Cambridge University Press & Assessment

978-1-107-41790-8 — Compact Advanced Workbook with Answers with Audio

Simon Haines
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Answer key
Unit 1 I looked round and saw the college principal, who was clearly
very uncomfortable and was obviously trying to get to his car as
quickly as he could. A reporter pushed a microphone in his face
Reading and Use of English and said, “Would you like to respond to the allegations that have
been made against you?” The principal looked down and said
Part 7 Exam task quietly: “No comment.”
Speaker 3
1D 2C 3A 4G 5F 6E [Para B not needed]
We’d only been away for three days – a weekend break in the
Part 1 country with friends. We’d had a great time – going for walks,
doing a bit of cooking, watching our favourite TV programmes
1 paparazzi 2 one year 3 Halle Berry’s daughter and generally relaxing after a hard week at work. It was the
Exam task Sunday evening when we arrived back. Everything seemed
completely normal until we opened the front door – then it hit us.
1D 2A 3C 4A 5C 6D 7A 8C The whole place had been turned upside down – our stuff was all
over the floor. It was impossible to see what had been taken, but
Listening of course, the first thing we did was call the police. They said we
shouldn’t move anything – so we just had to sit and wait for them
1 1 5 2 dramatic situations 3 3 in the middle of our wrecked home.

Part 4 Exam task Speaker 4

I didn’t take much notice of the rain to start with, then it got
1E 2H 3D 4A 5C [Not used: B, F, G] louder and I could hear the wind in the trees but I still wasn’t
6 C 7 A 8 F 9 H 10 B [Not used: D, E, G] worried. I must have nodded off again because I found myself
suddenly awake and deafened by the roaring noise. I looked
out of the window just as a huge tree fell down across the road,
Recording script narrowly missing a car. I phoned the police to warn them to close
the road, but just then another tree crashed down, this time
You’ll hear five short extracts in which people are talking hitting a supermarket delivery lorry. I realised how fortunate I’d
about dramatic situations they have been in. been. If the wind had been in the opposite direction, I might not
be here now.
Look at Task 1. For questions 1–5, choose from the list
(A–H) the situation each speaker describes. Speaker 5
I was on holiday having a great time. The last thing on my mind
Now look at Task 2. For questions 6–10, choose from was what was happening at home. My friends and I had spent
the list (A–H) how each speaker felt in the situation they most of the day on the beach but we decided to pop into a café
describe. While you listen you must complete both tasks. for a bite to eat before going back to our hotel. The television
was on in the café – showing some local soap. The actors were
You now have 45 seconds to look at Part 4. speaking a language we couldn’t understand, then suddenly the
programme was interrupted by an English voice. Our president
Speaker 1 had been shot while on an overseas visit, probably by a local
I was hurrying to my 6 o’clock yoga class and was already late terrorist group. The reporter had no idea how serious his injuries
so I was driving fast. As I approached my turn off, I could see were. It was dreadful news but it was not unexpected.
there was quite a tailback. I wondered about going on to the next
turning, but by that time I was already committed. In the next
fifteen minutes, the queue moved just a few metres and gradually
Grammar
I became aware of a strange smell – like something cooking. An
1 1 I’d known 2 are currently looking 3 I’ll have been
hour later, still crawling along, I could see where the smell was
coming from: a burning car on the opposite carriageway. There studying 4 I was driving; made 5 we arrived; we’d
were ambulances and police cars on the scene. It really shook driven 6 I’m going to start 7 I know
me up although as far as I could see, there was no one in the car. 8 I’ve just finished; I’m
Speaker 2
2 1 is 2 will have forgotten 3 has been downloading 4 have
I came out of the college and was astonished to see at least
fifteen photographers pointing cameras in my direction. They published; are bringing out 5 had been
were shouting things like “Over here” and “Look this way”. It
took me a moment or two to realise that they were directing their
orders at someone behind me, not me.

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978-1-107-41790-8 — Compact Advanced Workbook with Answers with Audio
Simon Haines
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3 1 I didn’t met → I didn’t meet

Unit 2
2 we didn’t considered → we didn’t consider
3 were really unsatisfactory → was really unsatisfactory;
joined → had joined
Reading and Use of English
4 I have started → I started
Part 6
5 has being → has been
1 1 The purpose of travel in the 21st century
Writing 2 similarities and differences of opinion between the writers
1 1 Despite 2 In contrast, 3 In spite of the fact that Exam task
4 Nevertheless 1D 2C 3A 4B

2 1 two 2 No, only if you wish (but you must use your own Grammar
words.)
1 2 Located in the suburbs, the new mall is very popular.
3 Having been late for college yesterday, he set his alarm for
3 1 Nevertheless or However 2 Although 3 Despite an earlier time this morning.
4 However
4 Having completed the project, he started his next venture.
5 Looking over her shoulder, she saw the train leaving.
4 Model essay 6 Having taken the wrong train, I found myself in Swindon
When an economy is doing badly, it is not unusual for businesses not Oxford.
to make older employees redundant. People in their fifties and 7 The man walking the dog is a friend of mine.
older are often more seriously affected by unemployment than 8 Not having had / Having not had a break all day, I was
younger colleagues, because they are less likely to find jobs they desperate for something to eat.
are qualified to do with an acceptable level of pay. Frequently,
9 Stepping up to the microphone, the presenter cleared his
this leads to long-term unemployment among people in this age
group. I will now suggest two possible solutions to this problem.
voice.
10 Driven carefully, this car is quite safe.
It has been suggested that older unemployed people might share
jobs. This arrangement would benefit two unemployed people, 2 1 Having seen some of the damage done by tourists, I am
but the disadvantage would be that neither would earn the same now a strong believer in eco-tourism.
amount of money as in their previous employment. This, in turn
2 Wanting to boost the economies of the places they visit,
would have a negative impact on their family’s standard of living.
eco-tourists try to eat only locally produced food.
On the plus side, job-sharing would allow people some free time
to pursue other interests, or even to retrain. 3 Having arrived two hours late, the group missed their flight.
4 Being an experienced travel guide, Mario always gives
This brings me to my second solution to the problem of older reliable advice about places worth visiting.
unemployed workers: retraining. One of the reasons that it is 5 Having been climbed by large numbers of tourists, Uluru,
difficult for this group to find work is that they may not have or Ayers Rock, in Australia is now seriously eroded.
the skills required by modern organisations. They might be 6 Giving Uluru back to the Aboriginal people in 1985, the
equipped to do basic manual work, but a retraining programme Australian government hoped that tourists would respect its
would provide them with skills which would be more attractive to
spiritual significance.
potential employers.
Reading and Use of English
Of these two possible solutions to the problem of long-term
unemployment among the over-fifties, I would suggest that Part 3
retraining would be more likely to help these people back
into work because, like everyone else, the over-fifties want to 1 1 inappropriate 2 deregulate 3 enforce
maintain their standard of living and do satisfying work. 4 improbable 5 irrrational
2 1 recall 2 antisocial 3 interaction 4 outperforming
5 underestimate 6 overexcited 7 biannual
8 misinterpret
3 A New Zealand flag

ANSWER KEY 45

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Simon Haines
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Exam task
There’s much more life below the water than above it. What I saw
1 accomplishment 2 security 3 cultural has only been rivalled by what I saw when I went diving on the
4 incredibly 5 agreeable 6 Surprisingly Great Barrier Reef. (6) I’m still kicking myself for not taking an
7 overcharged 8 peaceful underwater camera with me.

Listening My whole trip was wonderful and (7) I could give you a minute-
by-minute description. I won’t do that, but here are just a few of
my personal highlights. Firstly swimming with sea creatures. One
Part 2 Exam task of the sea turtles we swam with actually swam into me – thank
goodness it didn’t do me any damage. On another occasion,
1 fascinated 2 Australia 3 by boat 4 starting point
a sea lion chased me for a few minutes. I have to admit I was
5 desert 6 underwater camera rather worried to start with but he didn’t attack me – I think he
7 (personal) highlights 8 glow was just curious. On the same day, I spotted an octopus that was
hiding in some rocks – it was difficult to see because it looked
Recording script exactly the same as the rocks it was hiding in.

Then, on our last night, (8) dolphins swam with the boat and
You will hear a student called Tom Sadler talking about
seemed to glow in the dark. They even did some flips – a perfect
a trip to The Galapagos Islands. For questions 1–8, ending to a perfect trip.
complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.
You now have 45 seconds to look at Part 2. Writing
You always hear that the Galapagos Islands are a once-in-a- Part 2
lifetime opportunity to see lots of unusual wildlife both on land
and in the sea, as well as unspoilt natural landscapes. After 1 1 To sum up, what we must do is encourage the next
spending a week there, I can tell you that these islands are generation to do sports.
definitely something special. They are incredibly beautiful, totally
2 It also includes recommendations / a recommendation
unique, and filled with such a diversity of life. (1) You can see why
Darwin was so fascinated by them. for improvements to help the department operate
efficiently.
Before I went there myself, (2) I didn’t even really know where 3 Despite the problems I have outlined, I enjoyed attending
the islands were – I thought somewhere between Australia this conference.
and Indonesia, but actually they’re in the Pacific a thousand
kilometres off the west coast of South America – more or less 4 In short, everything’s organised for you.
on the Equator. They’re not that hard to get to by plane from 5 In order to consider appointing someone as my assistant,
Ecuador – amazingly, there are actually two flights a day. you have asked me to write this report outlining my needs
(3) You can get there by boat but it’s at least a three-day voyage.
I suppose it would have been quite interesting to arrive in the 6 The purpose of this report is to suggest the most suitable
same way as Darwin did, but sadly I didn’t have the time. catering company.
7 Having considered all the above, I believe that my
4) I arrived at the starting point on Santa Cruz where my trip proposal meets your requirements.
started out by trying to coax the famous giant tortoises out of
hiding, so that I and the others in the group could take photos 8 I’d like to suggest some improvements to the week’s
of them. Unfortunately, they were nowhere to be found. They’d programme.
probably had enough of strangers flashing lights in their faces. It
was a bit disappointing, but luckily we found some later on in the
day and took photos of them instead.
2 1 A tourist region in your country.
2 For a tutor. To look at the impact of tourism.
Our days on the islands were pretty much the same. In the 3 The place and its popularity; the impact on the region;
morning, we would set off on a hike before it got too hot. We changes that would improve the region.
would go looking for birds, reptiles, and different types of plants.
(5) I was constantly amazed by the diversity of the landscape
here. It often went from desert to jungle on the same island.
Most afternoons, we would go diving. This was my favourite
part of the tour. The islands themselves were great but what’s
below the surface of the water is where the Galapagos are really
spectacular.

46 ANSWER KEY

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978-1-107-41790-8 — Compact Advanced Workbook with Answers with Audio
Simon Haines
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3 1 Yes 2 Yes 3 Government action to reverse the damage ;

Businesses should be encouraged to be more environmentally Recording script
friendly.
You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1–6,
4 The historical background: It was known to the ancient Mayan choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according
tribes to what you hear. There are two questions for each
The effect on the original town: With regard to the impact extract.
tourism has had Extract One
The reason for its popularity: Tourists are attracted to Cancun
for many reasons You hear two friends discussing an article they have both
Specific examples of the impact: A nearby rainforest has read.
shrunk in size Now look at questions one and two.

Female: Have you seen this article?

Unit 3 Male: Fascinating, wasn’t it? I loved the fact that it was a
scientific and psychological analysis.
Reading and Use of English Female: Yes, actually (1) it looks at what goes on in the brain
during childhood instead of just complaining about
teenagers’ behaviour.
Part 5 Exam task
Male: Yes, or why teenagers are much worse today than they
1B 2D 3B 4D 5C 6A used to be. I thought that part was fascinating.
Female: Oh, and the idea that teenagers aren’t irresponsible, but
Part 4 just overestimate the rewards.
key word Which part/s of the first Male: Yes, apparently they’re more motivated by rewards
sentence must you replace than any other generation and because of this, they
take more risks. It was also interesting that we become
0 profile = noun attempted not to attract better decision-makers as we get older.
attention Female: That’s just common sense, isn’t it? The more
1 attention = noun ignored experience you have, the better decisions you can
make – hardly a revolutionary idea.
2 turning = verb wishes she had accepted
Male: I know, but the way they linked it to the development of
the (job) offer part of the brain made it more interesting.
3 talked = verb persuade her not to resign Female: True, but what really stood out for me was the idea
4 keep = verb continue / high level that people remain directionless into their twenties or
thirties. (2) Learning so many different subjects and
5 meeting = verb why don’t we get together topics is making kids more intelligent, but delaying the
6 point = noun you won’t achieve anything development of part of their brain.
if you refuse Male: Yes, and that’s the part that makes them highly skilled
or expert at something.
Exam task Female: I can really relate to that. I spent years wondering what I
should do.
1 pay attention to 2 regrets turning down the offer
3 talked out of resigning 4 keep up the high level Extract Two
5 suggested meeting (up) 6 no point (in) refusing
You hear two students discussing a group presentation
Listening they have to give.
Now look at questions three and four.
Part 1
Extract one: Two friends talking about an article they read.
Extract two: Two students discussing a presentation they have
to give.
Extract three: Two friends talking about living alone.
Exam task
1C 2C 3A 4A 5B 6C

ANSWER KEY 47

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Simon Haines
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Tom: So have you finished your part of the presentation yet? Grammar
Hannah: Nearly, I just need to finish off the bibliography. How
1 1 verb + that: accept, admit, agree, argue, complain, deny,
about you?
explain, suggest
Tom: I’m all done. I really just need to practise now. (3) Do
you think Nick will turn up today? 2 verb + object + that: advise, convince, inform, persuade,
Hannah: I’ve no idea. Your guess is as good as mine. promise, remind, tell, warn
Tom: Doesn’t it bother you? 3 verb + to infinitive: agree, promise
Hannah: Of course, but what can we do about it? 4 verb + object + to + infinitive: persuade, remind, tell, warn
5 verb + ing: deny, suggest
Tom: He’s hardly ever here. I doubt he’s made much progress
with his part. This presentation is worth thirty per cent
of the module, so we have to do something about it. I 2 1 Rita agreed (that) she could really relate to that.
think we need to speak to the tutor. 2 Hannah explained (that) she just needed to finish off the
Hannah: I can’t see that working. (4) He’ll just say that’s one of bibliography.
the challenges of teamwork and expect us to sort it out.
3 Hannah thought (that) he would just say it was one of the
Tom: You’re right. Let’s get in touch with Nick again. challenges of teamwork.
Hannah: We could, but it probably won’t get us anywhere. I think
4 Tom suggested getting in touch with Nick again. / Tom
we should just write his bit as well and plan to do it
without him. suggested that they get in touch with Nick again. / Tom
Tom: Really? What if he turns up on the day? suggested they (should) get in touch with Nick again.
Hannah: Well, we’ll give him the notes and tell him what to say. 5 Anthony admitted (that) he hadn’t got used to the lack of
Either way we’re covered and we’ll know it’s done, so atmosphere with no other flatmates.
we won’t have to stress. 6 Anthony complained (that) he could spend days not seeing
Tom: Good point. Let’s do it. someone else.
7 Anthony reminded Claire (that) she used to love living in
Extract Three
their house.
You hear two friends talking about living alone.
Now look at questions five and six. 3 1 Ben asked Hannah what she thought the weather was going
to be like the following day.
Claire: How’s the new flat? 2 Scott wanted to know if / whether Peter could lend him
Anthony: I love it, but it’s a bit quiet. (5) I haven’t got used to the some money until the following week.
lack of atmosphere with no other flatmates.
3 John asked Ed if / whether he had watched the match the
Claire: For me that’s probably the only downside. Think about previous night / the night before.
all the pluses – shower when you want it, not tidying up
after other people, watching what you want on TV. 4 Tom wondered if / whether anyone had seen his phone.
Anthony: True, but I do miss the social side, you know, someone 5 Maria asked Juan what time he would be home that night.
to chat to in the evening – apart from colleagues at
work, I can spend days not seeing someone else.
Claire: Yes, but now you don’t get people pinching your food
from the fridge.
Anthony: (6) I was probably one of the worst for stealing food! So
would you ever live with someone again?
Claire: I don’t know. If I had to for financial reasons I probably
would, but unless I really had to I wouldn’t.
Anthony: You used to love living in our house.
Claire: I did, but that was years ago. It’s fantastic when you’re
in your twenties, but you get to a point in your life when
you want your own space.
Anthony: So never again?
Claire: Why, do you need a flatmate?
Anthony: No, no, just curious.
Claire: Perhaps when I’m old and can’t get out of the house.

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978-1-107-41790-8 — Compact Advanced Workbook with Answers with Audio
Simon Haines
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Writing Unit 4
1 1 people 2 so can’t 3 take part / go in for 4 As well as
this / On top of that 5 so much information / such a lot of Reading and Use of English
information 6 Let’s meet / Shall we meet
2 1 To find out in more detail what has been happening to Part 7 Exam task
“you” at work. 1E 2D 3G 4 A 5 C 6 F [Para B is not needed]
2 In what ways the boss treats “you” differently / worse than Part 2 Exam task
other employees.
3 Help 1 as 2 comparison 3 however 4 would 5 to
6 made 7 had 8 result
3 1 paragraph 2 2 paragraph 1 3 paragraph 3
4 paragraph 5 5 paragraph 4 Vocabulary
4 1 I’m sorry 2 got me down 3 Basically 4 row 1 unaffordable; incomes; make ends meet 2 gross;
5 are supposed to 6 a word 7 putting me down overdrawn 3 interest; taxed 4 overheads
8 tells me off 9 workmates 10 I dread 11 feeling 5 loss; break even; profit
12 make things better
5 Model answer Grammar
Dear Penny, 1 1 It has been proved that shoplifting …
Thanks for your letter – it’s really good to hear from you, and 2 It will be claimed that teenagers …
thanks for asking about my studies. 3 It is said that credit cards are …
You suggest that I may be wondering whether the subjects I’ve 4 It is thought that the money …
opted to take are the right ones. When I chose these subjects 5 It has been shown that teenagers …
about this time last year, I was really interested in history and
thought it was something I was pretty good at. Unfortunately, my
last history exam results were disappointing and, as a result, I’ve 2 1 People’s spending habits are influenced by different
lost a bit of confidence and some of the interest I had in history. factors.
The other subjects, economics and politics are fine – I’m really 2 As you probably know, a good level of English is needed
enjoying them. I can drop history at the end of this year, but in order to attend that university. Or As you probably know,
I’ve got to pass an end of year test and revising for that is what’s you need a good level of English in order to attend that
difficult at the moment. I think when you’ve decided to drop a university.
subject, remaining interested is quite difficult.
3 This custom has been disappearing lately.
As for your suggestion that I may have more interesting things
on my mind, you’re absolutely right. The main thing is that I’ve 4 England (has) qualified for the finals of the World Cup.
finally got a social life. The last two years have been really hard 5 The story is set in the 30s.
work for me, but now I’m relaxing a bit and I’m spending quite
a lot of time hanging out with my friends. Of course, this makes
studying more difficult. So it’s not that I’ve lost interest in my
studies as a whole, but just that I’ve found new ways of spending
some of my time.
Anyway, that sums up my situation. How are things with you?
Hope to hear from you soon.
Best wishes

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Simon Haines
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Listening Jonathan: That’s it exactly, but I would add that in recent

years, organisations which give practical
Part 3 Exam task assistance rather than just money seem to
be doing a better job of helping people and
1B 2D 3C 4A 5A 6B countries out of poverty than large donations
of cash from government to government.

Recording script Interviewer: What kinds of assistance are you thinking of?
You will hear an interview in which two journalists, Jonathan: You know, building schools or hospitals,
(3) sending doctors and nurses armed with
Jonathan Wood and Laura Key, are discussing the life-saving drugs, providing teachers – these
subject of foreign aid to poor countries. For questions are all good examples.
1–6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best Laura: I agree, Jonathan – there are also some
according to what you hear. fantastic projects which help people to
improve their farming practices so that they
You now have 70 seconds to look at Part 3. can produce more food. We’ve recognised
for a long time that it’s better to help people
Interviewer: I think most of us would agree, wouldn’t we, to produce their own food than simply to
that the gap between rich and poor countries give them food hand-outs. And, of course,
is one of the most difficult problems of the (3) connected to this, trying to improve health
modern age? And what can be done to help services.
poor countries to move out of poverty has Interviewer: But you’d agree, wouldn’t you, that there are
been the subject of fierce debate for many times when food hand-outs are essential?
years now. Sadly, this problem hasn’t gone
away and the solutions are no clearer now Jonathan: Of course. It’s obvious that in famine situations
than they were fifty years ago. So what are where large numbers of people are at risk, we
your thoughts on this? Jonathan, can I start have to provide immediate food aid. But we
with you? should always remember that this is only a
short-term measure and (4) we need to have
Jonathan: Sure. Like most people, I used to think that longer-term strategies which help people to
if large amounts of money were given to the provide for themselves.
governments of underdeveloped countries,
the situation in those countries would Laura: Yes, and it would be the same if a population
gradually improve. Unfortunately, this has was threatened by an epidemic of some kind.
not always been the case, for a variety of The international community and particularly
reasons. And I’d say this has made some the richer countries would be duty bound
people in the donor countries rather cynical to provide medical treatment to save lives,
– especially when there is relative poverty in but then there are health issues which are
their own countries. So, (1) although most ongoing, but where aid is needed for projects
people are willing to give to charities working which require initial funding. A good example
in poor countries, they are less supportive of of this would be making sure communities had
their own governments handing over millions permanent, reliable sources of clean water.
of pounds or dollars which could be used at Interviewer: Then there’s the subject of aid money which
home. poor countries are obliged to spend on goods
and services from the donor countries. Is that
Interviewer: Laura, do you agree? Are the public in something you have views about?
developed countries becoming less generous?
Laura: I wouldn’t say they’re becoming less
generous, perhaps just a bit more cautious
about who money is given to and (2) most
importantly, how it is spent. Most of us are
willing to give to help people who are ill or
starving, but we want to be sure that our
money reaches the people who need it and
doesn’t get used to fund the luxury lifestyles of
politicians or officials.

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6 Model answer
Laura: It certainly is. I think this is basically a
dishonest practice, aimed partly at boosting Economists have shown that unless people save money
the economies of the donor countries rather
than helping poor countries to become
regularly, they will have a lower standard of living after
successful and independent. I would say that they retire than during their working life. Everyone used
this is one of the objections some people to save for their retirement pension, but today many
have to giving large sums of money to foreign people prefer to live for the present rather than thinking
governments. The people who benefit from about the future. Experts now say that the savings habit
this kind of aid are often the wealthier sections
of the populations of the poor countries. The
should start when people are young. In this essay, I will
money is sometimes even used to buy guns consider ways of persuading young people to save.
and tanks to be used in regional conflicts. This
is undoubtedly wrong (5) but above all, the It has been suggested that parents and other adults
poor won’t benefit at all. should make sure children are aware of what their future
Jonathan: I don’t entirely agree with that, Laura. likely needs will be and then insist that they save a small
(6) As long as the receiving government is not
proportion of their allowance or their income. This
corrupt, then tied aid like this can be beneficial
to both countries, people in the poor countries need only be 5%, but it would establish the principle of
are helped and thousands of people in wealthy regular saving.
countries have secure employment.
Interviewer: But that does depend on openness and Youngsters might object that they need all their money
honesty on both sides, doesn’t it? for daily living now and that they cannot afford to
Jonathan: Of course, that goes without saying. save. The answer to this objection would be that young
people should reduce their current spending by a small
Writing amount and then save what they don’t spend. This might
mean buying fewer snacks or drinks, or spending less on
1 1 children’s health; demands on parents their mobile phone.
2 Children’s health: obesity more of a problem
Demands on parents: children’s influence on To conclude, I recommend that young people reduce
family spending their current spending and save what they don’t spend,
3 Opinion 1: also about the growing influence taking account of their likely future needs. If everyone
children have over household spending. does this, young people will soon get used to the idea
Advertising can lead to parents feeling obliged of saving regularly. They could check their accounts
to give in to their children’s unreasonable occasionally to assure themselves that their savings are
demands. increasing in value. Hopefully, in this way they will
2 1 for example 2 to 3 however 4 Firstly 5 but realise that their life will be more comfortable in the
6 in fact 7 Not only 8 Such 9 own view future.
10 In the end

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Unit 5 Exam task

1 fascinating 2 sweating 3 change his lifestyle 4 (great)
relief 5 progressive 6 natural 7 (too) energetic
Reading and Use of English 8 determined
Part 8
1 Suggested key words and phrases Recording script
1 be put off; previous experience You will hear Phil Matthews, a medical student, giving a
2 expected; be worse than it was presentation to fellow students about a member of his
3 training programme; go more quickly family with diabetes. For questions 1–8, complete the
4 previous injury; prevent them from competing sentences with a word or short phrase.
5 avoid walking; physical problem You now have 45 seconds to look at Part 2.
6 without weighing up the advantages and disadvantages
7 wanted to complete a race Hi, everyone. As you’ll remember, we’ve been studying diabetes
recently. (1) I’ve found our lectures particularly fascinating
8 celebrating an important event because my father has just found out he has the disease, so
9 good physical condition prior I’ve been able to see how it affects someone’s life. As we all
10 motivated; watching the end of a marathon know, there are two kinds of diabetes: Types 1 and 2. There is
nothing that can be done to prevent type 1 which often occurs
Exam task in early life, but, apparently there are steps that can be taken
to avoid type 2, such as regular exercise and a healthy diet. My
1B 2A 3E 4D 5E 6B 7C 8D 9 A 10 C dad’s in his late fifties, did hardly any exercise and didn’t have
Part 3 a particularly healthy diet. He’d been feeling slightly unwell for
some time, often experiencing (2) the symptoms of low blood
1 sugar: dizziness, sweating and weakness. He went to his doctor
on several occasions and each time (3) he was told to change his
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb lifestyle. On one occasion he was sent to the gym to encourage
activity hospitalise attractive certainly him to take more exercise. The doctor should have told him
archaeologist lengthen awful mentally he was at risk of developing diabetes. I think if he had, my dad
would have taken his condition more seriously.
decision modernise comfortable obviously
friendship modify dangerous Anyway, six months ago, he went for a routine blood test and
frustration qualify friendly the result showed that he was diabetic. (4) I remember he was
kindness sharpen healthy pretty shocked when he found out, but he also felt relief because
mentor hopeless it explained why he had been feeling unwell. Although there have
nutrition medical been trials showing that with extreme diet control, the symptoms
of diabetes can be reversed, my dad was told that the condition
participant therapeutic cannot be cured. They said he might be able to stop it getting
worse by losing weight, exercising regularly and controlling
2 1 verb → adjective 2 adjective → adjective his diet. As we’ve found out from our studies, some people
manage to control the illness for years, but (5) it is a progressive
3 noun → adjective 4 adjective → verb 5 verb → adjective condition and most patients eventually need to take medication
6 verb → adjective 7 noun → adjective 8 noun → negative to control their blood sugar. I’ve used my dad as a case study
noun for a project I’m doing. As I’d expect of him, (6) he tried the
natural way for a few months, but it didn’t work and after a year,
Exam task he was prescribed tablets. He has to attend a special diabetic
1 responsible 2 deadly 3 remarkable 4 weaken clinic every three months, where they test his blood, weigh him,
and check his eyesight. Diabetes causes nerve damage and this
5 harmless 6 effective 7 optimistic 8 discomfort(s) can affect various parts of the body, for example your heart and
your eyes, so all diabetics have to have these regular check-
Listening ups. He says he feels okay most of the time, (7) but he gets tired
if he does anything too energetic. He doesn’t complain much,
Part 2 but I think underneath, he’s actually quite worried. (8) Watching
my dad cope with diabetes has made me determined not to
1 1 prevention 2 clinical 3 surgery 4 consciousness make the mistakes he made, but he hasn’t let it ruin his life and I
5 medical admire him for that.

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Grammar 5 Model answer

1 1 hadn’t taken 2 phone 3 I’d / would ask Introduction

4 wouldn’t be 5 is 6 he’d / would be playing The aim of this proposal is to suggest ways in which traffic
accidents in our town can be prevented or reduced.
Reduced speed limits
2 1 If you don’t stick to your calorie-controlled diet, you won’t
It has been shown that many serious accidents and almost
lose weight.
all those resulting in deaths and serious injuries are caused
2 Only if I felt really ill, would I go to the doctor.(Notice by drivers going too fast. In view of this, it has been
inversion because of only) suggested that the speed limits in the town’s residential are
3 I’d have lost my tooth if I hadn’t gone to the dentist reduced from the current limit of 50 kph to 30 kph. Clearly
yesterday afternoon. this would not prevent accidents entirely, but would result
4 Provided you take regular exercise, you’ll stay fit and in fewer deaths and injuries.
healthy. Traffic calming measures
5 He would have been ill more frequently if he hadn’t kept to In addition to the introduction of reduced speed limits,
a healthy diet. it has been suggested that traffic calming measures are
introduced. Such measures, which have proved very
Writing effective in other places, would force people to drive more
carefully to avoid damaging their vehicles. Examples of
1 1 to / in order to / so as to help 2 due to 3 so that / so 4 traffic calming measures include the building of speed
in order to / so as to / to 5 because 6 so as not to 7 to / in bumps across roads, the so called “sleeping policemen”, as
order to / so as to 8 because of well as more mini-roundabouts at small crossroads.
Safety barriers
Currently, many of the roads coming into our town from
4 (Suggested answers) surrounding areas have one or two lanes in each direction
1 aim: purpose; object 2 suggest: recommend; propose but have no safety barriers between the two sides. This
3 This means: Consequently; Because of this; The has resulted in a number of very serious crashes. The
consequence of this is 4 frequently: often; regularly construction of a central barrier to separate cars going in
5 benefit: gain 6 as: since; because 7 For this reason: opposite directions would eliminate accidents of this kind.
Because of this; With this in mind; Therefore; That’s why Conclusion
8 currently: now 9 not uncommon: common; normal; not I believe that any of the above measures would reduce
unusual 10 problems: difficulties 11 At the moment: accidents. However, I would strongly recommend that all
three measures are introduced as soon as is practical.
Currently

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Unit 6 Speaker 3
I only became aware of Rembrandt in my early fifties but I think
he’s an extraordinary artist. I particularly like the paintings he did
Reading and Use of English of himself – if you look at them in the order in which they were
painted, you can see how he documented with great honesty and
Part 5 Exam task in detail his progress from being a carefree young man through
to being a frail old man. As we reach old age, most of us prefer
1C 2A 3C 4B 5D 6A not to see ourselves as we really are, and go about our daily lives
Part 1 Exam task without thinking too much about our changing lives. Remarkably,
by contrast, Rembrandt doesn’t shy away from the subject – he
keeps on looking even though he almost certainly fears and
1D 2D 3B 4A 5B 6C 7D 8A
dislikes what he sees.
Listening Speaker 4
It wasn’t until I’d seen Magritte’s work in a London exhibition
Part 4 Exam task a few months ago, that I realised just how funny his stuff was.
People walk around these exhibitions with a serious expression –
2 1 E 2 H 3 A 4 C 5 F (B, D and G not used) I just walked round laughing uncontrollably. Until then, I’d always
thought of Magritte as having an interesting and intriguing mind,
6 H 7 B 8 C 4 A 10 F (D, E and G not used) but suddenly here he was, this wonderfully dry joke teller. The
work that really struck me was The Man in the Bowler Hat. He’d
spent months painting the man and then he painted a bird flying
Recording script in front of the man’s face. What’s happened there could happen
only in a photograph and he’d done a painting of it. I thought he
Part 4 consists of two tasks. You’ll hear five short extracts was so clever.
in which people talk about favourite artist. Look at Task 1.
Speaker 5
For questions 1–5, choose from the list (A–H) when each
I first came across David Hockney when my father took me to
speaker first saw their favourite artist’s work. an exhibition of his work in a small gallery in London. I must
Now look at Task 2. For questions 6–10, choose from the have been about 15, I suppose. Dad was an amateur painter
list (A–H) what most impresses each speaker about their himself and he’d read about Hockney but never seen any of his
favourite artist’s work. paintings. Unfortunately he was disappointed by what he saw,
but I was completely fascinated – particularly by the themes
While you listen, you must complete both tasks. of his paintings. They were sort of everyday events – people in
domestic situations – not the themes of great classical paintings
You now have 45 seconds to look at Part 4. like battles, rural landscapes or important people. And his use of
colour really hit me. I remember one painting: A Bigger Splash –
Speaker 1 it’s quite famous now. The colours are simple and bright. It has a
People often ask me why I love Vincent van Gogh’s paintings. I very clean look.
don’t suppose my reasons are very different from other people’s
- they just leave me open-mouthed. I clearly remember the first
time I saw an exhibition of his work about fifteen years ago, the
Grammar
bright colours and wild shapes made me so dizzy that I had to sit
down. His brushstrokes seemed to be flying off the canvas and 1 infinitive without to: can, let someone, make someone,
coming towards me. Many years before that, when I was about may, might, must, should
eight or nine, I remember staring at Starry Night - probably his
most famous painting after Sunflowers. It wasn’t the painting to infinitive: afford, attempt, decide, intend, mean, offer,
itself - just a picture in a book belonging to my dad. I remember pretend, promise, refuse
thinking how much I’d like to have been out on that night looking
up at the stars. someone + to infinitive: ask, encourage, force,
persuade, remind, tell
Speaker 2
-ing: avoid, catch someone, finish, look forward to,
I can trace my obsession with Picasso’s work back to a visit to
Paris as part of my degree course. I love Picasso for one of the object to, practise, suggest
things he is most criticised for: the fact that he didn’t paint well. to infinitive or -ing (with different meanings): forget,
I’ve had many arguments with people who don’t consider his
paintings good because they can’t recognise instantly the things regret, remember, stop, try
he paints. But they miss the point. I say that he ‘didn’t’ paint well, to infinitive or -ing (with similar meanings): continue,
not that he ‘couldn’t’ paint well. His early works show that he
had incredible skill, but he threw it all away because he wasn’t like, love, prefer, start,
interested in painting what you could see with your eyes, he was
interested in painting what you couldn’t see but what was equally
real.

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2 1 investing 2 breaking 3 to steal 4 booking 5 saying Listening

6 pretending to know 7 to renew 8 to take
3 2 Everyone expects her to be a famous artist. Part 1
3 Amy realises this involves working hard. air pollution – harmful chemicals in the atmosphere
4 Tom denied damaging the painting. endangered species – type of animal at risk of becoming
5 I’m looking forward to going to the new musical. extinct
global warming – increase in temperature of the world’s
Writing atmosphere
1 1 I found it too heavy and quite difficult to read. habitat destruction – serious damage to areas where
2 I think it is one of the most important and captivating books animals live
ever written. renewable energy – power sources which cannot be used
3 I thought it was too wordy which is a real shame, as the up
story itself is extremely compelling. solar panel – a device that changes energy from the sun
4 It’s easy to get into and the characters grip you straight into electricity
away.
5 Perhaps the concept is good but for me it was just Exam task
too plain and monotonous.
1B 2C 3C 4A 5A 6B
6 The last quarter of the novel just seemed
too fantastical and far–fetched to me.
7 This book is truly outstanding, it is a timeless comedy that Recording script
demands to be read.
You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1–6,
choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according
4 (Suggested answers) to what you hear. There are two questions for each
1 Same author; wonderful style extract.
2 Great Expectations – strong plot; The Pickwick Papers –
weak plot; Great Expectations – interesting characters; The Extract 1
Pickwick Papers – unnecessary characters You hear two neighbours discussing future energy
3 Praising phrases: (a book I) would thoroughly recommend; supplies.
a thrilling story; an almost perfect novel; written in
Now look at questions one and two.
(Dickens’) wonderful style
Criticising phrases: I am finding it very heavy going; this Woman: I don’t understand what the problem is. As I see it,
makes the narrative confusing; no proper plot; humour does we need to make more use of renewable energy and I
not appeal to me imagine wind turbines are one of the obvious ways of
doing this. I thought most people agreed on that.
Man: Well, I agree with the first part of what you said, but not
Unit 7 the second. We definitely do need to use renewable
alternatives as much as we possibly can, I just don’t
think wind turbines are the best way of doing this?
Reading and Use of English Woman: But this part of the country’s the perfect place, isn’t it?
I mean we’re quite high up and the wind blows most of
Part 7 Exam task the time up here. You’re not one of those people who
think they spoil the look of the countryside, are you? I
1 B 2 G 3 A 4 E 5 F 6 D [Para C not needed] think that’s a really short-sighted attitude.
Part 4 Exam task Man: No, actually – I quite like their appearance.
Woman: Oh, really?
1 (the) staff came up with
Man: Yes, in fact I’d say they’re quite attractive.
2 was over the moon when she
Woman: So what’s the problem, then?
3 has a very down to earth
Man: I have two issues with them; the first is that making
4 what he looks like each turbine consumes a huge amount of energy and in
5 not as badly polluted compared with / to the end they don’t actually produce very much power.
6 since the 1970s have fish been

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Extract 2 Grammar
You hear part of an interview with Carlos Gomez, an 1 Seldom have we seen such environmental destruction.
architect who designs environmentally-friendly houses. 2 Not only did the storm damage hundreds of trees, it also
brought down power lines.
Now look at questions three and four.
3 On no account should you smoke if there are young
children in the room.
Woman: So, tell me Carlos, you advertise yourself as a ‘green
architect’ – how exactly are you different from a normal 4 In no way were the children to blame for the damage.
architect? 5 Not until the twentieth century did they start cutting down
Carlos: Well, a lot of what I do is exactly the same as what a the rainforests.
normal architect does. So, for me, the appearance and 6 Little did people realise that vehicle emissions caused
comfort of my houses are essential. The design of every global warming.
house I build is based on what the people who are
going to live in the house want. Their requirements and 7 Hardly had the ship left the harbour when it sank.
tastes come first for me, but in addition, my buildings 8 Under no circumstances should fires be lit here.
have to be eco-friendly. 9 Never before have I seen such a blaze.
Woman: Okay, but what does that mean in practice?
10 Nowhere else in the world will you see these species.
Carlos: Well, all my buildings have triple-glazed windows
and roofs made of solar panels. This means that they
require almost no heating. But in addition, rainwater
Writing
is collected and recycled, so minimising the use of 1 1 Obviously, we should save energy whenever we can.
externally supplied water. And all waste products are
processed and can be used as compost in the garden. 2 Fortunately, no one was hurt in the accident.
Woman: That’s very impressive, but I guess your houses cost a 3 Not surprisingly, everyone welcomes the tax cuts.
fortune – more than ordinary home-buyers could afford. 4 Sadly, there were hardly any butterflies in our garden this
Carlos: Of course the initial construction costs are summer.
comparatively high, but you have to remember that the 5 Apparently, this winter will be the coldest on record.
running costs of my houses are very low compared with
those of traditional buildings.
3 1 the law – Paragraph 2; education – Paragraph 3
Extract 3
2 Two opinions used:
You hear two managers talking about how their • We should control the use of precious resources like petrol
company could reduce the negative impact it has on the and gas.
environment. • People need to be convinced they can make a difference.
Now look at questions five and six. Paraphrase: the population need to be persuaded more
Woman: So we have this meeting in two weeks’ time and we’ve
forcefully that individuals should change their behaviour
got to come up with some suggestions. Have you had Paraphrase: fossil fuels should be limited in future.
any thoughts? 3 Education
Man: I’ve had a few initial ideas, and I’d suggest we do 4 People need to be taught about the problem and to
something to reduce the amount of packaging we use
understand how they can contribute to the solution rather
in our stores. That would help to reduce our costs and
be a benefit to the environment. And we could publicise than be subjected to new laws which they might see as
this in a new advertising campaign to prove what a unfair.
responsible business we are. We might even attract
new customers.
Woman: Not a bad idea Ben, but we’d have to make sure people
didn’t think we were doing it just to increase our profits.
Man: Of course, but I’d see that as a win-win situation. We
spend less on plastic wrappings and boxes, and our
customers have less to carry home and throw away.
Woman: I don’t disagree with that, but what about trying to buy
more of the food we sell locally – that would mean our
lorries didn’t have to travel so far, which in turn would
also reduce our costs, and benefit local farmers.
Man: And it would reduce air pollution caused by our vehicle
emissions.
Woman: Good thinking – a great idea, Ben.

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Unit 8 Recording script

Reading and Use of English You will hear a businessman, Mike Townsend, talking
about what he finds difficult about learning a language.
Part 8 Exam task For questions 1–8, complete the sentences with a word or
a short phrase.
1C 2D 3B 4A 5C 6 C 7 D 8 B 9 A 10 B
You now have 45 seconds to look at Part 2.
Part 3 Exam task
1 requirements 2 attendance 3 basic 4 reduction With my trip to Brazil coming up later in the year, I’m doing a
5 ensure 6 productive 7 increasingly 8 antisocial crash course in Portuguese, and I’ve been thinking about what
makes learning a language difficult. You often hear people say:
Spelling “Oh, Japanese, that’s really hard” or “Isn’t Arabic supposed to
be impossible to learn?” I did French at school and found that
verb noun adjective very difficult but since then I’ve had to learn other languages
1 give gift and found them much easier. In the end (1) I don’t think that
2 decide decision decisive / indecisive any language is actually any more difficult to learn than any
other. Essentially, the degree of difficulty depends on differences
3 clarify clarity clear between a learner’s own language and the language they’re
(also clear) learning. (2) And then what is frequently forgotten when
considering this subject is the learner’s motivation.
4 believe belief believable / unbelievable
5 apply application applicable / inapplicable Looking back, I think French was difficult for me because
applicant (3) I had no reason to learn it – it was just another school subject,
whereas since then I’ve had real reasons to learn languages. For
6 lengthen length long
example, I learnt basic Chinese so that I could do business in
7 think thought thoughtful / thoughtless China. It was important for me to show people that I had taken
(also unthinkable) the trouble to learn some of their language. As well as helping
me to understand and talk technical issues and money matters,
8 horrify horror horrific
(4) knowing some Chinese means that I can also socialise with
people I meet. I learnt Spanish at university so I’m hoping I won’t
Grammar find Portuguese too difficult – they’re similar languages.
1 1 which / that / – ; who 2 which / that 3 which 4 which / One of the biggest problems for English learners, of course is the
that; which / that; who / that 5 when 6 which / that; where idea of gender. When I was learning French, I never understood
7 whose 8 whom why tables were feminine – someone told me that in German
2 Sentences 1 and 5 are correct they’re masculine, but now I realise of course that tables
themselves aren’t masculine or feminine – it’s the words that
2 my work number, which you already know? have a gender. And of course pronunciation can be a problem.
3 our office lift is not working, which makes things British people feel embarrassed if they make pronunciation
4 many traditions’ a few of which look like mistakes. I can understand that. (5) Going back to French, I
found the pronunciation of the letter “r” really tricky. And I know
6 nursery school where I gained that the French find the English “th” sound a real problem.
7 the article which / that appeared in your
8 in an environment where speaking

Listening
Part 2 Exam task
1 difficult 2 motivation 3 reason 4 socialise
5 (really) tricky 6 false friends 7 spoken form 8 (quite)
straightforward

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4 Model letter
Then there’s the problem of vocabulary. (6) Languages often have
words that look and sound similar to words in your language but Dear Sir or Madam,
have completely different meanings – so-called false friends. I
remember at school I always made the mistake of thinking the
French word ‘‘librairie’’ meant library in English, but it doesn’t – it I am writing on behalf of the university to let you know that we
means bookshop. And apparently in Portuguese “educado”, are in the process of organising a series of open days to show
which looks like “educated” actually means polite. So that can be prospective students what studying with us would be like. We
a cause of problems and difficulties, too. would be grateful if you could draw this opportunity to the
attention of your final year students.
I know when I’m learning a language, (7) my primary aim
is to master the spoken form, because I want to be able to
communicate with people I meet on my travels. In lots of The open days will take place during the first week of November
languages, the written form is quite different from the language and be organised by the different departments of the university.
people speak and of course not all languages have the same Students interested in finding out about Geography, Physics or
alphabet or scripts. Having to learn a whole new script, such as Engineering should attend on Monday. Our Language, Literature
Arabic, must cause real problems. From this point of view (8) I and History departments will be open on Tuesday, and the
found Russian quite straightforward, but Chinese very difficult. Creative Arts department, including Music, Art and Drama can
be visited on Wednesday. On these days visitors will be able to
Writing talk to staff and students currently studying in these departments.

1 1 as advertised 2 taken every opportunity 3 discuss my Thursday and Friday of the same week will be general
application further 4 gained valuable 5 applying for the information days when students can find out about applying for
post 6 currently unemployed 7 Please find enclosed courses, accommodation and other such matters. There will also
8 taking the time to consider be a number of talks from senior university staff on these days.

3 Suggested answers
As I have indicated in my opening paragraph, our days are
Phrases Suggested intended primarily for students in their final year at secondary
replacements school and intending to apply for university, but younger students
may also visit if they wish.
1 to start with in the first instance
2 got much bigger grown considerably Following their visits students may wish to arrange individual
3 do different jobs fill a variety of meetings with departmental staff or to put in applications for one
positions of our courses.
4 ready to work nights prepared to work night
shifts We look forward to welcoming your students to one of our open
days.
5 we don’t need any no specific skills are
special skills required
Yours faithfully,

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Unit 9 Interviewer: Laura, as a teacher, would you agree with

what Karl says about school science?
Laura: Yes, to an extent, but I believe that in recent
Reading and Use of English years, teachers have made science accessible
to a wider range of students than was the case
Part 5 Exam task in the past. (2) I think Karl is probably referring
to older people, people who were at school in
1C 2A 3B 4D 5A 6C the sixties and seventies.
Vocabulary Interviewer: Is Laura right, Karl? Do the people you work
with tend to be older?
1 time It means having been extinct for a long time
Karl: Yes, in general, but I meet a few people in
2 to get better after an illness their twenties who also seem to have a mental
3 young juvenile can be used as a noun or an adjective block as far as science is concerned.
4 a pool where animals go to drink Interviewer: Could you describe how teaching has
5 meat changed in recent years, Laura?
Laura: Well, firstly, we’ve made the subject less
6 chimpanzees
theoretical. In practice this means we do more
Part 2 Exam task laboratory experiments. And secondly, as far
as possible, the topics we focus on relate to
1 it 2 what 3 because 4 which 5 more / most the real world. So, for example in Biology, we
6 According 7 be 8 as study the effect drugs can have on the body,
and in Physics we compare ways of heating
Listening buildings efficiently.
Interviewer: Karl, how do you react when you hear that
Part 3 Exam task teachers are putting less emphasis on theory?
Karl: (3) I’m all for it. The important thing is that
1C 2D 3A 4B 5C 6A we show students how science is relevant
to their everyday lives. Above all, we want to
avoid putting them off the subject. If they find
Recording script practical science interesting, there is no reason
why they shouldn’t study more theoretical
You will hear an interview in which Karl Mann, a university ideas later, for example by choosing to study
research scientist, and Laura Fern, a secondary school science at university.
science teacher, talk about teaching people science. For Interviewer: Have you noticed any connection between
gender and scientific understanding? I mean
questions 1–6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which
traditionally, science was seen as a boys’
fits best according to what you hear. subject. Is that still the case?
You now have 70 seconds to look at Part 3. Karl: I think that’s still true, yes.
Laura: (4) Sorry, but in my experience, there is
Interviewer: We have two guests in the studio today, generally almost no difference between boys
Karl Mann, a university research scientist and girls. In fact, in some of the classes I’ve
and Laura Fern, a secondary school science taught recently, one or two girls have shown
teacher. Karl, I believe you spend part of your more understanding and insight than boys.
spare time (1) introducing science to people
who know little or nothing about the subject.
Tell us a little about that.
Karl: Well, I believe that there are many people
today who found science difficult when they
were at school and this has had two effects: it
closes their minds to the wonders of science
and it makes them feel stupid. My aim is to
introduce them to a few relatively simple ideas.

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Karl: That’s very good news. We need more girls to

8 we should let them know
take up careers in science. 2 (Suggested answers)
Interviewer: How do you account for this shift, Laura? 2 The neighbours must be having a party.
Laura: I’m not sure. I’d say it’s partly due to the 3 It can’t be my brother. He’s working abroad.
curriculum changes I mentioned earlier, but 4 Someone might be cooking a meal. / Someone might be
there may also be a social explanation. In the
past, girls were not encouraged to consider
stealing my belongings.
careers in science. They are now encouraged 5 It might be Dan. / Dan might be knocking at the door.
to regard themselves as the equals of boys 6 My neighbour must be going to work early this morning.
in all areas – and I think that’s a major reason
why more girls are studying science at
university level.
Interviewer: Can we go back to your work, Karl? What
Writing
exactly do you do with your groups? I mean, 1 1 result in 2 consequently; as a consequence
how do you awaken their interest in something
they’ve already rejected? 3 on account of; owing to: in view of 4 otherwise; or
Karl: The first thing I’d say is that my approach
else 5 owing to; on account of 6 as a consequence;
takes time, there’s no quick fix. But consequently
importantly, unlike in Laura’s situation, 2 A Introduction B The importance of science
(5) nobody forces my students to come to my C Useful classes D Attracting adults
classes.
Laura: So, they are motivated?
3 Model answer
Karl: Exactly. That’s the best possible start.
Secondly, there are no tests or exams for my Science for all
students to fail – that removes some of the As you may know, our council is planning a science fair in the
fear and makes them more open to new ideas. town next year. The purpose of this report is to investigate public
Then, my curriculum consists of practical attitudes to science and make suggestions about the nature of this
case studies which look at the scientific ideas
fair.
behind familiar everyday issues. For example,
my first case study is called “Travelling to Public attitudes
work”. This introduces different fuels used by From a survey of friends and acquaintances of all ages, I have
various forms of transport and looks at the drawn the following conclusion: the vast majority of people
damaging effect the resulting pollution can are interested in many different science subjects. Significantly,
have on the environment and on people’s however, over half these people say they were put off science
health. Another topic is “Healthy eating”, a at school and still find scientific ideas difficult to grasp. This
subject close to everyone’s heart. We analyse
situation worries them, so a science fair would be welcome if it
different foods and look at the effects they
have on our bodies. They find these topics took a different approach from that taken by their teachers.
interesting, but also (6) I believe they develop Components of a science fair
confidence which will allow them to go on to The kind of fair suggested by people would consist of a series
study more theoretical topics. of basic talks by experts from different scientific fields. For
Laura: This sounds very similar to the new school example, an agriculturalist might be invited to talk about
science curriculum I work with, but of course increasing crop production, while a computer scientist might
my students have to take tests and exams! explain how search engines find the information people need.
In addition to this, companies could be asked to participate in
Grammar an exhibition which shows the importance of science to their
business. For example, a food company might be asked to show
1 1 we had to call a breakdown company how they produce low-fat products.
2 we needn’t have hurried Publicity
3 I won’t be able to / can’t To proceed with the plan, the council must be convinced that
people will attend. Television advertising as well as posters need
4 you shouldn’t / mustn’t go to work
to be ready well in advance of the date of the fair, but perhaps
5 he might have got stuck more importantly all forms of publicity should show clearly what
6 you needn’t / don’t have to wear smart clothes aspects of science will be highlighted by the fair.
7 you mustn’t forget

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Unit 10 Recording script

Reading and Use of English You’ll hear five short extracts in which people are
talking about worries and anxiety. Look at Task 1. For
Part 6 Exam task questions 1–5, choose from the list (A–H) the signs of
worry described by each speaker.
1C 2D 3A 4B Now look at Task 2. For questions 6–10, choose from
Part 4 Exam task the list (A–H) the cause of the worry described by each
1 is on good terms 2 seems to have forgotten 3 came as speaker.
no surprise to me 4 to get back to 5 would/’d rather you While you listen you must complete both tasks.
did not / didn’t tell 6 ’m / am looking forward to going You now have 45 seconds to look at Part 4.
Vocabulary
Speaker 1
1 stand 2 done 3 face 4 checking 5 come When I was younger, I worried all the time, about anything
6 put 7 look 8 get and everything. In my mid-twenties especially, I had what I
can only describe as extreme anxiety – mostly to do with my
Grammar job. I’d wake up in the middle of the night shaking – and the
worst of it was that it was never a single worry. It was about
1 1 was not / wasn’t / were not / weren’t 2 hadn’t / had not lots of different things. One worry would lead to another, so,
changed 3 would stop 4 had gone 5 could stop for example, I might start thinking about the wording of an
email I’d sent to my manager and end up thinking I might
6 wasn’t / was not moving 7 were / was 8 could lose my job – and there’d be lots of other related worries in
between. Looking back at that time now, all the worries seem
2 1 I’ve always regretted being an only child. very trivial.
2 I regret changing jobs / having changed jobs last year. Speaker 2
4 I regret not going to university. The thing I worry about more than anything else is money
8 I regret not being able to speak Portuguese. – and if I’m not careful I can become helpless with terror at
the thought of running out of it. But instead of thinking of a
practical solution to the problem, like ways of making more
3 Suggested answers or spending less – I just worry and because I’m not thinking
2 I wish I could find my passport. I need it tomorrow straight, the problem doesn’t go away – you know, even if
morning. I’m busy doing something, it’s there at the back of my mind.
Then suddenly, the answer will come to me and the worry
3 I wish you wouldn’t sing all the time. disappears. Of course, some of the problems are not real at
4 I wish you’d let me know you were coming to stay. all – they’re just imaginary. They’re the worst kind in some
5 I wish you’d asked before you borrowed my computer. ways.
6 I wish I could stop eating chocolate. / I wish I didn’t eat so Speaker 3
much chocolate.
Experience has shown me that there is a definite link between
7 I wish I wasn’t / weren’t (such) an untidy person. / I wish I my being very tired and being worried. It seems that if I’m
wasn’t / weren’t so untidy. / I wish I was / were less untidy. worrying about something it makes me weary. Night is always
/ I wish I was / were a tidier person. the worst time. I often lie awake for hours worrying before
I manage to get to sleep – then in the morning, whatever
Listening the worry was doesn’t seem so bad. As I’ve got older, I’ve
realised that something that seems really serious at the time
1 shy 2 trustworthy / honest 3 naïve 4 sociable means nothing after a few months or years. People tell me I
worry most about situations or problems I’m powerless to do
5 courageous / brave 6 sensitive 7 modest anything about – they’re probably right. And I always imagine
8 optimistic the worst that can happen.
Part 4 Exam task
1H 2E 3C 4F 5B [Not needed: A,D,G]
6 G 7 B 8 D 9 E 10 C [Not needed: A, F, H]

ANSWER KEY 61

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Speaker 4
I was permanently stressed and always worrying about what
lay ahead. This made me unable to make up my mind about
things in case I made mistakes. My whole life was chaotic and
I just couldn’t figure out how to deal with all the uncertainty.
I had a family that depended on me and I had rent and other
things to pay. All the stress affected my life at home, my
personal relationships and it made me ill. Eventually I realised
that I was in a spiral of anxiety, constantly worrying about
the unknown. But over the last few years, I’ve started feeling
better - I think because I’ve understood how to accept the
chaos and live with it.

Speaker 5
For as long as I’ve known Julie, she’s been in an almost
permanent state of anxiety. Even when she was very young,
she worried about being ill. So, for instance, she was sure she
was going to get a mystery illness which doctors wouldn’t
recognise. She worried so much that she lost her appetite.
Then, in her early teenage years, she started having panic
attacks at night – she’d wake up out of breath. This was
treated successfully and for a few years everything was fine,
then when she left home to go to college, the attacks started
again. She’s now taking tablets but still feels nervous and
tense for much of the time.

Writing
1 2 wherever they’re playing.
3 all the same / even so we were determined to go.
4 yet he did very well in the end of term test.
5 whichever route you decide to take.
6 even so / yet / all the same he couldn’t afford to buy a
house in this part of the city.

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978-1-107-41790-8 — Compact Advanced Workbook with Answers with Audio
Simon Haines
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Notes

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978-1-107-41790-8 — Compact Advanced Workbook with Answers with Audio
Simon Haines
More Information

Acknowledgements
Development of this publication has made use of the Cambridge www.marathonguide.com; p. 24 adapted from ‘Who owns the
English Corpus (CEC). The CEC is a computer database of networked future of reading?’ (Mc Cafferty, H), 23/08/2013, The
contemporary spoken and written English, which currently Guardian © Guardian News & Media Ltd 2013; p. 25, adapted
stands at over one billion words. It includes British English, from ‘Why and how important is Classical music in our modern
American English and other varieties of English. It also includes way of life’ with permission from the Gramophone forum; p. 26
the Cambridge Learner Corpus, developed in collaboration with adapted from ‘Why I love Picasso’ (McCafferty, H) 20/09/2012,
Cambridge English Language Assessment. Cambridge University Swide Magazine, www.swide.com with permission; p. 26 adapted
Press has built up the CEC to provide evidence about language use from ‘René Magritte: enigmatic master of the impossible dream’
that helps to produce better language teaching materials. (Carter, I) 19/06/2011, The Guardian, © Guardian News &
Media Ltd 2011; p. 28 adapted from ‘Seven quick ways to green
This product is informed by the English Vocabulary Profile, built fashion’ 19/08/2012, CarbonOn.Me; p. 28 from ‘How eco-friendly
as part of English Profile, a collaborative programme designed is your clothing’ (Phelps, P) 28/08/2013, with permission from
to enhance the learning, teaching and assessment of English Paula Phelps; p. 32 adapted from ‘Graduate jobs advice from the
worldwide. Its main funding partners are Cambridge University experts’ (Response 28 to article), 17/07/2011, The Guardian, ©
Press and Cambridge English Language Assessment and its Guardian News & Media Ltd 2011; p. 36 ‘Skull of Homo erectus
aim is to create a ‘profile’ for English linked to the Common throws story of human evolution into disarray’ 17/10/2013, The
European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEF). English Guardian, © Guardian News & Media Ltd 2013; p. 37 from
Profile outcomes, such as the English Vocabulary Profile, will ‘Watch this childlike humanoid robot begin to comprehend
provide detailed information about the language that learners can language,’ by Rebecca Boyle, copyright 2013. Reprinted with
be expected to demonstrate at each CEF level, offering a clear permission; p. 40 (Text C), ‘Making Habits, Breaking Habits: Why
benchmark for learners’ proficiency. For more information, please We Do Things, Why We Don’t, and How to Make Any Change
visit www.englishprofile.org Stick’ with kind permission from Psych Central.
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of Photos
copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted.
Thanks to the following for permission to reproduce copyright
While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible
photographs:
to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all
copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we p. 4 Christopher/Alamy; p. 5 Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy; p. 6
will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on Rosemary Roberts/Alamy; p. 9 Stanislav Fosenbauer/Shutterstock.
reprinting. com; p. 10 Hemis /Alamy; p. 11 EPA European Pressphoto
Agency b.v./Alamy; p. 12 Makenboluo/Shutterstock.com; p.
The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the
16 Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com; p. 18 Garo/
URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct
Phanie/ SuperStock; p. 19 Stock Connection/SuperStock; p. 20
and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher
Patrick Ward/Alamy; p. 24 Racorn/Shutterstock; p. 25 Ferenc
has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee
Szelepcsenyi/Shutterstock; p. 26 Peter Horree/Alamy; p. 28 Caro/
that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain
Alamy; p. 30 Petr Kopka/Shutterstock; p. 33 Time & Life Pictures/
appropriate.
Getty Images; p. 34 Moodboard/Alamy; p. 36 AFP/Getty Images;
Text p. 37 AllOver images/Alamy; p. 38 Vladgrin/Shutterstock.com.
p. 4 adapted from ‘The rise of citizen journalism’ (Burke, Picture research and text permissions: Sarah Deakin
J) 03/10/2006, World Association of Newspapers and News
Publishers with permission; p. 5 adapted from ‘New law to Illustrations: Mark Duffin: pp. 15, 40; Nick Duffy: pp. 22, 42
protect children from paparazzi’ 26/09/2013, Sky News with
permission; p. 8 adapted from ‘The Purpose of Travel’ (Basho), Recordings by Leon Chambers at The Soundhouse Ltd
Basho – outsidecontext.com with permission; p. 10 adapted from
Editor: Judith Greet
‘Kirsty’s Travel Blog: My first solo trip’, World Nomads.com;
p .12 adapted from ‘The impact of social media on children, Project Manager: Jane Coates
adolescents and families’ (Schurgin O’Keeffe, G and Clarke-
Pearson, K), reproduced with permission from PEDIATRICS
Vol. 127 No. 4 April 1, 2011 pp. 800–804 Copyright 2011 by The
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP); p. 16 adapted from:
‘Money weakens ability to savour life’s little pleasures’ (Yong,
E), 25/05/2010, Discover Magazine, with permission from Ed
Yong; p. 20 (Text A), adapted from ‘My first marathon’ NHS
Choices; p. 20 (Texts B, C, D, E), adapted from ‘First Marathons’
(Funderburke, D, Coelho, J, ShewThengChang; Bass, W)

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