ISSN: 2455-2631 © December 2020 IJSDR | Volume 5, Issue 12

Drowsy and Drunken Drive Control, Automatic Accident

Detection and Rescue System Using Arduino
1
Dr.Sujatha Jamuna Anand, 2Mr.Mahendaren, 3M.Ashok Kumar, 4K.Pugalarasu, 5K.Surya
1
Principal, 2Assistant Professor, 3,4,5UG Student
Department Of ECE
Loyola Institute of Technology,
Tamil Nadu 600123

Abstract: In many cases, drivers who are drowsy make no effort to apply brake or avoid an accident. So, a system is designed
which senses the condition of the driver (his/her health) and stops the vehicle immediately if an abnormal condition of the
driver is sensed to avoid accidents. Truck drivers, company car drivers and shift workers are the most at risk of falling
asleep while driving. Majority of the accidents occur due to the drunkenness of the driver. The burden of which lies on the
company owner as they are made liable. It can lead to economic loss. In this presentation we present an adaptive driver and
company owner alert system and an application that provides driving behaviour to the company owner. In this system a
heartbeat sensor, an eye blink sensor, an alcohol sensor are interfaced to an Arduino. If any of these sensors senses an
abnormal condition of the driver, the vehicle automatically slows down and stops. A buzzer is placed in the vehicle which
alerts the surrounding vehicles or the passengers inside the vehicle. At the same time an SMS alert consisting of the location
and condition of the driver is sent to the registered mobile number.

Keywords: GSM, GPS, DC Motors, Alcohol Sensor, Eye blink sensor, Arduino
I. INTRODUCTION
The high demand of automobiles has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents. Life of the people is under high risk.
This is because of the lack of best emergency facilities available in our country. An automatic alarm device for vehicle accidents is
introduced in this paper. This design is a system which can detect accidents in significantly less time and sends the basic information
to first aid centre within a few seconds covering geographical coordinates, the time and angle in which a vehicle accident had
occurred. This alert message is sent to the rescue team in a short time, which will help in saving the valuable lives. A Switch is also
provided in order to terminate the sending of a message in rare case where there is no casualty, this can save the precious time of
the medical rescue team. When the accident occurs the alert message is sent automatically to the rescue team and to the police
station. The message is sent through the GSM module and the location of the accident is detected with the help of the GPS module.
The accident can be detected precisely with the help of both Micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) sensor and vibration sensor.
The Angle of the rolls over of the car can also be known by the message through the MEMS sensor. This application provides the
optimum solution to poor emergency facilities provided to the roads accidents in the most feasible way. The usage of auto mobiles
has improved linearly over the past decade, which increased in the risk of human life. This is because due to the insufficient
emergency facilities.
The usage of auto mobiles has improved linearly over the past decade, which increased in the risk of human life. This is because
due to the insufficient emergency facilities .In this paper we are using a alarm system which helps in improving the emergency
system of the accident system. This system detects the accident occurrence and the co-ordinated of the accident are messaged to the
rescue team .A switching system is used switch off in case there are no causality. The Accident is detected with the help of MEMS
Sensor and Vibration Sensor. The Angle in which the car has rolled off is indicated through a message. This Application helps in
providing feasible solution to the poor emergency facilitates.

Fig 1 : Road Accidents Year-wise 2001 – 2014

These accidents are most common late at night and early in the morning. This is the body’s natural sleep period. Accidents due to
drowsy driver most often occur at high speeds on highways and other major roadways. Oftentimes, in this case at least one vehicle
may change its direction suddenly which may lead to an accident situation. Heartbeat, respiration rate & the body status of the
driver are the most important factors to be considered for a safe driving. This system expects to reduce the number of accidents

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caused by drunken driving, which is very essential element for a prosperous life tomorrow. It alerts the driver and the surroundings
with which we can save many lives. In this project we use sensors to measure all these factors. If the values measured do not match
with the reference values then the microcontroller will send a warning sign in the LCD display thereby preventing accidents. The
Accident is detected with the help of MEMS Sensor and Vibration Sensor. The Angle in which the car has rolled off is indicated
through a message. This Application helps in providing feasible solution to the poor emergency facilitates.
The main objective of our project is to reduce the accident ratio of the truck driver. Major accident occurs because of the driver’s
fault the owner compensates, hence to reduce the burden of the owner we are making this project.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Driver Drowsiness Detection System and Techniques

According to the experts it has been observed that when the drivers do not take break they tend to run a high risk of
becoming drowsy. Study shows that accidents occur due to sleepy drivers in need of a rest, which means that road accidents occurs
more due to drowsiness rather than drink-driving. Attention assist can warn of inattentiveness and drowsiness in an extended speed
range and notify drivers of their current state of fatigue and the driving time since the last break, offers adjustable sensitivity and,
if a warning is emitted, indicates nearby service areas in the COMAND navigation system.
B. Implementation of the Driver Drowsiness Detection System
This paper is about making cars more intelligent and interactive which may notify or resist user under unacceptable conditions, they
may provide critical information of real time situations to rescue or police or owner himself [2]. Driver fatigue resulting from sleep
disorders is an important factor in the increasing number of accidents on today's roads. In this paper, we describe a real-time safety
prototype that controls the vehicle speed under driver fatigue [2]. To advance a system to detect fatigue symptoms in drivers and
control the speed of vehicle to avoid accidents is the purpose of such a mode. In this paper, we propose a driver drowsiness detection
system in which sensor like eye blink sensor are used for detecting drowsiness of driver .If the driver is found to have sleep, buzzer
will start buzzing and then turns the vehicle ignition off[2] .
C. Detecting Driver Drowsiness Based on Sensors
Researchers have attempted to determine driver drowsiness using the following measures: (1) vehicle-based measures; (2)
behavioural measures and (3) physiological measures [3]. A detailed review on these measures will provide insight on the present
systems, issues associated with them and the enhancements that need to be done to make a robust system [3]. This paper reviews
the three measures as to the sensors used and discuss the advantages and limitations of each. The various ways through which
drowsiness has been experimentally manipulated is also discussed [3]. It is concluded that by designing a hybrid drowsiness
detection system that combines non-intrusive physiological measures with other measures one would accurately determine the
drowsiness level of a driver. A number of road accidents might then be avoided if an alert is sent to a driver that is deemed drowsy
[3].
D. Eye Tracking Based Driver Drowsiness Monitoring And Warning System
This project represents a way of developing an interface to detect driver drowsiness based on continuously monitoring eyes and
DIP algorithms [4]. Micro sleeps are the short period of sleeps lasting 2 to 3 seconds, are good indicator of fatigue state. Thus by
monitoring continuously the eyes of the driver by using camera one can detect the sleepy state of driver and timely warning is
issued. Aim of the project is to develop the hardware which is very advanced product related to driver safety on the roads using
controller and image processing [4]. This product detects driver drowsiness and gives warning in form of alarm and it also decreases
the speed of vehicle. Along with the drowsiness detection process there is continuous monitoring of the distance done by the
Ultrasonic sensor [4]. The ultrasonic sensor detects the obstacle and accordingly warns the driver as well as decreases speed of
vehicle [4].
E. Driver Drowsiness Detection System:
One of the major cause of traffic accident is Driver‘s drowsiness. It is a serious highway safety problem. If drivers could be warned
before they became too drowsy to drive safely, some of these crashes could be prevented. In order to reliably detect the drowsiness,
it depends on the presentation of timely warnings of drowsiness [5]. To date, the effectiveness of drowsiness detection methods has
been limited by their failure to consider individual differences. Based on the type of data used, drowsiness detection can be
conveniently separated into the two categories of intrusive and non-intrusive methods [5]. During the survey, non-intrusive methods
detect drowsiness by measuring driving behaviour and sometimes eye features, through which camera based detection system is
the best method and so are useful for real world driving situations [5]. This paper presents the review of existed drowsiness detection
techniques that will be used in this system like Circular Hough Transform, FCM, Lab Color Space etc [5].
III. METHODOLOGY
Each year there are thousands of truck accidents, leading to injuries and fatalities, expensive insurance claims and lengthy traffic
jams as wreckage is cleared. When a commercial truck is involved in a serious accident, the driver is usually the spotlight. Usually
size and weights of trucks requires the driver to be both highly skilled & focused on controlling these multi-ton behemoths. Due to
severity of injuries and property damage commercial truck accidents often produce large claim amounts. One of the most common
fault of the truck driver is their failure in checking blind spots, known in the trucking industries as “no zones”, before turning or
changing lanes. They are on the all four sides of the semi, and many accidents happen when the trucker manoeuvres into the spots
without carefully checking for clearance first. They are operating a dangerous vehicle, driving the rig defensively is part of truckers’
“expanded duty” to protect us.

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Other truck driver errors are similar to those that anyone can make, such as not paying attention to surrounding, speeding, not
knowing routes, exhaustion and driving under the influence of alcohol or drug This project involves controlling accident and saving
driver’s life as well as owner’s problem of compensating every time even if it’s the fault of the driver.
The Driver Drowsiness Alert and Automatic Vehicle Control System (DDAAVCS) consists of Arduino, Alcohol sensor (MQ3),
GSM (SIM900), GPS (UBLOX6MNEO), Eye blink sensor (eye gerber),relay, DC motor (12v 10 rpm),Lcd,Buzzer.

A. Block Diagram:

Fig 2: Block Diagram for Proposed System

IV. REQUIREMENTS

A. Arduino UNO
The Arduino UNO is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed
by arduino. The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion
boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog pins, and programmable with the Arduino IDE
(Integrated Development Environment) via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by a USB cable or by an external 9 volt battery,
though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is also similar to the Arduino Nano and Leonardo. The hardware reference
design is distributed under Common Creative Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the arduino website. Layout
and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available. "UNO" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the
release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0.The UNO board and version 1.0 of arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of
arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The UNO board is the first in a series of USB arduino boards, and the reference model for
the arduino platform. The ATmega328P on the arduino UNO comes pre programmed with a boot loader that allows uploading new
code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol. The UNO
also differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-toserial driver chip. Instead, it uses the
Atmega16U(Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

Fig -3: Arduino Board

B. EYE BLINK SENSOR
Eye blink sensor is the sensor which is used to detect whether the eye is closed or open. There are different ways to detect a drowsy
driver. Here we are using an eye blink sensor. It is an IR based eye blink sensor. It’s working principle is same as IR sensor. If there
is any obstacle detected, the output of sensor changes. In the same way, the output varies based on blink of eye. In this project we
are using an eye blink sensor to know whether the driver is drowsy or alert. If the blinking of eye is repeated for certain period of
time then we consider that the driver is drowsy. This drowsiness can be due to lack of The eye blink sensor used in this project is
Eye Gerber eye blink sensor. It has 3 pins –Vcc (supply) pin, ground pin and a signal pin. The output of this eye blink sensor is a
digital output.

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Figure 4. Eye Blink Sensor

C. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
Global Positioning System or GPS is a satellite navigation system that provides location. GPS is used for tracking or navigation of
ships, vehicles, planes etc. the system gives critical abilities to military and civilian people around the globe. GPS provides
continuous real time, 3- dimensional positioning, navigation and timing worldwide. The working of GPS is based on “trilateration”
principle. The location of user is determined from the distance measured from the satellites. The target location is confirmed by
fourth satellite and the other three satellites are used to trace the location. A GPS system basically consists of satellite, control
station, monitor station and receiver. The GPS receiver takes the information from the satellite and uses this method to determine
the user’s exact location. In this project the GPS module is used to send the location of the driver or vehicle to any of their relatives
through an SMS if any abnormal condition is detected.

Figure 5. GPS Module

D. MQ3 GAS SENSOR:
MQ3 alcohol sensor is a sensor used for estimating blood alcohol content(BAC) from a breath sample. This sensor is sensitive to
alcohol concentration on one’s breath. This sensor is similar to a common breathalyzer. Mq3 alcohol sensor has high sensitivity
and fast response time. The output of this mq3 alcohol sensor is an analog resistive output based on alcohol concentration. This
sensor module has four pins. They are ground, Vcc, digital output pin and an analog output pin. The input voltage required for this
sensor is 3.3-5V.

Figure 6. MQ3 Alcohol Sensor

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E. GSM MODULE

GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications. It is a standard set that was developed by the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe protocols for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by
mobile phones. The technology made it very easy to send and receive messages using GSM module that works on a simple AT
commands which can be implemented by interfacing it to the microcontroller Rx and Tx pins. It requires very less memory to send
and receive text messages and operates on a simple 12 Volt adapter. Sim900 is used in many projects and hence many modifications
of development boards for this hav been developed. These development boards are facilitated with various features to make it easy
to communicate with the SIM900 module.

Figure 7. GSM Module

F. MOTOR DRIVER
L293D is a Motor Driver IC which allows the DC motor to rotate in both clockwise and anti-clockwise direction. L293D is a 16-
pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously. This IC works on the concept of the H-bridge circuit. When a
positive voltage is applied across the motor driver the motor starts rotating in one of the directions and by reversing the voltage the
motor starts rotating in the opposite direction. Hence H-bridge ICs are used for driving a DC motor. In a single L293D chip there
are two H-Bridge circuit inside the IC which can rotate two dc motors independently. Due its size it is used in robotic applications
for controlling DC motors.

Figure 8. Motor Driver

G. 16X2 LCD
16 X 2 LCD is used to display the operating instructions and status of the output. HD44780U is used in the project. The HD44780U
dot-matrix liquid crystal display controller and driver LSI displays alphanumeric, Japanese kana characters, and symbols. It can be
configured to drive a dot-matrix liquid crystal display under the control of a 4- or 8-bit microprocessor. Since all the functions such
as display RAM, character generator, and liquid crystal driver, required for driving a dot-matrix liquid crystal display are internally
provided on one chip, a minimal system can be interfaced with this controller/driver. A single HD44780U can display up to one 8-
character line or two 8-character lines. The HD44780U has pin function compatibility with the HD44780S which allows the user
to easily replace an LCD-II with an HD44780U.
V. RESULTS
This system is designed to senses the condition of the driver (his/her health) and stops the vehicle immediately if an abnormal
condition of the driver is sensed to avoid accidents. In this system a heartbeat sensor, an eye blink sensor, an alcohol sensor and a
respiratory rate sensor are interfaced to an Arduino. If any of these sensors senses an abnormal condition of the driver, the vehicle
automatically slows down and stops. A buzzer is placed in the vehicle which alerts the surrounding vehicles or the passengers inside
the vehicle. At the same time an SMS alert consisting of the location and condition of the driver is sent to the driver’s relatives.

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Figure 9. Flow Chart

The system detects accident from vehicle and send message through GSM module. The message is received by another GSM
module. Google Map Module It displays Google map show u exact location of accident and it details. It gets detail SMS from
accident location. Hence there is small variation in the coordinates, initial value of latitude and longitude are same but fractional
value changes with small difference.

Figure 10. Prototype

VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper we have seen the system designed to reduce accidents caused due to a drowsy driver or drunken driver. So it helps in
saving many lives and as the status of the driver is being updated in a local server, it can be verified from time to time to know the
status or condition of the driver. Purpose of our project is to help solving real life problem in very cost effect way. It alerts the truck
driver as well as the owner of the company. Whenever the driver feels drowsy and closes his eyes for more than a second, the buzzer
is blown. As a result, it alerts the driver. Drowsy driver alert system can be implemented in aeroplanes to alert the pilot if he faces
any abnormal condition is detected. In future they developed android application system will ensure the safety of the old aged
people and reduce risk of physically challenged people by alerting the user fall detection and the abnormal health condition.

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