Original Article

Manikandan et al. 2015 ISSN: 2349 - 4891

ISSN: 2349 – 4891

International
Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies
(Multidisciplinary Open Access Refereed e-Journal)

Correlations of Biomechanical Characteristics with Ball Speed in Penalty Corner Push-In

Influence of Vethathiri Maharishi’s Yoga Techniques on Selected Hematological Variables among
Diabetic Patients
N. Manikandan & Dr.K.Chandrasekaran
1
Ph.D., Research Scholar, Department of Yoga, Tamilnadu Physical Education and Sports University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
2
CHAIR PERSON, School of Education, Professor & Head, Department of Physical Education, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.

Received 1st May 2015, Accepted 1st August 2015

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to find out the influence of vethathri maharishi’s yoga techniques on selected
psychological variables among diabetic patients. To achieve the purpose of the present study, forty five diabetic patients
those who are working in Vidyaa Vikas Educational Institutions, Tiruchengodu, Tamilnadu, India were selected as subjects
at random and their ages ranged from 35 to 45 years. The subjects were divided into three equal groups of fifteen subjects
each. Group I acted as Experimental Group I (Kayakalpa Yoga with Meditation), Group II acted as Experimental Group II
(Simplified Kundalini Yoga with Meditation) and Group III acted as Control Group. Hematological variables such as RBC,
fasting plasma glucose and post prandial plasma glucose were assessed in lab. The duration of experimental period was 12
weeks. The three groups were statistically analysed by using analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA). In case of significance of
mean difference was observed on the criterion measure, as a post – hoc test, the Scheffe’s test was applied to find out which
pair of group is high among the others. The result of the study reveals that there was a significant improvement in the
experimental groups on selected hematological variables when compared to the control group after the completion of
twelve weeks of kayakalpa yoga with meditation and simplified kundalini yoga with meditation.

Keywords: Kayakalpa, Simplified Kundalini Yoga, Diabetes.

© Copy Right, IJRRAS, 2015. All Rights Reserved.

Introduction Yoga (SKY) meditation, which is a unique technique to

According to Vethathiri Maharishi (2002), man calm your mind by connecting it with your life energy. It
is a unique figure in the manifestation of the Universe. is simple, systematic, and safe, which enables a person to
Maharishi is supreme among all the living beings on go within and progress spiritually. Blessings are given at
earth because of gifted with the sixth sense that is the end of the meditation as autosuggestions to help an
potential of self realization. Due sensual intoxication, individual to harmonize relationships and interactions
man forgets his true nature. Maharishi succumbs to with others. (c) Introspection practices are taught for
emotions such as greed, anger, miserliness, immoral personality development and to deal with day-to-day life
sexual passion, inferiority or Superiority complex and situations, such as analyzing thoughts, streamlining
Vengeance. When Maharishi thinks, speaks and acts in desires, neutralizing anger, eradicating worries, and
this condition, he creates troubles, pains and miseries to realizing Self, (d) Kaya Kalpa literally means body
himself and others. All such pain producing is called immortal. It offers a simple and powerful practice to
sins. All his deeds, enjoyment and experience are maintain health and youthfulness, and to withstand the
imprinted in him and they condition his character and aging process.
qualities. Manavalakalai yoga provides all benefits in Diabetes is one of the major health problems
both spiritual and material aspects of man. Therefore this affecting about 5% of Indian population. Complications
yoga is a well balanced and perfect process for success involved in management of diabetes and increasing
and peace in life. prevalence of diabetes every year have been emphasized
Vethathiri Maharishi developed a complete on the need for efficient control. Diet control, exercises
system of practices for the self. (a) Simplified physical and meditation with insulin or antiglycettmic drug are
exercises that are designed to balance the circulations of the presently available treatment procedures. Stress
blood, heat, air, and life energy and to keep the body fit management is also important in preventing the onset as
without any stress or strain. People of all ages can well as controlling diabetes. Yoga includes moderate
practice and benefit from them, (b) Simplified Kundilini exercise, diet restriction, relaxation techniques etceteras,
is a very good stress management system. Yoga brings
Correspondence harmony in body and mind, and keeps the person health,
Dr.K.Chandrasekaran both physically and mentally. Literature survey indicates
E-mail: [email protected], Ph. +9194435 74296 that effective control of diabetes; both Insulin Dependent

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International Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies, Volume 2,Issue 8 (2) August 2015
Manikandan et al. 2015 ISSN: 2349 – 4891

Diabetes Mellitus and Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Educational Institutions, Tiruchengodu, Tamilnadu, India
Mellitus can be achieved by yoga practice, which can be were selected as subjects at random and their ages
explored by further experimental researches. The science ranged from 35 to 45 years. The subjects were divided
of yoga is an ancient one. It is a rich heritage of our into three equal groups of fifteen subjects each. Group I
culture. Several older books make a mention of the acted as Experimental Group I (Kayakalpa Yoga with
usefulness of yoga in the treatment of certain diseases Meditation), Group II acted as Experimental Group II
and preservation of health in normal individuals. The (Simplified Kundalini Yoga with Meditation) and Group
effect of yogic practices on the management of diabetes III acted as Control Group. Hematological variables such
has not been investigated well. It was carried out well as RBC, fasting plasma glucose and post prandial plasma
designed studies in normal individuals and those with glucose were assessed in lab. The duration of
diabetes to assess the role of yogic practices on experimental period was 12 weeks. The three groups
glycaemic control, insulin kinetics, body composition were statistically analysed by using analysis of co-
exercise tolerance and various co-morbidities like variance (ANCOVA). In case of significance of mean
hypertension and dyslipidemia. difference was observed on the criterion measure, as a
post – hoc test, the Scheffe’s test was applied to find out
Methodology which pair of group is high among the others.
The purpose of the study was to find out the
influence of vethathri maharishi’s yoga techniques on Results and Discussion
selected psychological variables among diabetic patients. The detailed procedure of analysis of data and
To achieve the purpose of the present study, forty five interpretation were given below,
diabetic patients those who are working in Vidyaa Vikas

Table I. Computation of analysis of covariance of mean of kayakalpa yoga with meditation, sky yoga with meditation and
control groups on RBC

Source of Sum of Means

KYWMG SKYWMG CG df F-ratio
Variance Squares Squares
Pre-Test BG 0.08 2 0.04 1.92
4.39 4.42 4.31
Means WG 0.90 42 0.02
Post-Test BG 5.35 2 2.67 225.85*
5.06 5.10 4.35
Means WG 0.49 42 0.01
Adjusted BG 4.97 2 2.48 205.79*
Post-Test 5.06 5.10 4.35
Means WG 0.49 41 0.01
* Significant at 0.05 level

An examination of table - I indicated that the for the degree of freedom 2 and 42. This proved that the
pre test means of kayakalpa yoga with meditation, sky differences between the post test means of the subjects
yoga with meditation and control groups were 4.39, 4.42 were significant. The adjusted post-test means of the
and 4.31 respectively. The obtained F-ratio for the pre- kayakalpa yoga with meditation, sky yoga with
test was 1.92 and the table F-ratio was 3.22. Hence the meditation and control groups were 5.06, 5.10 and 4.35
pre-test mean F-ratio was insignificant at 0.05 level of respectively. The obtained F-ratio for the adjusted post-
confidence for the degree of freedom 2 and 42. This test means was 205.79 and the table F-ratio was 3.23.
proved that there were no significant difference between Hence the adjusted post-test mean F-ratio was significant
the experimental and control groups indicating that the at 0.05 level of confidence for the degree of freedom 2
process of randomization of the groups was perfect while and 41. This proved that there was a significant
assigning the subjects to groups. The post-test means of difference among the means due to the experimental
the kayakalpa yoga with meditation, sky yoga with trainings on RBC. Since significant differences were
meditation and control groups were 5.06, 5.10 and 4.35 recorded, the results were subjected to post hoc analysis
respectively. The obtained F-ratio for the post-test was using Scheffe’s post hoc test. The results were presented
225.85 and the table F-ratio was 3.22. Hence post-test in Table-II.
mean F-ratio was significant at 0.05 level of confidence

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International Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies, Volume 2,Issue 8 (2) August 2015
Manikandan et al. 2015 ISSN: 2349 – 4891

Table II. The scheffe’s test for the differences between the adjusted post test paired means on RBC

Adjusted Post-test means

Mean Difference Required CI
KYWMG SKYWMG CG
5.06 5.10 --- 0.04
5.06 --- 4.35 0.71* 0.09
--- 5.10 4.35 0.75*
* Significant at 0.05 level

The multiple comparisons showed in Table II with meditation (0.04) at 0.05 level of confidence with
proved that there existed significant differences between the confidence interval value of 0.09. The pre, post and
the adjusted means of kayakalpa yoga with meditation adjusted means on RBC were presented through bar
and control group (0.71), sky yoga with meditation and diagram for better understanding of the results of this
control group (0.75). There was no significant difference study in Figure-I.
between kayakalpa yoga with meditation and sky yoga

Figure I. Pre post and adjusted post test differences of the, kayakalpa yoga with meditation, sky yoga with meditation and
control groups on RBC

5.2 5.1 5.1

5.06 5.06
5

4.8
in mill./cu.mm

4.6
4.39 4.42
4.4 4.35 4.35
4.31

4.2

3.8
KYWMG SKYWMG CG
Pre Test Means Post Test Means Adjusted Means

Table III. Computation of analysis of covariance of mean of kayakalpa yoga with meditation, sky yoga with meditation
and control groups on fasting plasma glucose

Source of Sum of Means

KYWMG SKYWMG CG df F-ratio
Variance Squares Squares
Pre-Test BG 261.73 2 130.86 1.18
243.86 240.33 246.20
Means WG 4629.467 42 110.22
Post-Test BG 28797.73 2 14398.86 84.11*
189.00 195.13 245.46
Means WG 7189.46 42 171.17
Adjusted BG 28441.61 2 14220.80 81.92*
Post-Test 189.05 194.74 245.80
Means WG 7117.03 41 173.58
* Significant at 0.05 level

An examination of table - III indicated that the 240.33 and 246.20 respectively. The obtained F-ratio for
pre test means of kayakalpa yoga with meditation, sky the pre-test was 1.18 and the table F-ratio was 3.22.
yoga with meditation and control groups were 243.86, Hence the pre-test mean F-ratio was insignificant at 0.05

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International Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies, Volume 2,Issue 8 (2) August 2015
Manikandan et al. 2015 ISSN: 2349 – 4891

level of confidence for the degree of freedom 2 and 42. post-test means of the kayakalpa yoga with meditation,
This proved that there were no significant difference sky yoga with meditation and control groups were
between the experimental and control groups indicating 189.05, 194.74 and 245.80 respectively. The obtained F-
that the process of randomization of the groups was ratio for the adjusted post-test means was 81.92 and the
perfect while assigning the subjects to groups. The post- table F-ratio was 3.23. Hence the adjusted post-test mean
test means of the kayakalpa yoga with meditation, sky F-ratio was significant at 0.05 level of confidence for the
yoga with meditation and control groups were 189.00, degree of freedom 2 and 41. This proved that there was a
195.13 and 245.46 respectively. The obtained F-ratio for significant difference among the means due to the
the post-test was 84.11 and the table F-ratio was 3.22. experimental trainings on fasting plasma glucose. Since
Hence the post-test mean F-ratio was significant at 0.05 significant differences were recorded, the results were
level of confidence for the degree of freedom 2 and 42. subjected to post hoc analysis using Scheffe’s post hoc
This proved that the differences between the post test test. The results were presented in Table-IV.
means of the subjects were significant. The adjusted

Table IV. The scheffe’s test for the differences between the adjusted post test paired means on fasting plasma glucose

Adjusted Post-test means

Mean Difference Required CI
KYWMG SKYWMG CG
189.05 194.74 --- 5.69
189.05 --- 245.80 56.75* 12.22
--- 194.74 245.80 51.10*
* Significant at 0.05 level

The multiple comparisons showed in Table IV sky yoga with meditation (5.69) at 0.05 level of
proved that there existed significant differences between confidence with the confidence interval value 12.22. The
the adjusted means of kayakalpa yoga with meditation pre, post and adjusted means on fasting plasma glucose
and control group (56.75), sky yoga with meditation and were presented through bar diagram for better
control group (51.10). There was no significant understanding of the results of this study in Figure-II.
difference between kayakalpa yoga with meditation and

Figure II. Pre post and adjusted post test differences of the, kayakalpa yoga with meditation, sky yoga with meditation and
control groups on fasting plasma glucose

300

243.86 240.33 246.2245.46 245.8

250

189 189.05 195.13194.74

200
In mg/dl

150

100

50

0
KYWMG SKYWMG CG
Pre Test Means Post Test Means Adjusted Means

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International Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies, Volume 2,Issue 8 (2) August 2015
Manikandan et al. 2015 ISSN: 2349 – 4891

Table V. Computation of analysis of covariance of mean of kayakalpa yoga with meditation, sky yoga with meditation and
control groups on post prandial plasma glucose

Source of Sum of Means

KYWMG SKYWMG CG df F-ratio
Variance Squares Squares
Pre-Test BG 352.31 2 176.15 0.69
307.93 306.66 301.46
Means WG 10584.00 42 252.00
Post-Test BG 51326.17 2 25663.08 104.77*
229.33 225.53 299.00
Means WG 10287.06 42 244.93
Adjusted BG 49346.91 2 24673.45 98.60*
Post-Test 229.46 225.60 298.79
Means WG 10258.79 41 250.21
* Significant at 0.05 level

An examination of table - V indicated that the level of confidence for the degree of freedom 2 and 42.
pre test means of kayakalpa yoga with meditation, sky This proved that the differences between the post test
yoga with meditation and control groups were 307.93, means of the subjects were significant. The adjusted
306.66 and 301.46 respectively. The obtained F-ratio for post-test means of the kayakalpa yoga with meditation,
the pre-test was 0.69 and the table F-ratio was 3.22. sky yoga with meditation and control groups were
Hence the pre-test mean F-ratio was insignificant at 0.05 229.46, 225.60 and 298.79 respectively. The obtained F-
level of confidence for the degree of freedom 2 and 42. ratio for the adjusted post-test means was 98.60 and the
This proved that there were no significant difference table F-ratio was 3.23. Hence the adjusted post-test mean
between the experimental and control groups indicating F-ratio was significant at 0.05 level of confidence for the
that the process of randomization of the groups was degree of freedom 2 and 41. This proved that there was a
perfect while assigning the subjects to groups. The post- significant difference among the means due to the
test means of the kayakalpa yoga with meditation, sky experimental trainings on post prandial plasma glucose.
yoga with meditation and control groups were 229.33, Since significant differences were recorded, the results
225.53 and 229.00 respectively. The obtained F-ratio for were subjected to post hoc analysis using Scheffe’s post
the post-test was 104.77 and the table F-ratio was 3.22. hoc test. The results were presented in Table-VI.
Hence the post-test mean F-ratio was significant at 0.05

Table VI. The scheffe’s test for the differences between the adjusted post test paired means on post prandial plasma glucose

Adjusted Post-test means

Mean Difference Required CI
KYWMG SKYWMG CG
229.46 225.60 --- 3.86
229.46 --- 298.79 69.33* 14.68
--- 225.60 298.79 73.20*
* Significant at 0.05 level

The multiple comparisons showed in Table VI sky yoga with meditation (3.86) at 0.05 level of
proved that there existed significant differences between confidence with the confidence interval value of 14.68.
the adjusted means of kayakalpa yoga with meditation The pre, post and adjusted means on post prandial
and control group (69.33), sky yoga with meditation and plasma glucose were presented through bar diagram for
control group (73.20). There was no significant better understanding of the results of this study in
difference between kayakalpa yoga with meditation and Figure-III.

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International Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies, Volume 2,Issue 8 (2) August 2015
 Manikandan et al. 2015 ISSN: 2349 – 4891

Figure III. Pre post and adjusted post test differences of the, kayakalpa yoga with meditation, sky yoga with meditation
and control groups on post prandial plasma glucose

350
307.93 306.66 301.46 299 298.79
300

250 229.33 229.46 225.53 225.6

200
In mg/dl

150

100

50

0
KYWMG SKYWMG CG
Pre Test Means Post Test Means Adjusted Means

Conclusions 2. Annamalai, S. (2013). Effect of manavalakalai

In the light of the study undertaken with certain yogic practices on selected physiological and
limitations imposed by the experimental conditions, the psychological variables among men cancer patients.
following conclusions were drawn. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Tamilnadu Physical
1. The result of the study reveals that there was a Education and Sports University, Chennai,
significant improvement in the experimental groups Tamilnadu.
on selected hematological variables when compared 3. Vethathiri Maharishi (2000). Vethathirian
to the control group after the completion of twelve Principles of Truth, Erode, Vethathiri Publications.
weeks of kayakalpa yoga with meditation and 4. Vethathiri Maharishi (2008). Kaya Kalpa Yoga,
simplified kundalini yoga with meditation. Erode, Vethathiri Publications.
2. The result also reveals that simplified kundalini 5. Vethathiri Maharishi (2009). Journey of
yoga with meditation group showed better Consciousness, Erode, Vethathiri Publications.
improvement in RBC and post prandial plasma 6. Vethathiri Maharishi (2009). Yoga for Modern Age,
glucose than the other groups. Erode, Vethathiri Publications.
3. The result also reveals that kayakalpa yoga with 7. Vethathiri, Maharishi (1997). Simplified Physical
meditation showed better improvement in fasting Exercise, Erode, Vethathiri Publications.
plasma glucose than the other groups. 8. Vethathiri, Maharishi (2000). Kundalini Yoga ,
Erode, Vethathiri Publications.
References 9. Vethathiri, Maharishi (2001). Five Steps for
1. Aardorai (2013). Effect of kayakalpa exercise by Realization of Truth, Erode, Vethathiri Publications.
vethathiri maharishi on selected psychological and 10. Vethathiri, Maharishi (2002). Manavalakalai – I,
bio-chemical variables among diabetes men. Erode, Vethathiri Publicaitons.
Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Tamilnadu Physical 11. Vethathiri, Maharishi (2004). Highlights of
Education and Sports University, Chennai, Vethathiri Model of Unified Force, Erode,
Tamilnadu. Vethathiri Publications.

Please cite this article as: N. Manikandan & Dr.K.Chandrasekaran. Influence of Vethathiri Maharishi’s Yoga Techniques on
Selected Hematological Variables among Diabetic Patients. International Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies, 10
2015, International
2, 8(2), 5 - Journal
10. of Recent Research and Applied Studies, Volume 2,Issue 8 (2) August 2015