22

Chapter

Ali Alhammad

&
·

Chapter 22:Electric fields

22.1:Properties ofElectrical charges

22.2:Charging objects byInduction

22.3:Coulomb'slaw:

22.7: Analysis model:Particle in a Field (Electrical)

22.5:Electric Field lines

· 22.6.Motion of a charged particle in a uniform electrical field

&
·

Properties ofElectric charges:

·conservation ofcharge: charge is quantized:N e

conductors: electricalconductsin which some ofthe electrons are free electrons

thatare notbound to atoms and can move relatively freely through the material
electrical insulators
↓
·

Insulators:it's the materials in which all electrons are bound to atoms and
cannot
move freely throughthe material
·semia
inductors:silicon, polycrystalline germanium

charging objects byinduction:

⑤
 A a
-

B B

Aa
-

&

·Electric Forces between charged objects:

.
Coulomb's law:fe ke =

al
·
Ke 8.9876 x10"N.m-/ c
=
·
ke 30=

·
20 0.8542x10c/N.m-
=
·
e 1,60218 x
=

18C

charges and masses of electrons, protons and Neutrons.

-
Particle ·charge (C) Mass (kg)
-

·Electron (e) 1.6021765 x 10"9

-

9.1094x153)
·
Proton (P) 10+9
+ 16021765 x 1.67262x 18
· Neutron (n) ⑧ 1.67493x1827
 xoxCS
el
Fe =

ket (8.988 x10N.m-c)

=

Fe 0.2x158N
=

e
-
ODOT
gamempGaxlotmlkgfaX
coulomb's law in Vector form:
~* putthe signs.
·Ex k9q52 =

·EF, E 5s, + =
+

a) ExB 3EBA =
-
d) E+B 3EpA
=

Sp
b) 1B -
=
Est 2) FB EBA
=

·
D3E = -

EB f)3EAB FBA
=

0.100m
q 25c
=

93 597
=

Sh

9. 552
E2z k 91193) 8.9876x109(x))(5x152) 8.990
=

= =

(0.100)
2

"3 k
a(93) 8.98)6X10X EXOC2_1 N
=

Ex (.2N)(0545 =7.94N
=
Lonothing will happen
->

Fizy (11.2N)Sin 45 7.94N

=
=

·x 7.94N ( 8.99N)
=
+ -
= -

1.05N =
5 (.055 +7.945)N8
= =
fan() -tant(=ay)
·

"Jy 1.94N=
0
+

7.94N-F=SFM) 8N.
=
= =- 82.46
 spa

i i patatadiacetallational-atan
*
T9u =N911

&100
00F8
92
Sq wrong
f

Is the equilibrium point

must be closer to
He smaller charge

* the wingher
shape won'tchange unlessthe

It
alson
-2

· 9
bfg
=FX Tsin8 Fe
= - =
0 -> Tsin8 Fe
=
tanf = => Fe mgtant
=

TCOSO
[Fy TCOSF-mg 0 =>
mg = 1sinf
= =

sinf a
=
= =
=

191:Er
=
lpat notsint) 19.80mlsy
=

fault(21.150m) sin) re
=

191 4.42x185C
=

m
·
analysis model:Particle in a Field (Electric)

·
I

Eg mg
=

electric
E_Ee
field.
-no
general
are
formula.

n.E 9.E =
·

Fe-keqqor E -

Esed
.g = GN
·

Eg mg
=

·
a 1990
=

·
E ke- r
=

·
E kEzr
=

·
e 9.E
=

· Electric force.
th opposite to
q (d) CO, Fe
·if

try to
q (d) O. Fe
·if same
S
&

x s
hb
-
· E =

0 -
onlyfor pointcharges

·
Analysis model:Particle in a Field (Electric):

->
postine
because it has
the same direction as
 Efy 0
=
-
fe fg 0
-
=

=> 9( 1) mg 0
-
-
=

I R q
-
=

mg/z
B
q =
-

Rkg)19.80m/s) =.4.90Xee

E.EntatI-Ketalaand ketalcosO+ keoft

Ex =

E2-e acOSi-beysiets keallsin8-Kefallso

Ey= en

Ex ke EynCOSO Ke eyCOSO
=
+

2KeepCOSO
=

Ey-KealeSino-Kecasino tomy RxY () 1 =

Ex
keaq,=> E=ke a
re
=
Electric Field lines:

- 121
-

E lezzy
=

· the lines indicate the electric field direction

·the stronger the electric field the more lines

E
=
0
will be
presented

& electric field is zero o

line
·line
come

come in
from
out
to -
t

·
the lines never touches /intersect.

·
A, B, C · (zE 0
=

· Motion of a charged particle in Uniform Electric field:

·ET qI m =
=

. = E
 xi) 0 2a (d-0) 2ad
=

v v=+2a(Xf
=
+ =
-

vf Rad Td=
=

Ed
=

W AK =

febX kB =

kA mvf 0
=
=

Uf
=>

sx E)(d) add
= = =

(1.6 x 10*()(200NK)
ay
= -

E =

9.11
-
=-
3.51x10m/s
x 18
Kg

xf xi Vxt t x
=
+
=
=

xi ,t 0 oOm 3.33x18s
=
=
=

yf yi V,it tayt
=
+
+

yf 0 0 t(- 3.31x10m/5) (3.33 x100s) 0.0193m=5cm

=
+
=
+ = =
 Assessing to Learn
The diagrams below show two uniformly charged spheres. The
charge on the right sphere is 3 times as large as the charge on the
left sphere. Which force diagram best represents the magnitudes
and directions of the electric forces on the two spheres?
1. ·
we are
asking about
the electric force and
2. we know that it's own
action and reaction
3.
method.
4.
5. ⑥ itmustbe an equal force.
 Assessing to Learn
The diagrams below show two uniformly charged spheres. The charge on the
right sphere is 3 times as large as the charge on the left sphere. Each arrow
represents the electric field at the center of one sphere created by the other.
Which choice best represents the magnitudes and directions of the electric field
vectors created by one sphere at the location of the other sphere?
1. Here theyare
·

asking
aboutthe electric field
2. and notthe force
3.
4.
5.
 Assessing to Learn
All charged rods have the same length and the same
linear charge density (+ or -). Light rods are positively
charged, and dark rods are negatively charged. For which
arrangement below would the magnitude of the electric
field at the origin be largest?
0
=

*E
# #
↑

1. 2. 3. 4.
*
->
&A
**
a *
+ # -
A
= 0 0
=

5. 6. 7. 8. Impossible
+ #
to determine
+
-

-
↳d
+

- a &
#
t
#
* y
-

j
- -
 Assessing to Learn
Two uniformly charged rods are positioned horizontally as
shown. The top rod is positively charged and the bottom rod
is negatively charged. The total electric field at the origin:
1. is zero. no,it has an electric field
2. has both a non-zero x component and a non-
zero y component.
3. points totally in the +x direction.
4. points totally in the –x direction.
5. points totally in the +y direction
6. points totally in the –y direction.
7. points in a direction impossible to determine - - -

without doing a lot of math.

 Assessing to Learn
Where, other than at infinity, is the electric field 0
in the vicinity of the dipole shown?
1. Along the y-axis.
2. At the origin.
3. At two points, one to the right of (a, 0), the
other to the left of (−a, 0).
4. At two points on the y-axis, one below
.
owethe
have

x isl
origin, one above the origin.
5. None of the above.
 Assessing to Learn
Two point charges are fixed on the x-axis. Imagine
moving a positive charge from point P to the origin
along the different paths shown in the diagram. For
which path would you do the most work?
1. Path A
2. Path B
3. Path C
4. Path D
5. Cannot be determined
6. None of the above
 Assessing to Learn

For the following situations consider moving a positive

charge from very far away to the origin along the y-
axis. For which situation would you do the most work?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A&C
6. None of the above.
7. Cannot be determined
 Assessing to Learn
A uniform spherical volume distribution of charge has
radius R and total charge Q. A point charge −q is
released from rest at point b, which is a distance 3R
from the center of the distribution. When the point
charge reaches a, which of the following is true
regarding the total energy E?
1. Ea = −Eb 2. Ea = −2Eb/3
3. Ea = −3Eb/2 4. Ea = −9Eb/4
5. Ea = Eb 6. Ea = 2Eb/3
7. Ea = 3Eb/2 8. Ea = 9Eb/4
9. None of the above
10. Cannot be determined
 Assessing to Learn
True or false: it is possible to have the electric field be
zero at some point is space and the electric potential be
non-zero at that same point.
·