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Lab 9

The document describes an experiment to automate a double acting cylinder using limit switches. Limit switches are electromechanical devices that detect when an object contacts the actuator to make or break an electrical connection. A 5/2 directional control valve with five ports and two positions was used to control the flow of pressurized air to the double acting cylinder based on signals from two limit switches. The experiment demonstrated how the limit switches could automatically control the motion of the double acting cylinder by signaling the directional control valve.

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Fazail Bangash
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62 views

Lab 9

The document describes an experiment to automate a double acting cylinder using limit switches. Limit switches are electromechanical devices that detect when an object contacts the actuator to make or break an electrical connection. A 5/2 directional control valve with five ports and two positions was used to control the flow of pressurized air to the double acting cylinder based on signals from two limit switches. The experiment demonstrated how the limit switches could automatically control the motion of the double acting cylinder by signaling the directional control valve.

Uploaded by

Fazail Bangash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jalozai Campus, University of

Engineering and Technology Peshawar


Name Section

Registration Number Lab Session Number

Experiment Title: Automation of double acting cylinder using limit switches


Objective: The objective of this experiment is to study Limit switches and understand the use
of limit switches in controlling double acting cylinder.

Background data:
LIMIT SWITCHES
A limit switch is an electromechanical device operated by a physical force applied to it by an
object. Limit switches are used to detect the presence or absence of an object. These switches
were originally used to define the limit of travel of an object, and as a result, they were
named Limit Switch.

LIMIT SWITCHES APPLICATIONS


Limit switches are used in many daily life applications such as ;
 A limit switch is used to detect if the fridge door is open or closed.
 On many overhead garage doors, there is a limit switch that stops the movement of the
door when it reaches its fully opened position.

WORKING
Limit switches are electromechanical devices consisting of an actuator mechanically linked to an
electrical switch. When an object contacts the actuator, the switch will operate causing an
electrical connection to make or break.

Directional control valves: Directional control valves (DCVs) are one of the most fundamental
parts of hydraulic and pneumatic systems. DCVs allow fluid flow (hydraulic oil, water or air)

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into different paths from one or more sources. DCVs will usually consist of a spool inside a
cylinder which is mechanically or electrically actuated. The position of the spool restricts or
permits flow, thus it controls the fluid flow.
Classification: Directional control valves can be classified according to:
 Number of ports
 Number of positions
 Actuating methods
 Type of spool
Example: A 5/2 directional control valve would have five ports and two spool positions.
Ports are located on the manifold to which the directional control valve is mounted, and are used
as connection points to the system. Typically, the ports or labelled with a single letter:
P, pressure, or supply
Supply of high-pressure working fluid to be supplied to actuator by the valve.
T, tank, drain, or return
Working fluid from actuator returned to be repressurised from the valve.
A, actuator
Working fluid through the valve for the action of the actuator.
B, actuator, opposing
Working fluid through the valve to opposing action of actuator.
X, external operation
Working fluid to operate the valve.
Y, external operation, opposing
Working fluid to operate the valve in opposition, or to return to pilot valve.
3/2-way directional control push button: A 3/2-way valve has three ports and two positions
that can be driven pneumatically, mechanically, manually or electrically via a solenoid valve.
They are used, for example, to control a single-action cylinder, driving pneumatic actuators,
blow-off, pressure release and vacuum applications. A valve is used to fill the cylinder, and also
to exhaust it afterwards, so that a new working stroke can be realized.

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The 3/2-way pneumatic valve has three connection ports and two states. The three ports are:
 inlet (P, 1),
 outlet (A, 2)
 exhaust (R, 3)
5/2 DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE:
The 5/2-way pneumatic valve has five connection ports and two states. It has one pressure port
(P,1), two ports (A,2) and (B,4) that connect to the device that needs to be controlled, and two
exhaust ports (EA,3) and (EB,5). The two states of the valve are:
a. Pressure port (P,1) connects to port (A,2), while port (B,4) vents through exhaust port
(EB,5)
b. Pressure port (P,1) connects to port (B,4), while port (A,2) vents through port (EA,3).

PROCEDURE
1. First we connect tubes in which pressurized air flow according to the circuit diagram
2. Power is given to two limit switches.
3. One of the limit switch was connected to one coil of a 5/2 directional control valve while
the second limit switch was connected to the other coil of DCV.
4. From the outputs of 5/2 directional control valve one connection is given to one end of
the double acting cylinder and the other is given to the other end.
5. We powered on the compressor to build air pressure in the trainer.
6. Once the pressure is built in the compressor is switched off and the trainer is switched on.
7. We tested the circuit and motion of double acting cylinder and how it is automatically
controlled by limit switches.
8. After examining the controlling off double acting cylinder movement by 5/2 directional
control valve we powered off the trainer and removed the connections.

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Connections on the Trainer :

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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Discussion and Conclusion:

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