell, warn
Tom: Doesn’t it bother you? 3 verb + to infinitive: agree, promise
Hannah: Of course, but what can we do about it? 4 verb + object + to + infinitive: persuade, remind, tell, warn
5 verb + ing: deny, suggest
Tom: He’s hardly ever here. I doubt he’s made much progress
with his part. This presentation is worth thirty per cent
of the module, so we have to do something about it. I 2 1 Rita agreed (that) she could really relate to that.
think we need to speak to the tutor. 2 Hannah explained (that) she just needed to finish off the
Hannah: I can’t see that working. (4) He’ll just say that’s one of bibliography.
the challenges of teamwork and expect us to sort it out.
3 Hannah thought (that) he would just say it was one of the
Tom: You’re right. Let’s get in touch with Nick again. challenges of teamwork.
Hannah: We could, but it probably won’t get us anywhere. I think
4 Tom suggested getting in touch with Nick again. / Tom
we should just write his bit as well and plan to do it
without him. suggested that they get in touch with Nick again. / Tom
Tom: Really? What if he turns up on the day? suggested they (should) get in touch with Nick again.
Hannah: Well, we’ll give him the notes and tell him what to say. 5 Anthony admitted (that) he hadn’t got used to the lack of
Either way we’re covered and we’ll know it’s done, so atmosphere with no other flatmates.
we won’t have to stress. 6 Anthony complained (that) he could spend days not seeing
Tom: Good point. Let’s do it. someone else.
7 Anthony reminded Claire (that) she used to love living in
Extract Three
their house.
You hear two friends talking about living alone.
Now look at questions five and six. 3 1 Ben asked Hannah what she thought the weather was going
to be like the following day.
Claire: How’s the new flat? 2 Scott wanted to know if / whether Peter could lend him
Anthony: I love it, but it’s a bit quiet. (5) I haven’t got used to the some money until the following week.
lack of atmosphere with no other flatmates.
3 John asked Ed if / whether he had watched the match the
Claire: For me that’s probably the only downside. Think about previous night / the night before.
all the pluses – shower when you want it, not tidying up
after other people, watching what you want on TV. 4 Tom wondered if / whether anyone had seen his phone.
Anthony: True, but I do miss the social side, you know, someone 5 Maria asked Juan what time he would be home that night.
to chat to in the evening – apart from colleagues at
work, I can spend days not seeing someone else.
Claire: Yes, but now you don’t get people pinching your food
from the fridge.
Anthony: (6) I was probably one of the worst for stealing food! So
would you ever live with someone again?
Claire: I don’t know. If I had to for financial reasons I probably
would, but unless I really had to I wouldn’t.
Anthony: You used to love living in our house.
Claire: I did, but that was years ago. It’s fantastic when you’re
in your twenties, but you get to a point in your life when
you want your own space.
Anthony: So never again?
Claire: Why, do you need a flatmate?
Anthony: No, no, just curious.
Claire: Perhaps when I’m old and can’t get out of the house.
48 ANSWER KEY
Writing Unit 4
1 1 people 2 so can’t 3 take part / go in for 4 As well as
this / On top of that 5 so much information / such a lot of Reading and Use of English
information 6 Let’s meet / Shall we meet
2 1 To find out in more detail what has been happening to Part 7 Exam task
“you” at work. 1E 2D 3G 4 A 5 C 6 F [Para B is not needed]
2 In what ways the boss treats “you” differently / worse than Part 2 Exam task
other employees.
3 Help 1 as 2 comparison 3 however 4 would 5 to
6 made 7 had 8 result
3 1 paragraph 2 2 paragraph 1 3 paragraph 3
4 paragraph 5 5 paragraph 4 Vocabulary
4 1 I’m sorry 2 got me down 3 Basically 4 row 1 unaffordable; incomes; make ends meet 2 gross;
5 are supposed to 6 a word 7 putting me down overdrawn 3 interest; taxed 4 overheads
8 tells me off 9 workmates 10 I dread 11 feeling 5 loss; break even; profit
12 make things better
5 Model answer Grammar
Dear Penny, 1 1 It has been proved that shoplifting …
Thanks for your letter – it’s really good to hear from you, and 2 It will be claimed that teenagers …
thanks for asking about my studies. 3 It is said that credit cards are …
You suggest that I may be wondering whether the subjects I’ve 4 It is thought that the money …
opted to take are the right ones. When I chose these subjects 5 It has been shown that teenagers …
about this time last year, I was really interested in history and
thought it was something I was pretty good at. Unfortunately, my
last history exam results were disappointing and, as a result, I’ve 2 1 People’s spending habits are influenced by different
lost a bit of confidence and some of the interest I had in history. factors.
The other subjects, economics and politics are fine – I’m really 2 As you probably know, a good level of English is needed
enjoying them. I can drop history at the end of this year, but in order to attend that university. Or As you probably know,
I’ve got to pass an end of year test and revising for that is what’s you need a good level of English in order to attend that
difficult at the moment. I think when you’ve decided to drop a university.
subject, remaining interested is quite difficult.
3 This custom has been disappearing lately.
As for your suggestion that I may have more interesting things
on my mind, you’re absolutely right. The main thing is that I’ve 4 England (has) qualified for the finals of the World Cup.
finally got a social life. The last two years have been really hard 5 The story is set in the 30s.
work for me, but now I’m relaxing a bit and I’m spending quite
a lot of time hanging out with my friends. Of course, this makes
studying more difficult. So it’s not that I’ve lost interest in my
studies as a whole, but just that I’ve found new ways of spending
some of my time.
Anyway, that sums up my situation. How are things with you?
Hope to hear from you soon.
Best wishes
ANSWER KEY 49
Recording script Interviewer: What kinds of assistance are you thinking of?
You will hear an interview in which two journalists, Jonathan: You know, building schools or hospitals,
(3) sending doctors and nurses armed with
Jonathan Wood and Laura Key, are discussing the life-saving drugs, providing teachers – these
subject of foreign aid to poor countries. For questions are all good examples.
1–6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best Laura: I agree, Jonathan – there are also some
according to what you hear. fantastic projects which help people to
improve their farming practices so that they
You now have 70 seconds to look at Part 3. can produce more food. We’ve recognised
for a long time that it’s better to help people
Interviewer: I think most of us would agree, wouldn’t we, to produce their own food than simply to
that the gap between rich and poor countries give them food hand-outs. And, of course,
is one of the most difficult problems of the (3) connected to this, trying to improve health
modern age? And what can be done to help services.
poor countries to move out of poverty has Interviewer: But you’d agree, wouldn’t you, that there are
been the subject of fierce debate for many times when food hand-outs are essential?
years now. Sadly, this problem hasn’t gone
away and the solutions are no clearer now Jonathan: Of course. It’s obvious that in famine situations
than they were fifty years ago. So what are where large numbers of people are at risk, we
your thoughts on this? Jonathan, can I start have to provide immediate food aid. But we
with you? should always remember that this is only a
short-term measure and (4) we need to have
Jonathan: Sure. Like most people, I used to think that longer-term strategies which help people to
if large amounts of money were given to the provide for themselves.
governments of underdeveloped countries,
the situation in those countries would Laura: Yes, and it would be the same if a population
gradually improve. Unfortunately, this has was threatened by an epidemic of some kind.
not always been the case, for a variety of The international community and particularly
reasons. And I’d say this has made some the richer countries would be duty bound
people in the donor countries rather cynical to provide medical treatment to save lives,
– especially when there is relative poverty in but then there are health issues which are
their own countries. So, (1) although most ongoing, but where aid is needed for projects
people are willing to give to charities working which require initial funding. A good example
in poor countries, they are less supportive of of this would be making sure communities had
their own governments handing over millions permanent, reliable sources of clean water.
of pounds or dollars which could be used at Interviewer: Then there’s the subject of aid money which
home. poor countries are obliged to spend on goods
and services from the donor countries. Is that
Interviewer: Laura, do you agree? Are the public in something you have views about?
developed countries becoming less generous?
Laura: I wouldn’t say they’re becoming less
generous, perhaps just a bit more cautious
about who money is given to and (2) most
importantly, how it is spent. Most of us are
willing to give to help people who are ill or
starving, but we want to be sure that our
money reaches the people who need it and
doesn’t get used to fund the luxury lifestyles of
politicians or officials.
50 ANSWER KEY
6 Model answer
Laura: It certainly is. I think this is basically a
dishonest practice, aimed partly at boosting Economists have shown that unless people save money
the economies of the donor countries rather
than helping poor countries to become
regularly, they will have a lower standard of living after
successful and independent. I would say that they retire than during their working life. Everyone used
this is one of the objections some people to save for their retirement pension, but today many
have to giving large sums of money to foreign people prefer to live for the present rather than thinking
governments. The people who benefit from about the future. Experts now say that the savings habit
this kind of aid are often the wealthier sections
of the populations of the poor countries. The
should start when people are young. In this essay, I will
money is sometimes even used to buy guns consider ways of persuading young people to save.
and tanks to be used in regional conflicts. This
is undoubtedly wrong (5) but above all, the It has been suggested that parents and other adults
poor won’t benefit at all. should make sure children are aware of what their future
Jonathan: I don’t entirely agree with that, Laura. likely needs will be and then insist that they save a small
(6) As long as the receiving government is not
proportion of their allowance or their income. This
corrupt, then tied aid like this can be beneficial
to both countries, people in the poor countries need only be 5%, but it would establish the principle of
are helped and thousands of people in wealthy regular saving.
countries have secure employment.
Interviewer: But that does depend on openness and Youngsters might object that they need all their money
honesty on both sides, doesn’t it? for daily living now and that they cannot afford to
Jonathan: Of course, that goes without saying. save. The answer to this objection would be that young
people should reduce their current spending by a small
Writing amount and then save what they don’t spend. This might
mean buying fewer snacks or drinks, or spending less on
1 1 children’s health; demands on parents their mobile phone.
2 Children’s health: obesity more of a problem
Demands on parents: children’s influence on To conclude, I recommend that young people reduce
family spending their current spending and save what they don’t spend,
3 Opinion 1: also about the growing influence taking account of their likely future needs. If everyone
children have over household spending. does this, young people will soon get used to the idea
Advertising can lead to parents feeling obliged of saving regularly. They could check their accounts
to give in to their children’s unreasonable occasionally to assure themselves that their savings are
demands. increasing in value. Hopefully, in this way they will
2 1 for example 2 to 3 however 4 Firstly 5 but realise that their life will be more comfortable in the
6 in fact 7 Not only 8 Such 9 own view future.
10 In the end
ANSWER KEY 51
52 ANSWER KEY
ANSWER KEY 53
Unit 6 Speaker 3
I only became aware of Rembrandt in my early fifties but I think
he’s an extraordinary artist. I particularly like the paintings he did
Reading and Use of English of himself – if you look at them in the order in which they were
painted, you can see how he documented with great honesty and
Part 5 Exam task in detail his progress from being a carefree young man through
to being a frail old man. As we reach old age, most of us prefer
1C 2A 3C 4B 5D 6A not to see ourselves as we really are, and go about our daily lives
Part 1 Exam task without thinking too much about our changing lives. Remarkably,
by contrast, Rembrandt doesn’t shy away from the subject – he
keeps on looking even though he almost certainly fears and
1D 2D 3B 4A 5B 6C 7D 8A
dislikes what he sees.
Listening Speaker 4
It wasn’t until I’d seen Magritte’s work in a London exhibition
Part 4 Exam task a few months ago, that I realised just how funny his stuff was.
People walk around these exhibitions with a serious expression –
2 1 E 2 H 3 A 4 C 5 F (B, D and G not used) I just walked round laughing uncontrollably. Until then, I’d always
thought of Magritte as having an interesting and intriguing mind,
6 H 7 B 8 C 4 A 10 F (D, E and G not used) but suddenly here he was, this wonderfully dry joke teller. The
work that really struck me was The Man in the Bowler Hat. He’d
spent months painting the man and then he painted a bird flying
Recording script in front of the man’s face. What’s happened there could happen
only in a photograph and he’d done a painting of it. I thought he
Part 4 consists of two tasks. You’ll hear five short extracts was so clever.
in which people talk about favourite artist. Look at Task 1.
Speaker 5
For questions 1–5, choose from the list (A–H) when each
I first came across David Hockney when my father took me to
speaker first saw their favourite artist’s work. an exhibition of his work in a small gallery in London. I must
Now look at Task 2. For questions 6–10, choose from the have been about 15, I suppose. Dad was an amateur painter
list (A–H) what most impresses each speaker about their himself and he’d read about Hockney but never seen any of his
favourite artist’s work. paintings. Unfortunately he was disappointed by what he saw,
but I was completely fascinated – particularly by the themes
While you listen, you must complete both tasks. of his paintings. They were sort of everyday events – people in
domestic situations – not the themes of great classical paintings
You now have 45 seconds to look at Part 4. like battles, rural landscapes or important people. And his use of
colour really hit me. I remember one painting: A Bigger Splash –
Speaker 1 it’s quite famous now. The colours are simple and bright. It has a
People often ask me why I love Vincent van Gogh’s paintings. I very clean look.
don’t suppose my reasons are very different from other people’s
- they just leave me open-mouthed. I clearly remember the first
time I saw an exhibition of his work about fifteen years ago, the
Grammar
bright colours and wild shapes made me so dizzy that I had to sit
down. His brushstrokes seemed to be flying off the canvas and 1 infinitive without to: can, let someone, make someone,
coming towards me. Many years before that, when I was about may, might, must, should
eight or nine, I remember staring at Starry Night - probably his
most famous painting after Sunflowers. It wasn’t the painting to infinitive: afford, attempt, decide, intend, mean, offer,
itself - just a picture in a book belonging to my dad. I remember pretend, promise, refuse
thinking how much I’d like to have been out on that night looking
up at the stars. someone + to infinitive: ask, encourage, force,
persuade, remind, tell
Speaker 2
-ing: avoid, catch someone, finish, look forward to,
I can trace my obsession with Picasso’s work back to a visit to
Paris as part of my degree course. I love Picasso for one of the object to, practise, suggest
things he is most criticised for: the fact that he didn’t paint well. to infinitive or -ing (with different meanings): forget,
I’ve had many arguments with people who don’t consider his
paintings good because they can’t recognise instantly the things regret, remember, stop, try
he paints. But they miss the point. I say that he ‘didn’t’ paint well, to infinitive or -ing (with similar meanings): continue,
not that he ‘couldn’t’ paint well. His early works show that he
had incredible skill, but he threw it all away because he wasn’t like, love, prefer, start,
interested in painting what you could see with your eyes, he was
interested in painting what you couldn’t see but what was equally
real.
54 ANSWER KEY
ANSWER KEY 55
Extract 2 Grammar
You hear part of an interview with Carlos Gomez, an 1 Seldom have we seen such environmental destruction.
architect who designs environmentally-friendly houses. 2 Not only did the storm damage hundreds of trees, it also
brought down power lines.
Now look at questions three and four.
3 On no account should you smoke if there are young
children in the room.
Woman: So, tell me Carlos, you advertise yourself as a ‘green
architect’ – how exactly are you different from a normal 4 In no way were the children to blame for the damage.
architect? 5 Not until the twentieth century did they start cutting down
Carlos: Well, a lot of what I do is exactly the same as what a the rainforests.
normal architect does. So, for me, the appearance and 6 Little did people realise that vehicle emissions caused
comfort of my houses are essential. The design of every global warming.
house I build is based on what the people who are
going to live in the house want. Their requirements and 7 Hardly had the ship left the harbour when it sank.
tastes come first for me, but in addition, my buildings 8 Under no circumstances should fires be lit here.
have to be eco-friendly. 9 Never before have I seen such a blaze.
Woman: Okay, but what does that mean in practice?
10 Nowhere else in the world will you see these species.
Carlos: Well, all my buildings have triple-glazed windows
and roofs made of solar panels. This means that they
require almost no heating. But in addition, rainwater
Writing
is collected and recycled, so minimising the use of 1 1 Obviously, we should save energy whenever we can.
externally supplied water. And all waste products are
processed and can be used as compost in the garden. 2 Fortunately, no one was hurt in the accident.
Woman: That’s very impressive, but I guess your houses cost a 3 Not surprisingly, everyone welcomes the tax cuts.
fortune – more than ordinary home-buyers could afford. 4 Sadly, there were hardly any butterflies in our garden this
Carlos: Of course the initial construction costs are summer.
comparatively high, but you have to remember that the 5 Apparently, this winter will be the coldest on record.
running costs of my houses are very low compared with
those of traditional buildings.
3 1 the law – Paragraph 2; education – Paragraph 3
Extract 3
2 Two opinions used:
You hear two managers talking about how their • We should control the use of precious resources like petrol
company could reduce the negative impact it has on the and gas.
environment. • People need to be convinced they can make a difference.
Now look at questions five and six. Paraphrase: the population need to be persuaded more
Woman: So we have this meeting in two weeks’ time and we’ve
forcefully that individuals should change their behaviour
got to come up with some suggestions. Have you had Paraphrase: fossil fuels should be limited in future.
any thoughts? 3 Education
Man: I’ve had a few initial ideas, and I’d suggest we do 4 People need to be taught about the problem and to
something to reduce the amount of packaging we use
understand how they can contribute to the solution rather
in our stores. That would help to reduce our costs and
be a benefit to the environment. And we could publicise than be subjected to new laws which they might see as
this in a new advertising campaign to prove what a unfair.
responsible business we are. We might even attract
new customers.
Woman: Not a bad idea Ben, but we’d have to make sure people
didn’t think we were doing it just to increase our profits.
Man: Of course, but I’d see that as a win-win situation. We
spend less on plastic wrappings and boxes, and our
customers have less to carry home and throw away.
Woman: I don’t disagree with that, but what about trying to buy
more of the food we sell locally – that would mean our
lorries didn’t have to travel so far, which in turn would
also reduce our costs, and benefit local farmers.
Man: And it would reduce air pollution caused by our vehicle
emissions.
Woman: Good thinking – a great idea, Ben.
56 ANSWER KEY
Reading and Use of English You will hear a businessman, Mike Townsend, talking
about what he finds difficult about learning a language.
Part 8 Exam task For questions 1–8, complete the sentences with a word or
a short phrase.
1C 2D 3B 4A 5C 6 C 7 D 8 B 9 A 10 B
You now have 45 seconds to look at Part 2.
Part 3 Exam task
1 requirements 2 attendance 3 basic 4 reduction With my trip to Brazil coming up later in the year, I’m doing a
5 ensure 6 productive 7 increasingly 8 antisocial crash course in Portuguese, and I’ve been thinking about what
makes learning a language difficult. You often hear people say:
Spelling “Oh, Japanese, that’s really hard” or “Isn’t Arabic supposed to
be impossible to learn?” I did French at school and found that
verb noun adjective very difficult but since then I’ve had to learn other languages
1 give gift and found them much easier. In the end (1) I don’t think that
2 decide decision decisive / indecisive any language is actually any more difficult to learn than any
other. Essentially, the degree of difficulty depends on differences
3 clarify clarity clear between a learner’s own language and the language they’re
(also clear) learning. (2) And then what is frequently forgotten when
considering this subject is the learner’s motivation.
4 believe belief believable / unbelievable
5 apply application applicable / inapplicable Looking back, I think French was difficult for me because
applicant (3) I had no reason to learn it – it was just another school subject,
whereas since then I’ve had real reasons to learn languages. For
6 lengthen length long
example, I learnt basic Chinese so that I could do business in
7 think thought thoughtful / thoughtless China. It was important for me to show people that I had taken
(also unthinkable) the trouble to learn some of their language. As well as helping
me to understand and talk technical issues and money matters,
8 horrify horror horrific
(4) knowing some Chinese means that I can also socialise with
people I meet. I learnt Spanish at university so I’m hoping I won’t
Grammar find Portuguese too difficult – they’re similar languages.
1 1 which / that / – ; who 2 which / that 3 which 4 which / One of the biggest problems for English learners, of course is the
that; which / that; who / that 5 when 6 which / that; where idea of gender. When I was learning French, I never understood
7 whose 8 whom why tables were feminine – someone told me that in German
2 Sentences 1 and 5 are correct they’re masculine, but now I realise of course that tables
themselves aren’t masculine or feminine – it’s the words that
2 my work number, which you already know? have a gender. And of course pronunciation can be a problem.
3 our office lift is not working, which makes things British people feel embarrassed if they make pronunciation
4 many traditions’ a few of which look like mistakes. I can understand that. (5) Going back to French, I
found the pronunciation of the letter “r” really tricky. And I know
6 nursery school where I gained that the French find the English “th” sound a real problem.
7 the article which / that appeared in your
8 in an environment where speaking
Listening
Part 2 Exam task
1 difficult 2 motivation 3 reason 4 socialise
5 (really) tricky 6 false friends 7 spoken form 8 (quite)
straightforward
ANSWER KEY 57
4 Model letter
Then there’s the problem of vocabulary. (6) Languages often have
words that look and sound similar to words in your language but Dear Sir or Madam,
have completely different meanings – so-called false friends. I
remember at school I always made the mistake of thinking the
French word ‘‘librairie’’ meant library in English, but it doesn’t – it I am writing on behalf of the university to let you know that we
means bookshop. And apparently in Portuguese “educado”, are in the process of organising a series of open days to show
which looks like “educated” actually means polite. So that can be prospective students what studying with us would be like. We
a cause of problems and difficulties, too. would be grateful if you could draw this opportunity to the
attention of your final year students.
I know when I’m learning a language, (7) my primary aim
is to master the spoken form, because I want to be able to
communicate with people I meet on my travels. In lots of The open days will take place during the first week of November
languages, the written form is quite different from the language and be organised by the different departments of the university.
people speak and of course not all languages have the same Students interested in finding out about Geography, Physics or
alphabet or scripts. Having to learn a whole new script, such as Engineering should attend on Monday. Our Language, Literature
Arabic, must cause real problems. From this point of view (8) I and History departments will be open on Tuesday, and the
found Russian quite straightforward, but Chinese very difficult. Creative Arts department, including Music, Art and Drama can
be visited on Wednesday. On these days visitors will be able to
Writing talk to staff and students currently studying in these departments.
1 1 as advertised 2 taken every opportunity 3 discuss my Thursday and Friday of the same week will be general
application further 4 gained valuable 5 applying for the information days when students can find out about applying for
post 6 currently unemployed 7 Please find enclosed courses, accommodation and other such matters. There will also
8 taking the time to consider be a number of talks from senior university staff on these days.
3 Suggested answers
As I have indicated in my opening paragraph, our days are
Phrases Suggested intended primarily for students in their final year at secondary
replacements school and intending to apply for university, but younger students
may also visit if they wish.
1 to start with in the first instance
2 got much bigger grown considerably Following their visits students may wish to arrange individual
3 do different jobs fill a variety of meetings with departmental staff or to put in applications for one
positions of our courses.
4 ready to work nights prepared to work night
shifts We look forward to welcoming your students to one of our open
days.
5 we don’t need any no specific skills are
special skills required
Yours faithfully,
58 ANSWER KEY
ANSWER KEY 59
60 ANSWER KEY
Reading and Use of English You’ll hear five short extracts in which people are
talking about worries and anxiety. Look at Task 1. For
Part 6 Exam task questions 1–5, choose from the list (A–H) the signs of
worry described by each speaker.
1C 2D 3A 4B Now look at Task 2. For questions 6–10, choose from
Part 4 Exam task the list (A–H) the cause of the worry described by each
1 is on good terms 2 seems to have forgotten 3 came as speaker.
no surprise to me 4 to get back to 5 would/’d rather you While you listen you must complete both tasks.
did not / didn’t tell 6 ’m / am looking forward to going You now have 45 seconds to look at Part 4.
Vocabulary
Speaker 1
1 stand 2 done 3 face 4 checking 5 come When I was younger, I worried all the time, about anything
6 put 7 look 8 get and everything. In my mid-twenties especially, I had what I
can only describe as extreme anxiety – mostly to do with my
Grammar job. I’d wake up in the middle of the night shaking – and the
worst of it was that it was never a single worry. It was about
1 1 was not / wasn’t / were not / weren’t 2 hadn’t / had not lots of different things. One worry would lead to another, so,
changed 3 would stop 4 had gone 5 could stop for example, I might start thinking about the wording of an
email I’d sent to my manager and end up thinking I might
6 wasn’t / was not moving 7 were / was 8 could lose my job – and there’d be lots of other related worries in
between. Looking back at that time now, all the worries seem
2 1 I’ve always regretted being an only child. very trivial.
2 I regret changing jobs / having changed jobs last year. Speaker 2
4 I regret not going to university. The thing I worry about more than anything else is money
8 I regret not being able to speak Portuguese. – and if I’m not careful I can become helpless with terror at
the thought of running out of it. But instead of thinking of a
practical solution to the problem, like ways of making more
3 Suggested answers or spending less – I just worry and because I’m not thinking
2 I wish I could find my passport. I need it tomorrow straight, the problem doesn’t go away – you know, even if
morning. I’m busy doing something, it’s there at the back of my mind.
Then suddenly, the answer will come to me and the worry
3 I wish you wouldn’t sing all the time. disappears. Of course, some of the problems are not real at
4 I wish you’d let me know you were coming to stay. all – they’re just imaginary. They’re the worst kind in some
5 I wish you’d asked before you borrowed my computer. ways.
6 I wish I could stop eating chocolate. / I wish I didn’t eat so Speaker 3
much chocolate.
Experience has shown me that there is a definite link between
7 I wish I wasn’t / weren’t (such) an untidy person. / I wish I my being very tired and being worried. It seems that if I’m
wasn’t / weren’t so untidy. / I wish I was / were less untidy. worrying about something it makes me weary. Night is always
/ I wish I was / were a tidier person. the worst time. I often lie awake for hours worrying before
I manage to get to sleep – then in the morning, whatever
Listening the worry was doesn’t seem so bad. As I’ve got older, I’ve
realised that something that seems really serious at the time
1 shy 2 trustworthy / honest 3 naïve 4 sociable means nothing after a few months or years. People tell me I
worry most about situations or problems I’m powerless to do
5 courageous / brave 6 sensitive 7 modest anything about – they’re probably right. And I always imagine
8 optimistic the worst that can happen.
Part 4 Exam task
1H 2E 3C 4F 5B [Not needed: A,D,G]
6 G 7 B 8 D 9 E 10 C [Not needed: A, F, H]
ANSWER KEY 61
Speaker 4
I was permanently stressed and always worrying about what
lay ahead. This made me unable to make up my mind about
things in case I made mistakes. My whole life was chaotic and
I just couldn’t figure out how to deal with all the uncertainty.
I had a family that depended on me and I had rent and other
things to pay. All the stress affected my life at home, my
personal relationships and it made me ill. Eventually I realised
that I was in a spiral of anxiety, constantly worrying about
the unknown. But over the last few years, I’ve started feeling
better - I think because I’ve understood how to accept the
chaos and live with it.
Speaker 5
For as long as I’ve known Julie, she’s been in an almost
permanent state of anxiety. Even when she was very young,
she worried about being ill. So, for instance, she was sure she
was going to get a mystery illness which doctors wouldn’t
recognise. She worried so much that she lost her appetite.
Then, in her early teenage years, she started having panic
attacks at night – she’d wake up out of breath. This was
treated successfully and for a few years everything was fine,
then when she left home to go to college, the attacks started
again. She’s now taking tablets but still feels nervous and
tense for much of the time.
Writing
1 2 wherever they’re playing.
3 all the same / even so we were determined to go.
4 yet he did very well in the end of term test.
5 whichever route you decide to take.
6 even so / yet / all the same he couldn’t afford to buy a
house in this part of the city.
62 ANSWER KEY
Notes
Acknowledgements
Development of this publication has made use of the Cambridge www.marathonguide.com; p. 24 adapted from ‘Who owns the
English Corpus (CEC). The CEC is a computer database of networked future of reading?’ (Mc Cafferty, H), 23/08/2013, The
contemporary spoken and written English, which currently Guardian © Guardian News & Media Ltd 2013; p. 25, adapted
stands at over one billion words. It includes British English, from ‘Why and how important is Classical music in our modern
American English and other varieties of English. It also includes way of life’ with permission from the Gramophone forum; p. 26
the Cambridge Learner Corpus, developed in collaboration with adapted from ‘Why I love Picasso’ (McCafferty, H) 20/09/2012,
Cambridge English Language Assessment. Cambridge University Swide Magazine, www.swide.com with permission; p. 26 adapted
Press has built up the CEC to provide evidence about language use from ‘René Magritte: enigmatic master of the impossible dream’
that helps to produce better language teaching materials. (Carter, I) 19/06/2011, The Guardian, © Guardian News &
Media Ltd 2011; p. 28 adapted from ‘Seven quick ways to green
This product is informed by the English Vocabulary Profile, built fashion’ 19/08/2012, CarbonOn.Me; p. 28 from ‘How eco-friendly
as part of English Profile, a collaborative programme designed is your clothing’ (Phelps, P) 28/08/2013, with permission from
to enhance the learning, teaching and assessment of English Paula Phelps; p. 32 adapted from ‘Graduate jobs advice from the
worldwide. Its main funding partners are Cambridge University experts’ (Response 28 to article), 17/07/2011, The Guardian, ©
Press and Cambridge English Language Assessment and its Guardian News & Media Ltd 2011; p. 36 ‘Skull of Homo erectus
aim is to create a ‘profile’ for English linked to the Common throws story of human evolution into disarray’ 17/10/2013, The
European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEF). English Guardian, © Guardian News & Media Ltd 2013; p. 37 from
Profile outcomes, such as the English Vocabulary Profile, will ‘Watch this childlike humanoid robot begin to comprehend
provide detailed information about the language that learners can language,’ by Rebecca Boyle, copyright 2013. Reprinted with
be expected to demonstrate at each CEF level, offering a clear permission; p. 40 (Text C), ‘Making Habits, Breaking Habits: Why
benchmark for learners’ proficiency. For more information, please We Do Things, Why We Don’t, and How to Make Any Change
visit www.englishprofile.org Stick’ with kind permission from Psych Central.
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of Photos
copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted.
Thanks to the following for permission to reproduce copyright
While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible
photographs:
to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all
copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we p. 4 Christopher/Alamy; p. 5 Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy; p. 6
will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on Rosemary Roberts/Alamy; p. 9 Stanislav Fosenbauer/Shutterstock.
reprinting. com; p. 10 Hemis /Alamy; p. 11 EPA European Pressphoto
Agency b.v./Alamy; p. 12 Makenboluo/Shutterstock.com; p.
The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the
16 Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com; p. 18 Garo/
URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct
Phanie/ SuperStock; p. 19 Stock Connection/SuperStock; p. 20
and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher
Patrick Ward/Alamy; p. 24 Racorn/Shutterstock; p. 25 Ferenc
has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee
Szelepcsenyi/Shutterstock; p. 26 Peter Horree/Alamy; p. 28 Caro/
that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain
Alamy; p. 30 Petr Kopka/Shutterstock; p. 33 Time & Life Pictures/
appropriate.
Getty Images; p. 34 Moodboard/Alamy; p. 36 AFP/Getty Images;
Text p. 37 AllOver images/Alamy; p. 38 Vladgrin/Shutterstock.com.
p. 4 adapted from ‘The rise of citizen journalism’ (Burke, Picture research and text permissions: Sarah Deakin
J) 03/10/2006, World Association of Newspapers and News
Publishers with permission; p. 5 adapted from ‘New law to Illustrations: Mark Duffin: pp. 15, 40; Nick Duffy: pp. 22, 42
protect children from paparazzi’ 26/09/2013, Sky News with
permission; p. 8 adapted from ‘The Purpose of Travel’ (Basho), Recordings by Leon Chambers at The Soundhouse Ltd
Basho – outsidecontext.com with permission; p. 10 adapted from
Editor: Judith Greet
‘Kirsty’s Travel Blog: My first solo trip’, World Nomads.com;
p .12 adapted from ‘The impact of social media on children, Project Manager: Jane Coates
adolescents and families’ (Schurgin O’Keeffe, G and Clarke-
Pearson, K), reproduced with permission from PEDIATRICS
Vol. 127 No. 4 April 1, 2011 pp. 800–804 Copyright 2011 by The
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP); p. 16 adapted from:
‘Money weakens ability to savour life’s little pleasures’ (Yong,
E), 25/05/2010, Discover Magazine, with permission from Ed
Yong; p. 20 (Text A), adapted from ‘My first marathon’ NHS
Choices; p. 20 (Texts B, C, D, E), adapted from ‘First Marathons’
(Funderburke, D, Coelho, J, ShewThengChang; Bass, W)
64 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS