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Unit 16.Assignment 1 cloud

bai nghe tieng anh (Trường Cao đẳng Thực hành FPT)

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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 16: Cloud computing

Submission date Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Student ID

Class Assessor name

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature

Grading grid

P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D1

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❒ Summative Feedback: ❒ Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Signature & Date:

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I. Introduction 6
II. Fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing. 7
1. Historical development of cloud computing 7
2. Client-Server 9
3. High performance computing 11
4. Distributed computing 13
5. Cluster computing 15
6. Grid computing 16
7. Cloud computing 19
III. Discuss why an organization should move to a Cloud solution. 23
IV. Cloud deployment models 24
1. Public cloud 24
2. Private cloud 26
3. Community cloud 28
4. Hybrid cloud 30
5. Define an appropriate deployment model for company ATN. 34
V. Cloud service models 35
1. Software as a Service (SaaS) 35
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS) 38

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3. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

42
4. Define an appropriate service model for company ATN. 42
VI. Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework 43
1. Architecture design 43
2. Detailed design 46
VII. The deployment model in the real world 47
1. Public cloud example 47
2. Private cloud example 48
3. Community cloud example 49
4. Hybrid cloud example 49
VIII. Justify the tools chosen to realize a Cloud Computing solution for ATN 50
1. Heroku 50
2. Git 51
3. Github 52
IX. Conclusion 52
References 53

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I. Introduction
● In this report, I will analyze the evolution of cloud computing, explain why ATN companies need to move to cloud computing
solutions. Then, I will describe the deployment models, describe the service models, choose a deployment model, a service
model, and design an appropriate architectural cloud framework for the company ATN. Finally, I will introduce practical
examples of deployment models.

II. Fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing.

1. Historical development of cloud computing
● EARLY 1960S
○ The computer scientist John McCarthy, come up with concept of timesharing, and enabling Organization to
simultaneously use an expensive mainframe. This computing is described as a significant contribution to the
development of the Internet, and a pioneer of Cloud computing.
● IN 1969
○ The idea of an “Intergalactic Computer Network” or “Galactic Network” (a computer networking concept
similar to today’s Internet) was introduced by J.C.R. Licklider, who was responsible for enabling the
development of ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network). His vision was for everyone on the
globe to be interconnected and being able to access programs and data at any site, from anywhere.
● IN 1970
○ Using virtualization software like VMware. It become possible to run more than one Operating System
simultaneously in an isolated environment. It was possible to run a completely different Computer (virtual

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machine) inside a different Operating System.

● IN 1997
○ The first known definition of the term “Cloud Computing” seems to be by Prof. Ramnath Chellappa in Dallas in
1997 – “A computing paradigm where the boundaries of computing will be determined by economic rationale
rather than technical limits alone.”
● IN 1999
○ The arrival of Salesforce.com in 1999 pioneered the concept of delivering enterprise applications via simple
website. The services firm covered the way for both specialist and mainstream software firms to deliver
applications over the Internet.
● IN 2003
○ The first public release of Xen, which creates a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) also known as a hypervisor, a
software system that allows the execution of multiple virtual guest operating systems simultaneously on a single
machine.
● IN 2006
○ In 2006, Amazon expanded its cloud services. First was its Elastic Compute cloud (EC2), which allowed people
to access computers and run their own applications on them, all on the cloud. Then they brought out Simple
Storage Service (S3). This introduced the pay-as-you-go model to both users and the industry as a whole, and it
has basically become standard practice now.
● IN 2013
○ The Worldwide Public Cloud Services Market totalled £78bn, up 18.5 per cent on 2012, with IaaS
(infrastructure-as-a-service) the fastest growing market service.
● IN 2014
○ In 2014, global business spending for infrastructure and services related to the cloud will reach an estimated

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£103.8bn, up 20% from the amount spent in 2013 (Constellation Research).

2. Client-Server

● The client-server model, or client-server architecture, is a distributed application framework dividing tasks
between servers and clients, which either reside in the same system or communicate through a computer
network or the Internet. The client relies on sending a request to another program in order to access a service
made available by a server. The server runs one or more programs that share resources with and distribute work
among clients.

● Categories of Client-Server Computing

○ There are four main categories of client-server computing:

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■ One-Tier architecture: consists of a simple program running on a single computer without

requiring access to the network. User requests don’t manage any network protocols, therefore the
code is simple and the network is relieved of the extra traffic.
■ Two-Tier architecture: consists of the client, the server, and the protocol that links the two tiers.
The Graphical User Interface code resides on the client host and the domain logic resides on the
server host. The client-server GUI is written in high-level languages such as C++ and Java.
■ Three-Tier architecture: consists of a presentation tier, which is the User Interface layer, the
application tier, which is the service layer that performs detailed processing, and the data tier,
which consists of a database server that stores information.
■ N-Tier architecture: divides an application into logical layers, which separate responsibilities and
manage dependencies, and physical tiers, which run on separate machines, improve scalability,
and add latency from the additional network communication. N-Tier architecture can be closed-
layer, in which a layer can only communicate with the next layer down, or open-layer, in which a
layer can communicate with any layers below it.
● Working Principle
○ In the Client Server model, the server accepts all valid requests from different places on the Internet,
then returns the results to the computer that sent the request.
○ Computers are considered as clients when they are responsible for sending requests to servers and
waiting for answers to be sent.

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● Example: : Blizzard's Battle.net service, which hosts online games for World of Warcraft,
StarCraft, Overwatch, and others. When players open a Blizzard application, the game client
automatically connects to a Battle.net server. Once players log in to Battle.net, they can see who
else is online, chat with other players, and play matches with or against other gamers.

3. High performance computing

● High-performance computing is the use of parallel processing and supercomputers to run advanced and complex application
programs. The system focuses on developing parallel processing systems by integrating both administration and computational
methods.
● HPC was developed to meet the increasing demands for processing speed. As it brings together different technologies like
computer architecture, algorithms, system software, programs, and electronics under one canopy, HPC can solve complex
problems quickly and efficiently.

● How Does HPC Work?

■ There are three key components of high-performance computing solutions: compute, network, and storage.

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■ In order to develop a high performance computing architecture, multiple computer servers are networked
together to form a cluster. Algorithms and software programs are executed concurrently on the servers in the
cluster. To get the results, the cluster is networked to data storage. These modules function together to complete
different tasks.
■ To achieve maximum efficiency, each module must keep pace with others, else the performance of the entire
HPC infrastructure would deteriorate.

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4. Distributed computing

● In a distributed cloud, the public cloud infrastructure utilizes multiple locations and data centers to store and run
the software applications and services. With this implementation, distributed clouds are more efficient and
performance-driven.
● A distributed cloud computing architecture also called distributed computing architecture, is made up of
distributed systems and clouds.

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● Examples of Distributed Computing

○ Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) utilize geographically separated regions to store data locally in order to serve end-
users faster.
○ Ridge Edge Platform
● How Does Distributed Computing Work?
○ Distributed computing connects hardware and software resources to do many things, including:
■ Work in collaboration to achieve a single goal through optional resource sharing;
■ Manage access rights per the authority level of users;
■ Keep resources, e.g., distributed computing software, open for further development;
■ Achieve concurrency that lets multiple machines work on the same process;
■ Ensure all computing resources are scalable and operate faster when multiple machines work together;
■ Detect and handle errors in connected components of the distributed network so that the network doesn’t fail
and stays fault-tolerant.

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5. Cluster computing

● Introduction to Cluster Computing

○ Cluster computing is the process of sharing the computation tasks among multiple computers and those computers or
machines form the cluster. It works on the distributed system with the networks. Several types of cluster computing are
used based upon the business implementations, performance optimization, and architectural preference such as load
balancing clusters, high availability (HA) clusters, high performance (HP) clusters. Some of the advantages are
processing speed, cost efficiency, scalability, high availability of resources. Some of the popular implementations of
cluster computing are Google search engine, Earthquake Simulation, Petroleum Reservoir Simulation, and Weather
Forecasting system.
● Types of Cluster computing
○ The types of cluster computing are described below.

1. Load-balancing clusters: Here workload is equally distributed across multiple installed servers in the cluster
network.

2. High availability (HA) clusters: A group of clusters which ensure to maintain very high availability.
computers pulled from these systems are considered to be very much reliable and may not face a downtime

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even possibly on any instance.

3. High performance (HP) clusters: This computer networking tactic use supercomputers and Cluster computing
to resolve complex and highly advanced computation problems.

6. Grid computing
Grid computing is the practice of leveraging multiple computers, often geographically distributed but connected by
networks, to work together to accomplish joint tasks. It is typically run on a “data grid,” a set of computers that directly interact with
each other to coordinate jobs.

How Does Grid Computing Work?

Grid computing works by running specialized software on every computer that participates in the data grid. The software acts as the
manager of the entire system and coordinates various tasks across the grid. Specifically, the software assigns subtasks to each
computer so they can work simultaneously on their respective subtasks. After the completion of subtasks, the outputs are gathered and
aggregated to complete a larger-scale task. The software lets each computer communicate over the network with the other computers
so they can share information on what portion of the subtasks each computer is running, and how to consolidate and deliver outputs.

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With grid computing, specialized software runs on every computer that participates in the data grid. This controller software acts as
the manager of the entire system and coordinates various tasks across the grid.

How is Grid Computing Used?

Grid computing is especially useful when different subject matter experts need to collaborate on a project but do not necessarily have
the means to immediately share data and computing resources in a single site. By joining forces despite the geographical distance, the
distributed teams are able to leverage their own resources that contribute to a bigger effort. This means that all computing resources do

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not have to work on the same specific task, but can work on sub-tasks that collectively make up the end goal. For example, a research
team might analyze weather patterns in the North Atlantic region, while another team analyzes the south Atlantic region, and both
results can be combined to deliver a complete picture of Atlantic weather patterns.

While often seen as a large-scale distributed computing endeavor, grid computing can also be leveraged at a local level. For example,
a corporation that allocates a set of computer nodes running in a cluster to jointly perform a given task is a simple example of grid
computing in action. A specific type of local data grid is an in-memory data grid (IMDG) in which computers are tightly connected via
coordination software and a network connection to collectively process data in memory. The advantage is that the data is stored in
memory across all computers in the data grid, so all data accesses are very fast. IMDGs like Hazelcast IMDG are especially useful
when the grid computing tasks require extremely high throughput and extremely low latency.

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7. Cloud computing

What is cloud computing?

Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the internet. These

services are divided into three main categories or types of cloud computing: infrastructure as a service (IaaS),

platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS).

A cloud can be private or public. A public cloud sells services to anyone on the internet. A private cloud is a

proprietary network or a data center that supplies hosted services to a limited number of people, with certain

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access and permissions settings. Private or public, the goal of cloud computing is to provide easy, scalable

access to computing resources and IT services.

How does cloud computing work?

Cloud computing works by enabling client devices to access data and cloud applications over the internet from remote physical
servers, databases and computers.An internet network connection links the front end, which includes the accessing client device,
browser, network and cloud software applications, with the back end, which consists of databases, servers and computers. The back
end functions as a repository, storing data that is accessed by the front end.

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Communications between the front and back ends are managed by a central server. The central server relies on protocols to facilitate
the exchange of data. The central server uses both software and middleware to manage connectivity between different client devices
and cloud servers. Typically, there is a dedicated server for each individual application or workload.

Cloud computing relies heavily on virtualization and automation technologies. Virtualization enables the easy abstraction and
provisioning of services and underlying cloud systems into logical entities that users can request and utilize. Automation and
accompanying orchestration capabilities provide users with a high degree of self-service to provision resources, connect services and
deploy workloads without direct intervention from the cloud provider's IT staff.

Types of cloud computing services

Cloud computing can be separated into three general service delivery categories or forms of cloud computing:

1. IaaS. IaaS providers, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), supply a virtual server instance and storage, as well as
application programming interfaces (APIs) that let users migrate workloads to a virtual machine (VM). Users have an
allocated storage capacity and can start, stop, access and configure the VM and storage as desired. IaaS providers offer
small, medium, large, extra-large, and memory- or compute-optimized instances, in addition to enabling customization of
instances, for various workload needs. The IaaS cloud model is closest to a remote data center for business users.
2. PaaS. In the PaaS model, cloud providers host development tools on their infrastructures. Users access these tools over
the internet using APIs, web portals or gateway software. PaaS is used for general software development, and many PaaS
providers host the software after it's developed. Common PaaS products include Salesforce's Lightning Platform, AWS

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Elastic Beanstalk and Google App Engine.

3. SaaS. SaaS is a distribution model that delivers software applications over the internet; these applications are often called
web services. Users can access SaaS applications and services from any location using a computer or mobile device that
has internet access. In the SaaS model, users gain access to application software and databases. One common example of a
SaaS application is Microsoft 365 for productivity and email services.

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III. Discuss why an organization should move to a Cloud solution.

1. Reduced costsEstablishing and running a data center is expensive. You need to purchase the right equipment and hire
technicians to install and manage the center. When you shift to cloud computing, you will only pay for the services procured. More
interested in how the cloud can reduce cost in your business? Check out the importance of the cloud to enterprise then.Providers
charge cloud computing services based the features, storage, number of users, time, and memory space among other factors. Hence,
you can choose a package that suits your budget and save costs.

2. FlexibilityOne of the major benefits of cloud computing is mobility. The service gives you and your employees the flexibility to
work from any location. Employees can complete their tasks at home or from the field.You can reduce the number of workstations in
your office and allow some employees to work from home to save costs further. Cloud computing enables you to monitor the
operations in your business effectively. You just need a fast internet connection to get real time updates of all operations.

3. ScalabilityThe traditional way of planning for unexpected growth is to purchase and keep additional servers, storage, and licenses.
It may take years before you actually use the reserve resources. Scaling cloud computing services is easy. You can get additional
storage space or features whenever you need them. Your provider will simply upgrade your package within minutes as long as you
meet the additional cost.

4. No need for a backup planTraditional computing system require back up plans especially for data storage. A disaster can lead to
permanent data loss if no backup storage is in place. Businesses do not require any such means when storing data on a cloud. The data
will always be available as long as users have an internet connection. Some businesses use cloud computing services as backup and a
plan for disaster recovery.

5. Data securitySometimes storing data on the cloud is safer than storing it on physical servers and data centers. A breach of security at
your premises can lead to compromised data security if laptops or computers are stolen. If you have data on the cloud, you can delete

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any confidential information remotely or move it to a different account. Breaching the security measures on clouding platforms is
difficult. Hence, you are assured of data security. Here’s what everyone should know about cyber security in the cloud.

6. A wide range of optionsWe have already mentioned the main groups of cloud computing services, that is, IaaS, PaaS, and IaaS.
Each of these groups has many sub categories that vary across providers. For instance, if you are looking for software, you will have
hundreds of options from different providers. You can choose the service providers with the best features and rates for the service that
your business needs.

7. Improved collaborationBusiness owners are always looking for ways to boost individual and team performance. Cloud computing is
among the most effective ways of improving team performance.Staff members can easily share data and collaborate to complete
projects even from different locations. Field workers can easily share real time data and updates with those in the office. In addition,
cloud computing eliminates redundant or repetitive tasks such as data re-entry.You can improve the level of efficiency, increase
productivity, and save costs by moving your business to cloud computing. The best approach is to shift the operations gradually to
avoid data losses or manipulation during the shift.Compare different service providers and their range of services to pick the right
provider. Your experience and ability to enjoy the benefits outlined above depend on your choice of a service provider. Ask for
referrals from other business owners or conduct a thorough background check to get the best cloud computing services.

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IV. Cloud deployment models

1. Public cloud

What is a public cloud?

A public cloud is a cloud service offered to multiple customers by a cloud provider. The term "public cloud" is used to
differentiate between the original cloud model of services accessed over the Internet and the private cloud model. Public clouds
include SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS services.

Like all cloud services, a public cloud service runs on remote servers that a provider manages. Customers of that
provider access those services over the Internet.

What are the pros and cons of using a public cloud?

Pros:

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● Cost savings: Moving to a public cloud is a way for companies to cut down IT operations costs. Essentially, they are
outsourcing these costs to a third party who can handle them more efficiently. Public clouds also typically cost less than
private clouds, because the cloud provider is able to maximize their use of hardware and their profits by selling their
services to multiple customers at once.
● Less server management: If an organization uses a public cloud, internal teams don't have to spend time managing servers
– as they do for legacy on-premises data centers or for internal private clouds.
● Security: Many small and medium sized businesses may not have the resources to implement strong security measures. By
using a public cloud service, they can outsource some aspects of cyber security to a larger provider with more resources.

Cons:

● Security and compliance concerns: Multi Tenant might be a concern for businesses that need to meet strict regulatory
compliance standards. Multi Tenant also comes with a very small risk of data leakage, which may be more risk than some
businesses in specialized fields are willing to tolerate. (In fact, the risk is miniscule; most cloud providers follow extremely
high security standards.) Finally, it can be difficult to deploy the same security policies both for an organization's internal
resources and for a public cloud that is somewhat outside of an organization's control (especially during a cloud migration).
● Vendor lock-in: This is always a concern with cloud technology. An organization that uses the cloud will save money and
become more flexible, but it can also end up reliant upon the cloud vendor's services – the virtual machines, storage,
applications, and technologies they provide – in order to maintain their business operations.

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2. Private cloud
What is the definition of Private Cloud?

Private cloud is defined as services provided over the Internet or private intranet to users within that intranet instead of
publicly. Private cloud can also be referred to as an internal cloud. In particular, Private cloud provides businesses with many
of the same benefits as Public cloud - including self-service features, scalability and flexibility - but with more control and
customization support from dedicated resources on a hosted computing infrastructure.

In addition, private cloud also provides a higher level of security and privacy thanks to internal storage and firewall
systems to ensure sensitive data and corporate activities are not accessed by vendors. third party level.

A minus point of the Private cloud system is that the company's IT department will be responsible for the cost and
management of the private cloud.

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Benefits defect

● High security and privacy ● Private cloud resources are not as cost-effective as those
Private cloud operations are unavailable or unavailable to in public clouds, but are more efficient. That means that
public public and shared resources from separate private cloud users can get more optimal benefits than
resource clusters. Therefore, the Private cloud system Public cloud at a cost in reality may not be too much
usually ensures high security and privacy. higher.
● More control ● Limitations of Private Cloud
The private cloud has more control over its resources and Here are a few limitations of using the private cloud
hardware than the public cloud because it is only model:
accessible within an organization. ● Limited operating area
Private clouds are only accessible locally, and it can be
difficult to scale up to a global deployment.
● The cost of buying new hardware to meet the demand for
a private cloud system is a rather expensive transaction.
● Limited scalability
● Private clouds can be "scaled" only to the extent of the
capacity of internal storage resources.
● Supplementary Skills
● To maintain a private cloud system, businesses need
highly qualified personnel.

3. Community cloud
A community cloud is a cloud infrastructure in which multiple organizations share resources and services based on common
operational and regulatory requirements. The concept of a community cloud is akin to a community garden, where different
individuals grow produce on a single piece of shared land. Community clouds are a recent phenomenon compared to other cloud
models such as public, private, and hybrid clouds.

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Community Cloud Architecture

Benefits of a community cloud

● Cost-effectiveness: As mentioned earlier, the cost-effectiveness of setting up a community cloud vs. a private cloud is a
compelling reason for organizations such as educational institutions to consider this shift. A community cloud allows
users to connect to the same environment, with their sessions segmented logically. This removes the need to have
separate servers to fulfill the same requirements across organizations.
● Regulatory compliance: Privacy-related regulatory laws are new and constantly evolving. They vary at a global,
national, and regional level. For example, California has already implemented the Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), while
other states simply follow suit. By banding together under the community cloud umbrella, the common interpretation
and implementation of these laws can be ensured. This drastically reduces vulnerability to legal action.
● Industry-based security requirements: Regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
(HIPAA) for healthcare and Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) for the payment industry require
companies to store and transfer data in specific ways. The expertise and technology to implement these security

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requirements cannot be avoided. This is where community cloud members help each other by sharing expertise.
● High availability: The lure of cloud solutions lies in the fact that most come with high availability, meaning downtime is
low or nonexistent. This holds true for community clouds as well.
● More control: Many enterprises opt for private clouds over public ones because of the need for transparency and control.
While public clouds make setup, scalability, and maintenance much easier than on-premise solutions, they come at the
cost of control. Community clouds provide organizations with the best of both cloud models.

4. Hybrid cloud
A hybrid cloud is a cloud computing environment that uses a mix of on-premises, private cloud and third-party, public cloud
services with orchestration between these platforms. This typically involves a connection from an on-premises data center to a public
cloud. The connection also can involve other private assets, including edge devices or other clouds.

How do hybrid clouds work?

In a hybrid cloud model, enterprises deploy workloads in private IT environments or public clouds and move between them as
computing needs and costs change. This gives a business greater flexibility and more data deployment options. A hybrid cloud
workload includes the network, hosting and web service features of an application.

While the terms are sometimes discussed interchangeably, there are key differences between hybrid and multi-cloud models. A hybrid
cloud creates a single environment in which to operate on-premises, private resources and in public cloud resources -- such as those

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offered by AWS, Microsoft and Google. A multi-cloud environment consists of two or more public cloud providers but does not
require a private or on-premises component.

Hybrid cloud benefits

Hybrid cloud computing enables an enterprise to deploy its most sensitive workloads in an on-premises cloud and to host less-critical

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resources on a third-party public cloud provider. This approach allows organizations to get the best of both private and public cloud
models.

The core benefits of hybrid cloud include the following:

● Flexibility. Companies work with various types of data in disparate environments and adjust their infrastructure. A hybrid
cloud setup uses traditional systems as well as the latest cloud technology, without a full commitment to a vendor.
Organizations can migrate workloads to and from their traditional infrastructure and a vendor's public cloud whenever
necessary.
● Cost management. With a private cloud, organizations own and operate the data center infrastructure, which requires
significant capital expense and fixed costs. Alternatively, public cloud resources and services are accounted for as variable
and operational expenses. Hybrid cloud users can choose to run workloads in whichever environment is more cost-
effective.
● Agility and scalability. Hybrid cloud offers more resource options via a public cloud provider vs. an organization's
physical data center. This makes it easier to provision, deploy and scale resources to meet demand spikes. When demand
exceeds capacity of the local data center, an organization can burst the application to the public cloud to access extra scale
and capacity.
● Resiliency and interoperability. A business can run workloads redundantly in both private and public environments.
Components of one workload can also run in both environments and interoperate.
● Compliance. Organizations in highly regulated industries must follow restrictions on where data can reside, and this often
means they cannot move certain workloads to the public cloud. With hybrid cloud, organizations can keep data in a private

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environment while operating workloads in the cloud, or they can operate workloads in a private data center and move data
to and from the public cloud as needed. This allows companies to meet regulatory requirements and still benefit from the
cloud's elasticity.

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5. Define an appropriate deployment model for company ATN.

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V. Cloud service models

1. Software as a Service (SaaS)

So what is the essence of SaaS? Software as a service, also known as SaaS for short. This is a service provided by providers to
end users based on cloud technology.

If you still don't understand what SaaS is, you can imagine it like this. Traditionally, to use any product or software, users will
be required to download and install it. With SaaS you access an application through an internet browser. It seems much simpler for
you to understand what SaaS is, right?

SaaS is the top layer in the pyramid model of 4 types of Cloud Computing services. This is the tier aimed at the vast majority
of users today. Therefore, if you are learning what SaaS is, then you are probably looking for an application to apply to your entire
business.

So what are the applications in SaaS? Software applications can be anything. Nearly everything we traditionally use has been
transformed into SaaS services. These include office software, ERP,...

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What are the advantages of SaaS?

Accessible ability:

Learn about what SaaS is and you will be surprised at the accessibility of these applications. Instead of having to download a piece of
software and install it, you can now use it through a browser on the Internet. Therefore, you do not need to worry too much about
which operating system you are using.

Not stopping there, once you understand what SaaS is, you will know that applications in the form of SaaS can not only be used on
desktop computers, they can also be used on mobile devices. Today, SaaS applications are designed to be mobile-friendly. The purpose
is that they can be used in many cases and situations, especially towards the fact that you have to move often. If you learn about what
SaaS is but ignore this feature, it is a pity.

Possibility to update:

The ability to instantly update is the second advantage in this article about what is SaaS by Viettel IDC. Because they run in the cloud,
vendors can update their software almost continuously without adversely affecting user operations. This is in stark contrast to
traditional software. When the concept of what is SaaS did not appear, this was the only solution at that time.

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Hardware:

Continuing to learn what SaaS is, we will come to the hardware element. With the SaaS model, the hardware investment factor is
almost completely eliminated. Remember the traditional software you will see this clearly. Sometimes it's not simply a PC with
compatible hardware and software configurations.

SaaS is scalable:

You can scale based on fluctuations in your user base. When you learn in detail what the SaaS model is, you will see that it is divided
into many packages. The way to do it is very simple, you can increase or decrease the service package you are using. With traditional
software, what you need to do at this time is buy more or remove hard stools. So, basically, SaaS is much more economical.

Storage:

Another important point to help you understand what the SaaS model is is about hosting. Data in the business is so important that it is
essential to store it. Business accounting software is a prime example. What if the computer with the accounting software is encrypted
on the hard drive? There may still be ways to help recover data, but the risk that businesses face is certainly great.

However, with SaaS, the data is usually stored in the cloud. Any changes are updated and archived in a timely manner. The risk if one
computer in the system is encrypted is not a problem. Just a few taps, the latest backup in the cloud will be updated on that computer.

Data and analytics:

Learning about what SaaS is, you should not ignore its data analysis. Reporting on the status of software usage is something that every
business is interested in. Is the use of the software effective or not? With traditional software, measuring this is also a problem.

With SaaS applications, users often have access to visual reporting tools. This provides valuable business insights, enabling
streamlined, economical, and efficient workflows. This is a point that vendors will emphasize when introducing what SaaS is to
businesses.

When to use SaaS:

▪ If your company needs to launch a ready-made software quickly. ▪ For short-term projects that require collaboration.

▪ If you use applications on a temporary basis.

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▪ For applications that need both web and mobile access.

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS: Platform as a Service

PaaS in cloud computing is a framework for software creation delivered over the internet. This is the offering of a platform with built-
in software components and tools, using which developers can create, customize, test and launch applications. PaaS vendors manage
servers, operating system updates, security patches and backups. Clients focus on app development and data without worrying about
infrastructure, middleware and OS maintenance.

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The main difference between IaaS and PaaS lies in the degree of control given to users.

PaaS Key Features

● Allows for developing, testing and hosting apps in the same environment
● Resources can be scaled up and down depending on business needs
● Multiple users can access the same app in development
● The user doesn’t have complete control over the infrastructure
● Web services and databases are integrated
● Remote teams can collaborate easily

PaaS Advantages
● PaaS-built software is highly scalable, available and multi-tenant, as it is cloud-based
● The development process is quickened and simplified
● Reduced expenses for creating, testing and launching apps
● Automated company policy
● Reduced amount of coding required
● Allows for easy migrating to the hybrid cloud

PaaS Disadvantages
● Data security issues
● Compatibility of existing infrastructure (not every element can be cloud-enabled)
● Dependency on vendor’s speed, reliability and support

When to Use PaaS

Such solutions are especially profitable to developers who want to spend more time coding, testing and deploying their applications.
Utilizing PaaS is beneficial when:

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● Multiple developers work on one project

● Other vendors must be included
● You want to create your own customized apps

Examples of PaaS
The best-known PaaS solutions vendors are Google App Engine, Amazon AWS, Windows Azure Cloud Services, Heroku, AWS
Elastic Beanstalk, Apache Stratos and OpenShift.

3. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service

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This is a virtual equivalent of a traditional data center. Cloud infrastructure providers use virtualization technology to deliver scalable
compute resources such as servers, networks and storage to their clients. This is beneficial for the clients, as they don’t have to buy
personal hardware and manage its components. Instead, they can deploy their platforms and applications within the provider’s virtual
machines that offer the same technologies and capabilities as a physical data center.

An IaaS provider is responsible for the entire infrastructure, but users have total control over it. In turn, users are responsible for
installing and maintaining apps and operating systems, as well as for security, runtime, middleware and data.

IaaS Key Features

● Highly scalable resources
● Enterprise-grade infrastructure
● Cost depends on consumption
● Multitenant architecture, i.e. a single piece of hardware serves many users
● The client gets complete control over the infrastructure

IaaS Advantages
● The most flexible and dynamic model
● Cost-effective due to pay-as-you-go pricing
● Easy to use due to the automate d deployment of hardware
● Management tasks are virtualized, so employees have more free time for other tasks

IaaS Disadvantages
● Data security issues due to multitenant architecture
● Vendor outages make customers unable to access their data for a while
● The need for team training to learn how to manage new infrastructure

When to Use IaaS

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IaaS can be especially advantageous in some situations:

● If you are a small company or a startup that has no budget for creating your own infrastructure
● If you are a rapidly growing company and your demands are unstable and changeable
● If you are a large company that wants to have effective control over infrastructure but pay only for the resources you
actually use

Examples of IaaS
The best-known IaaS solution s vendors are Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine (GCE), Amazon Web Services ( AWS ), Cisco
Metapod, DigitalOcean, Linode and Rackspace.

4. Define an appropriate service model for company ATN.

SaaS PaaS IaaS

Provide Software available Tools use for application Computer resources over the
development internet

Who should use ? End user Developer Network architects

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Control, Security Low Normal High

Cost Low Normal High

Flexible Low High High

According to the scenario:

▪ ATN is a company that sells toys to teenagers, so their security requirements are not high.

▪ ATN company's revenue is about $500,000 a year, we can see this company is a small company that can't spend a lot of money.

From the above analysis, the required characteristics of the deployment models and the comparisons in the table above, I choose
"Public cloud" to deploy for ATN company.

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VI. Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing

framework
1. Architecture design
Layer 1 - User/Client layer:

This layer is the lowest layer in the cloud architecture. All the users or clients belong to this layer. This is the place where the
client/user initiates the connection to the cloud. The client can be any device such as a thin client, thick client, or mobile or any
handheld device that would support basic functionalities to access a web application.

Layer 2 - Network layer:

This layer allows the users to connect to the cloud. The whole cloud infrastructure is dependent on this connection where the services
are offered to the customers.

This is preeminent to the Internet in the case of a public cloud.

In the case of a private cloud, the connectivity may be provided by a local area network (LAN).

Layer 3 - Cloud management layer:

This layer consists of softwares that are used in managing the cloud. These softwares usually allow resource management (scheduling,
provisioning, ...), optimization (server consolidation, storage workload consolidation), and internal cloud governance.

Layer 4 - Hardware resource layer:

This layer consists of provisions for actual hardware resources. In the case of a public cloud, a data center is used in the back end.

In a private cloud, it can be a data center, which is a huge collection of hardware resources connected to each other that is present in a
specific location or a high configuration system.

Here is the cloud computing architecture designed for the company ATN:

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Here is use case diagram:

2. Detailed design
Deployment model: I chose the "Public cloud" deployment model because of its advantages and compatibility with the ATN corporate
situation.
Service model: I chose the "Platform as a Service - PaaS" deployment model because of its advantages and compatibility with the
situation of ATN company.
Programming language: I choose PHP language to design applications because PHP is an easy language to learn and do. Besides, it is
very flexible, compatible with most operating systems such as UNIX, Linux, Windows,... About the cost to implement a web

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application using PHP compared to other languages such as Java, C# it is more cost-effective because it has a rich support community
and extensive libraries. In terms of speed, PHP runs relatively fast because it does not use a lot of system resources.
Database server: I choose "MySQL" as the database server for my company because MySQL is highly scalable, highly flexible, highly
secure, easy to manage, low cost: it allows full customization to meet the unique requirements of businesses, provides exceptional
security features that ensure absolute data protection, provides powerful mechanisms to ensure only authorized users have permissions
access to the database server, ... Also MySQL is the database server most associated with PHP.

VII. The deployment model in the real world

1. Public cloud example
a. Amazon Web Services

Amazon Web Services, commonly known as AWS, is a cloud services platform that offers cloud computing infrastructure, database
storage, bandwidth, API support, and content delivery, along with several IaaS and PaaS services. A few notable services of AWS
include Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Glacier storage, Relational Database Service (RDS), Simple Storage Service (S3), Elastic
Beanstalk, DynamoDB NoSQL database, and Elastic Block Store (EBS). It also offers cloud services related to networking, analytics
and machine learning, the internet of things (IoT), mobile services, development, cloud management, cloud security, and more.

b. Microsoft Azure

Microsoft Azure is Microsoft’s public cloud computing platform that provides a wide range of services for computing, data storage,
data analytics, and networking. Microsoft Azure provides PaaS, SaaS, and IaaS. The cloud platform supports different tools and
frameworks (Microsoft as well as third-party systems) as well as various programming languages. Azure’s services can also be used to
replace or supplement your existing on-premise servers.

3. IBM Cloud

IBM Cloud is IBM’s suite of cloud computing services that offers PaaS and IaaS. The platform is suitable for small teams and
organizations as well as large enterprise businesses. Using the IBM Cloud Platform, a user can also access other IBM tools and
services, such as IBM Cloud Functions and IBM Watson, along with third-party services. Developers can use the IBM Cloud platform
to create, manage, run and deploy public cloud on local as well as on-premise environments. It supports various programming

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languages, including Java, PHP, and Python.

4. Google Cloud

Platform offers a range of IaaS and PaaS services, including computing, data storage, networking, developer applications and tools
that run on Google hardware. Some of its offerings include Compute Engine, App Engine, Container Engine, Cloud Storage, and
BigQuery. Google Cloud Platform services are accessible to software developers and cloud administrators over a dedicated network
connection or the internet.

5. Oracle Cloud

Oracle Cloud is Oracle’s public cloud service offering that provides servers, storage, network, applications, and services. It provides
PaaS, IaaS, SaaS as well as data as a service (DaaS). These services can be used to create, run, deploy, integrate, and extend
applications. Oracle Cloud supports various programming languages, tools, databases, and frameworks.

2. Private cloud example

a. HPE

Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) has been a leader in the private cloud computing market for many years. The private cloud service
provider offers customizable private cloud software and infrastructure. The HPE private cloud can be used along with a public cloud
to provide a faster connection with the same security protections as a private cloud. HPE’s private cloud offerings include services,
hardware, and software. Its private cloud solutions include the Helion CloudSystem hardware, Helion Cloud Suite software, Helion
Managed Private Cloud, and Managed Virtual Private Cloud services, among others.

b. VMware

VMware offers two types of private cloud solutions. While one solution is completely private, the other is a hybrid solution that offers
an integrated stack as well as automated lifecycle management. Although VMware is best known for its virtualization software that
runs many private cloud environments, it also offers a variety of other services. VMWare’s vRealize Suite Cloud Management
Platform offers private as well as hybrid cloud management. The VMWare Cloud Foundation, on the other hand, is a data center
platform for private clouds.

c. Dell

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Dell EMC offers two private cloud products. While one is meant for Microsoft Azure Stack, the other is a turnkey developer platform.
Dell, who was always a leader in the private cloud market, became an even stronger player after its merger with EMC. The company’s
cloud offerings include cloud management and cloud security software, virtual private cloud services, and various cloud consulting
services.

d. Oracle

Oracle’s Private Cloud Appliance is a scalable data center that is capable of processing mixed workloads. The company’s private cloud
solutions include its cloud platform, infrastructure, applications, lifecycle management tools, as well as integration services, along
with managed cloud services.5. IBMThe design of the IBM private cloud is based on open source frameworks, including Kubernetes
and Cloud Foundry. The company’s private cloud solutions include IBM Systems and IBM Storage, IBM Cloud Managed Services,
Cloud Manager, and Cloud Orchestrator. Apart from the private cloud vendors mentioned above, Microsoft, Cisco, NetApp, Red Hat,
and AWS are also major players in the private cloud race.

3. Community cloud example

Community cloud for government sector

It is common to come across ‘cloud for government’ or ‘government cloud’ among the offerings of most cloud vendors. These are
community clouds that are specifically meant for government bodies. Government processes and services require constant
communication and data transactions between multiple departments. They all operate on similar infrastructure, with resources and
services shared across them. Government bodies are also subject to various privacy, legal, and security concerns, which means that
public clouds cannot be used. This makes them the perfect use case for a community cloud. A recent example is the U.S. Defense
Department calling for bids for its cloud computing contract. The aim is to deploy vital cloud services for the military, and the
Pentagon is looking at bids from Microsoft, Oracle, Amazon, IBM, and Google. Microsoft’s ‘Azure Government Top Secret’ tailors
private cloud for highly sensitive and classified data, just like the other bidders. Google recently announced the development of
security and app management tools for the Defense Innovation Unit, Pentagon. It aims to eliminate the challenges that the defense
department faces and run a multi-cloud environment in a community cloud deployment model. IBM’s SoftLayer cloud for federal
agencies works with local partners to define, deploy, and run industry-specific community clouds.

4. Hybrid cloud example

Monash University
Monash University wanted to eliminate tape and in-house tape storage and embrace to cloud. They were using the data domain as a

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backup target and it was getting more expensive and its capacity was limited. Along with it, there was no backup cloud option to store
it.
University’s Director of data-backup contacted the SteelStore cloud storage appliance for solving their problems. A proof-of-concept
proved that the experiment was successful. The on-site appliance had a built-in disk that could store the most recent backups to allow
the local backups. This data was also replicated at AWS, a public cloud, which offers cheap and deep storage for long term purpose.
SteelStorage used encryption, compression, and de-duplication to ensure the efficient use of backup SteelStorage capacity and
network bandwidth. As the encryption keys were managed on-premises, the data in the cloud was secured.

VIII. Justify the tools chosen to realize a Cloud Computing

solution for ATN
1. Heroku

● Heroku is an adaptable tool, even for those who are not proficient in cloud engine configuration, it can be used for free with
some limitations, users can spend money to remove it. leave them. Remove restrictions and scale if necessary.
● I choose heroku to deploy the site because:
○ We can use and deploy the website to heroku easily without much prior experience.

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○ It is free to use,
○ In addition to using git heroku to connect the source code, it also allows connecting through many source code
repositories and especially the github source code repository that our team is using.
○ In addition, using heroku has many benefits such as: Improve the productivity of the cloud application development
team. Monitor and enhance performance through rich application monitoring. This cloud platform takes care of patching
systems and keeps everything running, Integrates easily with many other AWS products,...

2. Git

● Git is the most commonly used version control system. Git keeps track of the changes users make to files, so when using git, there is a
record of what was done to the file, so we can revert to specific versions. possible if needed.
● Git is software that runs locally. Files and their change history are stored on the computer. There is a central place where users can
upload their changes and download changes from others, allowing multiple people to collaborate easily. Git can automatically merge
changes, so different people can work on different parts of the same file and then merge those changes without losing each other's
work.
● I use git for local source management because:
○ Git allows us to use it for free.
○ Through git, we can manage the source code easily, we can change the state of the file to the previous state if there is any
mistake.
○ Git allows many people to use and change files through an online server, so we can work as a team easily, can work with people
in different parts of the world. quickly and easily.

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3. Github

● GitHub is a Git repository hosting service. It provides a Web-based graphical interface and app. It stores the source code of your project
in different programming languages and keeps track of the various changes made by the programmers.
● Github has many features like: Collaboration, Integration issues and bug tracking, Git repository hosting, Project management, Team
management, Code archiving, Tracking and assigning tasks
● I use Github because:
○ Github makes it easy to connect to git and local source code.
○ We can connect from heroku to the github source code repository to deploy the site easily.
○ Github is a popular, well known and widely used tool for hosting individual and team projects.
○ Github is also a place to back up the source code, in case of local loss, the role of github is more clearly shown.

IX. Conclusion
In conclusion, I analyzed the evolution of cloud computing, explained why ATN company needs to move to cloud computing solution. Then I
described the deployment models, described the service models, selected a deployment model, created a service model, and designed an
architectural cloud computing framework. suitable architecture for ATN company. Finally, I introduced practical examples of deployment models.

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