Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Smart and Efficient Irrigation Management System

Dr. Dolly Sharma, Abhishek Bhati, Priyanshu Yadav ,Rahul Bisht, Ritik Tyagi
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
ABESIT College Of Engineering, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract:- The ongoing requirement to monitor over- role in deciding the future of these crops as well as the
irrigation is one of the many issues that farmers farmer’s every year. The overutilization of water in past
encounter in their regular farming tasks. The farmer years can be stopped by using rainwater also known as
needs frequent travel.The distance to their crops and rainwater harvesting[11]. Many cases are heard by the
irrigation pumps was several kilometers. Therefore, a farmers on the ground reporting that motors or pumps are
farmer spends a significant amount of time and effort theft, but if we apply some modern knowledge of sensors we
each day irrigating the field when this time may be can sense the motion across the system and the sensor
better spent on other farms, such as animal husbandry, activates a buzzer so that stealing can be avoided[8]. All
which requires much more constant monitoring and these functions need fuel to operate such as petrol and diesel
care.In this paper, a project is put out that involves which causes a lot of pollution to our environment and also
developing a system to fully automate irrigation so that these resources are conventional/non-renewable, to
little to no human involvement is needed. The aim is to overcome such problems we can use sunlight as the ultimate
install a wireless sensor network in the field that will source of energy[9]. Through the proposed system the
gather information about soil moisture and send farmer will not have to worry about monitoring the field as
instructions to activate the water pump if the level falls irrigation happens automatically as and when required. To
below a predetermined threshold. set up the network to do the job a wireless sensor network
will be used. The communication is established by the
Keywords:- Smart irrigation; solar power; moisture sensor; system across the field and various nodes[1]. Solar energy is
energy crisis. the main source of energy in this network and to prevent
theft antitheft alarm was also set up across the system[9].
I. INTRODUCTION
Here are some of the potential applications of the
As we know that irrigation is a very important element proposed solar-powered irrigation system:
of farming practice all over the world, now talking about
 Minimizes water waste and improves plant growth and the
India is anagriculture-based country nearly 70% of the
circuit is designed to paint automatically therefore, there's
people are dependent on agriculture, and about three fourth
no want for terribly much less human intervention.
of the cultivated land is used for food production. India is
 The equal system or in standard the identical idea may be
the second largest producer of wheat and rice in the world
used in conjunction with sensors of temperature (DHT11
such crops use a vast amount of water for irrigation in a
or LM35), solar exposure, pH cost, and mineral content
particular soil type. Many times farmers must travel great
material of the soil within the discipline for example in
distances to reach their field daily through dangerous paths,
fertilizer spraying for flora: using sensors which degree
sometimes the weather condition is extremely odd and
the range of different minerals within the soils will
farmers still go just to ON the pump. In case of adverse
suggest that are poor inthesoilsuchasmagnesium.
weather conditions such as extreme heat which affects the
field, In such cases, improper watering may destroy the crop  It can be implemented in the process of spraying
which is a major loss to the farmer in the monsoon or winter pesticides.
season irrigating on consecutive days may not be necessary  Remote farming areas: In remote areas where access to
and the farmer just have to check the soil floor. Traveling to the farm is difficult or the farmer is unable to visit the
the field for inspection of the soil (moisture or floor) or just farm frequently due to various reasons, the automatic
turning the pump ON consumes a lot of time for the farmer. irrigation system can be highly beneficial. The system can
To overcome these problems farmers used to learn new monitor the soil moisture levels and irrigate the crops
agriculture techniques. Larger crops field across the area are accordingly, reducing the need for constant human
uneven, due to improper inspection and understanding of the intervention.[10]
water necessary for irrigation affects the crop yield with  Water conservation: With the increasing demand for water
unequal production from different parts[10]. This paper resources and the need for sustainable farming practices,
aims to present a system that can relieve the farmer from an automatic irrigation system can help in conserving
continuous inspection of the field which reduces the human water. The system can accurately measure the moisture
involvement in irrigation. This also helps the farmer by levels in the soil and irrigate the crops accordingly,
ensuring good quality crop yield. Precise sensing technology preventing the wastage of water.
can be used to accurately monitor and manage water usage,  Improved crop yield: By providing the right amount of
helping to prevent wastage and conserve this precious water to the crops at the right time, an automatic irrigation
resource. This can be particularly important in areas where system can improve the quality and quantity of the crop
water scarcity is a growing concern, such as India. Thus yield. This can lead to higher profits for the farmer and
maintaining the proper amount of water level in the soil is contribute to food security.
the requirement to harvest a good crop. Rain plays a key

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 Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
II. LITERATURE SURVEYAND BACKGROUND and adjust irrigation accordingly. This help to optimize
STUDY water usage, reduce waste and improve crop yields. Overall,
the use of solar-powered smart irrigation techniques is an
The use of solar-powered smart irrigation techniques is effective solution for farmers in India, helping to address the
a viable solution for farmers in India, especially in the energy crisis and promote sustainable agriculture
agricultural sector where electricity consumption is high. practices.[7]
There are a large number of agricultural pump sets in India,
and with the increasing demand for new connections, the The report describes an automatic irrigation system
energy crisis is a growing concern. The use of solar- that utilizes a soil moisture sensor to monitor the water level
powered irrigation systems can help address this issue, as in the root zone of plants. The sensor data is transmitted to a
they provide a reliable and sustainable source of energy for web application through a cellular internet interface,
farmers. These systems use solar panels to capture energy allowing farmers to remotely monitor the moisture level of
from the sun, which is then used to power irrigation pumps their crops and program irrigation schedules[10]. The
and other agricultural equipment. With the help of this system is powered by a solar panel, making it energy
farmers reduce their reliance on grid electricity by using autonomous and cost-effective[9].The automatic irrigation
solar power, which can be costly and unreliable in some system allows farmers to remotely monitor and control the
areas. In addition to being more sustainable and cost- irrigation process without physically being present in the
effective, solar-powered irrigation systems also be more field. The system automatically turns off the motor when the
efficient than traditional systems. Smart irrigation water level reaches the required level, preventing the
techniques are incorporated into these systems, using wastage of water.[3]
sensors and other technology to monitor soil moisture levels

Fig. 1: Total water Used annually(Unit of water is billion cubic meters)[Image from livemint.com]

Fig. 2: Water used in irrigation in past years[Image from livemint.com]

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig. 3: Daily mean soil temperature (a: traditional; b: automated), daily mean soil moisture (c: traditional; d: automated), and
accumulated water irrigation volumes (dotted line: traditional; solid line: automated) over the entire sage cropping season.[13]

Fig. 4: Solar radiation along the experiment of the charge-discharge cycle of a wireless sensor unit (WSU).[13]

Fig. 5: Circuit Diagram of Complete System

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
III. THE PROPOSED SOLUTION which an easy valve mechanism controls the waft of water
into the field. This saves a substantial amount of energy and
In this proposed system we make use of solar strength makes efficient use of renewable energy. A valve is
from solar panels to routinely pump water from the bore controlled using an intelligent algorithm that regulates the
nicely at once into a floor-degree ground tanker lying on the flow of water into the field depending on the moisture
intensity of sunlight. This solar panel is a dual-axis solar requirement of the land. In this gadget, we use a soil
tracking system which is the upgraded version of basic moisture sensor that detects the amount of moisture gift in
previous solar tracking systems. While conventional the soil and relying upon the requirement of level of
methods include pumping water from a bore well into a well moisture content required for the crop the water flow is
and from this well onto the field using another pump, our regulated thus, conserving the water by avoiding the over-
system uses only a single-stage strength consumption in flooding of crops.
which the water is pumped into a ground-level tank from

Fig. 6: Constructed Prototype

Fig. 7: Arduino Module and GSM 900 Module

 Here Arduino module helps in connecting all the pieces of  GSM 900 module helps in communication for alerting the
equipment of the system with each other. farmer about the moisture level, whether water pump is
ON/OFF and also about the theft if happen to the water
pump.

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig. 8: LCD

 The LCD helps in displaying the details.

Fig. 9: Double-Axis Solar Tracking Panel

 This solar panel helps in receiving maximum sunlight from the sun as compared to the previous solar panels.This helps in
increasing the production of solar energy.

Fig. 10: Micro Submersible water pump

 The water pump helps in providing the water requirement in the field.

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig. 11: Soil Moisture Sensor

 The moisture sensor provides the moisture level of soil to the farmer.

Fig. 12: Piezo Electric Buzzer Alarm

 This 5v electric buzzer helps in alerting the farmer about the theft of a water pump from the field.

A. System description
The proposed irrigation device particularly includes module solar panel modules and an automated irrigation module. within
the solar panel module, a solar panel of the desired specification is hooked up near the pump set.

Fig. 13: Block diagram of solar pumping module.

B. Solar-Powered Smart Irrigation System given to a sensing circuit that has a reference voltage that
In this, the control circuit is used to charge a battery. The can be adjusted by the farmer for setting different moisture
battery uses a converter circuit, it gives power to the water levels for different crops. The amount of water needed for
pump which is submerged inside the well. Then the water is soil is proportional to the difference between these two
pumped into an overhead tank for storing water quickly voltages. A control signal was given to a stepper motor
earlier than liberating the water into the sector. within the whose rotational angle is proportional to the difference in
automated irrigation module, the water outlet valve of the voltage. The stepper motor in turn controls the cross-
tank is electronically managed with the aid of a soil sectional area of the valve to be opened controlling the flow
moisture sensing circuit. The sensor is placed in the field of water. Therefore the amount of water flow is proportional
where the crop is being cultivated. The sensor converts the to the moisture difference.
moisture content in the soil into equivalent voltage. This is

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig. 14: Block diagram of automatic irrigation module

IV. METHODOLOGY  Whilst the desired level of moisture is finished by way of

the field, every other message is sent to the sink node to
The proposed system is to setup a smart network over prevent water delivery.
the entire field including the source of water and the  In this manner, the entire field is swept once and thegoes
pumping. The device will make sure of two conditions, to Sleep Mode, hence by doing this,power savingisalso
while the moisture content of the sector is below a threshold achieved.
it's going to command the motor pump to turn on the pump  There is a rainwater harvesting mechanism also there to
to water to that unique part of the sector. Second, when the preserve rainwater so that preserved water will be used
desired moisture is reached, every other command could be later for irrigation purposes.
sent to show off the pump and consequently slice the water
 There is also an anti-theft alarm for the protection of
source to the sector. The system will also be able to do this
water pumps as in rural areas there are cases of theft of
because of the following functionalities:
water pumps of farmers from their fields.
 In the beginning the water level values will be sent to the
farmer with the help of the GSM module and after that,
the irrigation process is started if the water level is below
a threshold value.
 While the water is being supplied, the sensor node ofthat
particular part of the area waits for a certain period of
time, then maintains to test the moisture of the identical
element again as a move-check earlier than shifting
directly to the next.

A. Components Used

Table 1: Components Used

COMPONENT SPECIFICATIONS
Water Pump 9 V / 130 ~ 220mA
Arduino Uno Rev3 5 V / 16 MHz
Solar Panel 12 V / 1W
Servo MotorMG90S 5V
Ultrasonic Sensor 5 V / 5.3 mA
Moisture Sensor 5V
GSM 900 5 V / 890 - 915 MHz (UP) /935 - 960 MHz (Down)
Track Ball 5V
Piezo Electric Buzzer 5 V /95 dB /3900±500Hz
LDR Sensor 5V

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
B. Software Used

 Arduino IDE 2.0.4

Fig. 15: Arduino code of moisture sensor, water pump, and electric buzzer

Fig. 16: Arduino Code of Solar panel using LDR sensor

V. RESULT level is above the threshold. This means that water is being
conserved, and wastage is minimized. The fact that the GSM
In this, we can see that the prototype of the irrigation module can switch to Deep-sleep mode after circuiting the
management system function automatically without entire field once, thereby conserving power, is also
requiring much human intervention. The fact that the system commendable. Overall, this is a promising development in
starts functioning as soon as power is supplied, and each the field of agriculture and could help improve crop yield
moisture sensor can measure the moisture level and and reduce water wastage. Optimizing water use minimizes
sequentially send it to the GSM module is a positive stress on water sources, reduces the risk of water scarcity
development. It is also encouraging to note that the system and promotes ecological balance. Additionally, the use of
can skip watering certain parts of the field if the moisture precise irrigation methods minimizes the runoff and release

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
of fertilizers and chemicals into the environment, promoting Amity University (Lucknow Campus), India2 UG
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