National Level

Seminar On
India Means Business – Reform
Perform & Transform

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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE – BPS & RM

SRI RAMAKRISHNA COLLEGE OF ARTS SCIENCE OF ARTS & SCIENCE (Autonomous)
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5 JANUARY 2023
First Edition: 2023
ISBN NO: 978-93-5780-330-4

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EDITORIAL BOARD
Ms. K.M. Anitha
Assistant Professor of B Com – BPS
Ms. P. Valarmathi
Assistant Professor of B Com – BPS
Mr. J. Deepak Kumar
Assistant Professor of B Com – BPS
Dr R. Srikala
Assistant Professor of B Com – BPS
Ms. S.G. Sasmitha
Assistant Professor of B Com – BPS
Ms. J. Darshini
III B Com – BPS
Ms. R. Varsha
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STUDENT COORDINATORS

Mr. S. Lalith Kumar

III B Com – BPS
Mr. S. Gokula Krishnan
III B Com – BPS
Mr. S. Gowtham
III B Com – BPS
Ms. S.A. Kamali
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Ms. R. Nithya
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Mr. M. Siva Prakasam
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Mr. D. Rishitharan
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Mr. R. Sathish
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Ms. N. Sudharshana
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Ms. M. Swathi
II B Com – BPS
20 Artificial Intelligence in Rural Development 131
Dr.K.Vishnupriya
21 Marketing Innovations in Business 139
M. shanmugapriya, S. Bhagya Lakshmi
22 Significance of Innovation in Business Process of 144
Value Chain
Ms.P.Valarmathi, Mr.S.Gowtham
23 The Implication of the Urugury Round Agreements: 153
Impact on Agriculture for developing Countries
Ms.R.Kanchana

CHAPTER – 3 - INDIA MEANS BUSINESS – TRANSFORM

S.NO TITLE PG.NO

24 Innovation in Business 159
Ms. G. Abiraami
25 Next Generation Enterprise Cloud Platform using 164
ANT Colony Framework
Mr. S. Jagadesh Kumar
26 Innovation in Business – Pros & Cons 171
Dr S. Hema Prasanna, Ms. G.P. TharaniSwetha, Ms.
R. Nnadhini
27 A Study of Economic Development in India 176
Ms. M. Jayanthi
28 India means Business – Reform,Transform,Perform 181
Ms. J. Tarani
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Author: Dr. K. Vishnupriya, Associate Professor, Department of Management, KG College
of Arts and Science, Coimbatore,
Email id : [email protected], Mobile No: 9047804747

Abstract integration, digital and digital technology.. This

paper additionally offers the techniques to
Besides the three classical manufacturing elements
assemble precision agriculture in India, introduces
land, labor and capital, the thing "information and
some researches and conducting instances to
knowledge" turns into extra and extra important.
exhibit the progresses in India. Artificial
As the end result of statistics science utility in
Intelligence in Agriculture. Especially for the
agriculture, precision agriculture is a viable
Artificial Intelligence, this context displays a range
strategy for sustainable agriculture Since the
of high-potential applied sciences to be applied, as
quantity of arable land in international locations is
the agricultural and environmental domains supply
shrinking we have to pay attention on the higher
a step by step developing pool of publicly on hand
employment of know-how and technology. This
knowledge, which is financed and maintained from
paper offers a fundamental precis of precision
governmental organizations. Innovative AI applied
agriculture for India and a quick introduction of the
sciences can considerably make a contribution to
exercise in India. By summarizing the researches
organize, connect, and similarly strengthen this
and conceiving on precision agriculture, this paper
information in order to higher provide the
explains the generality of precision agriculture
collective demand for food.
with Artificial Intelligent Systems for which it
ambitions to furnish the reference and gist for these Keywords— precision agriculture; practice;
who are fascinated in. The generality consists of theory; technology, composition, automation,
concept, composition, classification, methodology controllers, computer vision, agriculture
and the technological know-how structures of
Introduction
Artificial Intelligence with agriculture. Artificial
Intelligence precision agriculture applied sciences Precision Agriculture (PA) or satellite tv for pc

are viewed as three parts: the fundamentals, the farming or web page precise crop administration

engineering and the supporting. The fundamentals (SSCM) is a farming administration thinking
are composed of index gadget for precision invest, primarily based on observing, measuring and
science responding to inter and intra-field variability in
crops. Crop variability generally has each a spatial
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and temporal aspect which makes stipulations such as soil/landscape characteristics,

statistical/computational remedies pretty involved. pest presence and microclimate. Unlike typical

The holy grail of precision agriculture lookup will crop management, which assumes uniform subject

be the capacity to outline a Decision Support prerequisites and recommends common enter

System (DSS) for complete farm administration software rates, it is an statistics intensive approach.

with the aim of optimizing returns on inputs whilst A greater holistic agricultural approach, PA makes

maintaining resources. The actuality nowadays is use of facts technological know-how to deliver

that apparently easy ideas such the capacity to information from a couple of sources to endure on

outline administration zones, areas the place choices related with agricultural production,

specific administration practices will apply, for a logistics, marketing, finance, and personnel.

single crop kind on a single subject over time are However, in view of exceptional scenario from
hard to outline these consist of hand drawn western countries, in China the components of PA
polygons on yield maps, supervised and that Precision Agriculture is the modern-day
unsupervised classification methods on satellite tv agricultural administration manner geared up with
for pc or aerial imagery, identification of yield digitalize techniques, ITs, wise methods and VRT.
steadiness patterns throughout seasons, etc. Here agriculture consists of cropping, forest, fruit,
Among these many strategies is a husbandry, fishery, and so on. It targets for
phytogeomorphological strategy which ties multi- sustainable agriculture improvement by using
year crop growth stability/characteristics to optimize make investments of materials,lowest
topological terrain attributes. The interest in the consumption of herbal resource, negative
phytogeomorphological strategy stems from the surroundings air pollution and excessive
truth that the geomorphology issue normally exceptional and production.
dictates the hydrology of the farm field. Multi-year
I. Automation
datasets are now turning into accessible that
In semi-professional literature, automation inwater
exhibit this balance and these consequences
administration are regarded as one entity. For the
however, there is a lot of work ultimate to create
sake of accuracy it has to be clarified that this is no
an proper DSS device that could universally assist
longer accurate. Automation can be applied
farmers. PA is based totally on the improvement
independently from every other. Actually,
and use of new applied sciences which includes
new computerized gear and data administration the mixture of each amplifies the contribution of
structures for extra superb crop manufacturing and every technological know-how to water use
environmental protection. It goals inputs and efficiency. The improvement of automation in
administration practices to variable area irrigation commenced in the mid-fifties of the

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twentieth century and received momentum in the •Shutdown of water waft after the software of a

sixties. preset amount. Valve opening is accomplished

manually.
Automation in irrigation is labelled in two
categories: •Time-based computerized opening and shutdown
of the water.
1. Automation on time groundwork – the usage of
timers for opening and shutdown of valves. •Opening via timer, automated shutdown after a
preset water quantity had been delivered.As above
2. Automation on volumetric groundwork –
plus comments and recording of the delivered
automated shutdown of the valves after a preset
water amount.
extent of water had been delivered. The automation
of irrigation promoted greater degrees of •Combined irrigation and fertilization (fertigation),

sophistication as properly as complete offerings with or except recording of the utilized water and

past automation, like water provide and irrigation fertilizer amounts.• Sequential activation of valves

community design, water budgeting, scheduling of in the plot.

irrigation timetables, actual time working systems. •Irrigation Control adjusted in real-time by means
Beyond agricultural irrigation, automation are of data about temperature, wind, rain, soil
drastically used in water furnish networks, moisture, water pressure, etc., acquired from
panorama irrigation, municipal household sensors.
consumption and monitoring. water allocation.
•Control of water sources in correspondence with
Automation can be categorised in accordance to
water demand with the aid of consumers.•
the extent of water software control.
Integrated manage of water sources and irrigation
•Point automation: an automated gadget installed systems.
at once on one valve, controlling completely this
•Integrated scheduling and manage of irrigation
valve with no relevance to different valves or
systems. Automation structures facilitate full
systems.
exploitation of the workable of automation
• Local automation: Several valves in a plot
Ectronic set up for precision farming
managed and coordinated with the aid of one unit.
Controller
•Central automation: Local automation gadgets
The early automation units have been composed of
that are linked to and managed via a central unit.
mechanical equipment interfaces that had been
Automation can be applied in numerous degrees of
established on normal drift meters or clocks that
sophistication.
have been transformed to timers that managed the

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automated valves, hydraulically or electrically. price is measured by way of counting the pulses of

The hydraulic valves stopped water waft with the the fertilizer pump or via committed small waft

aid of ability of a piston or a bendy membrane meters. The facts is despatched to the controller

movement, activated via alerts of the inherent that regulates the ratio between the irrigation water

hydraulic strain of the water in the irrigation and the fertilizer solution. In intensive agriculture

system. The electric powered valves had been in greenhouses, nurseries and indifferent beds, the

opened and closed by using electric powered ratio of water – vitamins and the ratio between the

indicators despatched to solenoids. The distinctive vitamins are adjusted in accordance to

incorporation of ICT improved the sophistication remarks from sensors that measure the EC and pH

of automation and decreased the operative costs. degrees in the drainage water.In fairly state-of-the-

Programmed controllers of the first technology art greenhouses, the fertigation manipulate is

have been cumbersome and complex. embedded in a complete manage device of the

Programming was once completed manually via environmental parameters like temperature, light,

transferring mechanical switches and required aeration, relative humidity, etc. internal the

qualified expert programmers. Gradually, greenhouse. Future improvement appears to

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) and department in two paths: Higher sophisticate

popular industrial microcomputers changed the comprehensiveness in the greenhouses sector.

first era of controllers, facilitating the use of “off Fertigation Technique

the shelf” software program for the administration
Wide scale dissemination and growth in open
of irrigation. One central unit can in modern times
subject agriculture, relying on soil and crop
manage lots of neighborhood satellite tv for pc
nutrient stage measurements.
discipline units.
• The device deviations from the common vary
. Fertigation Control
ship alert indicators to the operator and/or droop
In superior irrigated agriculture, fertilizers are the water utility till the correction of the
utilized with irrigation water with the aid of malfunction. Common identifiable gadget screw
fertigation technology. Precise dosing of the ups that motive water losses and decreases

fertilizers in a pre-defined ratio to the irrigation waterdistribution uniformity are pipe breakage; a

water is carried out by means of more than a few couple of emitters' clogging and stress fluctuations.

kinds of fertilizer injectors that are synchronized • Automation has a unique contribution to
with the utilized water quantity through filtration of irrigation water. In water contaminated
controllers. Water glide price is measured by way via sand, clay and natural debris; arrays of
of flow/water meter and the fertilizer answer float automated centrifugal or media filters are flushed

134
automatically. Timing of flushing is decided on B. Local Decision-Making

time foundation or via preset allowed stress

The nearby decision-making is based totally on a
distinction between the inlet and the outlet of the
plants country and its description determines the
filter. The computerized flushing of the filtration
viable movements of an ePlant, like the request for
structures prevents stress and waft fluctuations in
a resource. For energy-efficiency and strength
the irrigated plots, due to filters clogging.
consumption considerations, the sensor nodes are
• Controllers operation requires power sources. reporting facts as soon as per 5 mins. The facts
These might also be the inherent hydraulic strain gathered by way of the sensor nodes is gathered via
of the irrigation gadget or electrical energy from the internet hosting node, for neighbourhood
AC community or declining fees and growing processing and logging. Interaction then is feasible
reliability of that technology. between the internet hosting node and different
gadgets for managing the delivery. Heat stress can
III Rules For Decision-Making
take place independently of water stress when the
This class refers to the expertise that helps the ambient environmental temperature receives very
decision-making process. This understanding is excessive and plant transpiration can't preserveleaf
represented as a set of rules, which are used for a cooling. Therefore, if the plant has sufficient water
range of decisions. We point out under some of (determined by using the SM probe)however the
them plant temperature is excessive this ability that it is

Sensors. heat-stressed and requires misting to cool it.

A plan precept of our strategy is to summary the However, if the temperature is excessive and the

gadget from the actual sensors that we are using. moisture content material low, then pot irrigation

Specifically, if we count on that a sensor is required. The CF and AL parameters are used to

measuring the temperature gives to the gadget a decide photo-oxidative stress and regulate

price inside a unique range, we can use any supplementary light

reachable sensor and with a set of policies we can Iv Prototype Setup And Evaluation
calculate the price that the gadget acknowledges
from the sensors outputs. The prototype setup consists of an array of a

A. Diagnosis of the plant state hundred flora positioned in a glasshouse,organized

There is a want for a set of policies that will in an array of 20 via 5. The setup consists of 4

take into account each plant and exclusive zones: Left-Edge (LE), Right- Edge

environmental parameters and the description (RE), Left-Centre (LC), Right-Centre (RC) and

of a plant to diagnose a plants state. additionally one quarter unique for

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misting, which coincides with the RC Certainty enhance crop cultivation with the aid of monitoring

elements may additionally practice each to and reporting on the popularity of the area are

information and to rules, or ather to the mentioned by using Burrell et al. (2004) and Zhang

conclusion(s) of rules. Conditions for regulations et al. (2004). These strategies supply decision-

are shaped by way of the logical „and‟ and „or‟ of support to the person who responds by means of

a range of facts. The sure bet elements related with supplying the required treatment. This is in

every situation are blended to produce a simple distinction to our plant-driven allotted

task aspect for the entire condition. For two administration gadget that imposes a proactive-

stipulations P1 and P2, it holds that: CF(P1 and P2) computing mannequin for the crop therapy In the

= min(CF(P1), CF(P2)) and CF(P1 or P2) biology, botany, natural computing and

=max(CF(P1), CF(P2)). The blended CF of the bioinformatics domains, there are things to do on

circumstance is then increased by using the CF of constructing ontologies that partly tackle concepts

the rule to get the CF of the conclusion. of PLANTS (The Plant Ontology Consortium,

Fig3:-Low Cost Fertigation TechniqueOn the http://www. plantontology.org; Sequence

agronomic section of the experiment, the Ontology, These things to do intention to boost and

instrumentation of the apple area with the wi-fi share structured managed vocabularies for plant-

sensor community and the plant-driven irrigation specific information domains like plant anatomy,

leads to a amazing discount in water consumption temporal stages, genes and organic sequences.

(16–20%) with appreciate to common agricultural VI Conclusion And Future Work

practices involving user-defined timed irrigation
We have been concerned with a side of precision
primarily based on regulations of thumb. The latter
agriculture that concentrates on plant-driven crop
used to be utilized in a parallel setup for the
management. By monitoring soil, crop and local
identical developing duration (early improvement
weather in a area and offering a decision-support
stage) of the crop. The deployment of clever water
system, it is feasible to supply treatments, such as
administration on a massive farming scale is
irrigation, fertilizer and pesticide application, for
extraordinarily important, given the irrigation
precise components of a discipline in actual time
desires of the agricultural zone (irrigation makes
and proactively. In this context, we have
use of up to 80.0% of complete water in some
introduced in this paper an ontology-driven decide
regions) and the lowering availability of water for
precisely big thresholds of plant-based parameters
irrigation
and for extracting new know-how and extending
V Related Work the PLANTS ontology. By imparting clever

Attempts to use environmental sensor networks to decision- making, we have been exploring

136
methods of incorporating learning capabilities in based on guidelines of thumb. The latter used to be

the system. Machine-learning algorithms(Mitchell, utilized in a parallel setup for the identical

1996) can be used for inducing new policies by developing duration (early improvement stage) of

means of inspecting logged statistics units to the crop. The deployment of clever water

decide precisely giant thresholds of plant- based administration on a massive farming scale is

parameters and for extracting new information and extraordinarily important, given the irrigation

extending the PLANTS ontology. By supplying wants of the agricultural region (irrigation makes

intelligent decision-making, we can change the use of up to 80.0% of complete water in some

typical, explicitly coded movements to conditions regions) and the lowering availability of water for

and (which can solely prescribe a constant set of irrigation.

predicates) with a multi-level and extra expertise - V Related Work

intensive decision-makingframework coupled with
Attempts to use environmental sensor networks to
reasoning underneath uncertainty and machine-
enhance crop cultivation through monitoring and
learning techniques. Both supervised
reporting on the repute of the discipline are
(experimentation-driven or user- mediation) and
mentioned through Burrell et al. (2004) and Zhang
non- supervised studying algorithms are wished for
et al. (2004). These methods grant decision-
realizing the self- regulation properties of the
support to the consumer who responds through
gadget that goes past the regular difference of
offering the required treatment. This is in
closed vs. open adaptive structures
distinction to our plant-driven allotted
Acknowledgement Part of the lookup described
administration machine that imposes a proactive-
inthis paper was once carried out in the PLANTS
computing mannequin for the crop remedy In the
undertaking (IIITM-k Kerala); the authors thank
biology, botany, natural computing and
their fellow researchers in the PLANTS
bioinformatics domains, there are things to do on
consortium for their enter and help and the
constructing ontologies that partly tackle concepts
nameless reviewers for their guidelines for
of PLANTS (The Plant Ontology Consortium,
enhancing this paper to at its full extent. Fig3:-Low
http://www. plantontology.org; Sequence
Cost Fertigation TechniqueOn the agronomic
Ontology, These things to do goal to strengthen
phase of the experiment, the instrumentation of the
and share structured managed vocabularies for
apple discipline with the wi-fi sensor community
plant-specific expertise domains like plant
and the plant-driven irrigation leads to a
anatomy, temporal stages, genes and organic
remarkable discount in water consumption (16–
sequences.
20%) with admire to standard agricultural practices
involving user-defined timed irrigation primarily

137
VI Reference

Bellis, S.J., Delaney, K., O‟Flynn, B., Barton, J.,

Razeeb, K.M. and O‟Mathuna, C. (2005)
„Development of field programmable modular
wireless sensor network nodes for ambient
systems‟, Computer Communications – Special
Issue on Wireless Sensor Networks and
Applications, Vol. 28, No. 13, pp.1531–1544.

Burrell, J., Brooke, T. and Beckwith, R. (2004)

„Vineyard computing: sensor networks in
agricultural production‟, IEEE Pervasive
Computing, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp.38–45.

138