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Report Title:

CLOUD
COMPUTING
TECHNOLOGIES

QUAID I AZAM UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Institute of Information Technology(IIT)

SUBMITTED BY:

Unati Dadlani (04161913049)

SUBMITTED TO:

Sir Anwar Ahmad

DATED:

May 14-2021
 Table Of Contents

“Cloud Computing Technologies”

1. Introduction 02
 Cloud Computing
 Examples Of Cloud Computing

2. Cloud Computing Work 03

 Cloud Computing Architecture

3. Cloud Computing Models 04

 Cloud Services Model

 Software as a Service (SaaS)
 Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

 Cloud Deployment Model

 Public Cloud
 Private Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud
 Community Cloud

4. Cloud Computing Technologies 07

 Virtualization
 Service Oriented Architecture
 Grid Computing
 Utility Computing

5. Benefits of Cloud Computing Technologies 08

6. Conclusion 09

7. References 09

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 INTRODUCTION

Cloud Computing:
Definition: A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared
pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction. {1}

In simple words, Cloud computing is a emerging field due to its low cost, high availability,
performance. It offers a variety of online services. These resources include tools and applications
like data storage, servers, databases, networking, and software. Cloud based storage makes it
easy and convenient for users to store files in an inaccessible database instead of storing files on
a local storage device and on a hard drive. Furthermore, Cloud computing can be a popular
choice for individuals and businesses for various reasons including cost savings, increased
productivity, speed and efficiency and security.

Examples of Cloud Computing:

Examples of cloud computing depend on the type of cloud computing services being provided.

1: File Sharing and Data Storage

 Drop Box
 Google Drive
 One Note

2: Big Data Analysis

 Civis Analytics

3: Data Governance

 Carbonite

4: Cyber Security

 Forcepoint

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Cloud Computing Work:
To understand how a cloud system works, it is easy to divide it into two sections:

1) Front End
2) Back End

Front End works as a client in such architecture and communicates with the Back End via
network or internet. In the cloud computing architecture, the client side or Front End is visible to
the end-user. The Front End sends queries to the Back End via the middleware. The Back End
protects the data and respond to the queries asked by the Front End.

Cloud Computing Architecture

Cloud Computing includes two types of models given below:

1) Cloud Sevices Model

2) Cloud Deployment Model

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Cloud Services Model:
As we know Cloud computing is the delivery of on demand IT resources over the internet. The
companies that provide these computing services are called Cloud Service Providers (CSPs).
The wide range of services offered by cloud computing companies can be divided into three
basic types:

1) Software a service (Saas)

2) Platform as a service (Paas)

3) Infrastructure as a service (Iaas)

1: Software as a service (SaaS):

Software as a service (SaaS) is a model or service that delivers software applications over the
internet. These applications are often reffered to as web services. SaaS is a third party application
that has no physical connection to any single device. It allows the user to access data on any
device with an internet connection and a web browser instead of installing software on the user's
computer.{1}
Software as a service has many applications such as:

1) Salesforce.com
2) Microsoft Office 365
3) Concur
4) Google Apps
5) Amazon Web Services

2: Platform as a service (PaaS):

Platform as a service (PaaS) is a model that provides set of services to the supply of on demand
tools for developing, testing, delivering, and managing software applications. It is used for
general software development. A PaaS cloud provides useful software building blocks, including
a various development tools, such as programming languages, run time environments, and other
tools that assist in deploying new applications. {1}
Platform as a service has many applications such as:

1) Heroku
2) Microsoft Azure
3) Google App Engine
4) Sales Force Lightning
5) IBM Cloud Foundry

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3: Infrastructure as a service ((IaaS):
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a model that contains the most basic building blocks for
Cloud infrastructure and offers services at its core such as renting IT infrastructure (virtual or
physical) and networking features. It provides virtual machines and other abstracted
abs hardware
and operating systems, which can be controlled using application programming interface (API).
A user pays for computing services on IaaS because it is the fundamental platform to build new
technologies.{1}
Infrastructure as a service has many
any applications such as:

1) AWS EC2
2) Rackspace
3) Digital Ocean
4) Server Central
5) Linode

Cloud Deployment Model

Model:
It works like your virtual computer environment with the choice of deployment model depending
on how much data you want to store and who hahas access to the infrastructure.

NIST defines four cloud deployment models: {2}

1) Public Cloud
2) Private Cloud
3) Hybrid Cloud
4) Community Cloud

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1: Public Cloud:
Public cloud can be used by the general public anyone can use it and some payment may be
need. Public clouds require significant investment and are often managed by large companies
such as Microsoft, Google or Amazon.

2: Private Cloud:
In contrast to the public cloud, a private cloud service is limited to a group of people like staff
and company. St Andrewss Cloud Computing Co Co-laboratory8
laboratory8 and Concur Technologies are
example organizations with private clouds.
clouds.{3}

3: Hybrid Cloud:
Hybrid clouds include public and private cloud models allowing data and applications to be
shared between them. They can help to pro
provide on-demand, externally provisioned scale.Hybrid
scale.
clouds allow cloud bursting to occur
occur, which is where a private cloud can burst out to a public
cloud when it needs more resources.

4: Community Cloud:
Community Cloud is a hybrid form of private cloud
cloud. This is a special cloud to use the features of
cloud computing. More than one community shares a cloud to share and reduce computer system
costs. Cloud storage provides the most benefits for users.

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Cloud Computing Technologies:
There are some different innovations of cloud computing given below:

1) Virtualization
2) Service Oriented Architecture
3) Grid Computing
4) Utility Computing

1:Virtualization:
Virtualization is a key enabling technology for Cloud Computing as it enables a more efficient
and flexible use of resources. Virtualization represents a foundational element of Cloud for its
multitudinous benefits such as flexibility, isolation, high resource utilization rate and so on.

There are four types of Virtualization:

1) Hardware Virtualization: It is used for the server platform because controlling a virtual
machine is easier than controlling a physical server.

2) Operationg System Virtualization: It is done for testing the applications on various

platforms of OS.

3) Server Virtualization: It is used when single physical server is divided into multiple
servers for balancing the load on demand basis.

4) Storage Virtualization: It is used for back-up and recovery purposes.

2: Service Oriented Architecture:

Service Oriented Architecture is the latest technology in cloud computing that refers to an online
architecture that supports a collection of services. It allows organizations to access on
demand cloud based computing solutions depending on the changing needs of the business. It
can work with or without cloud computing. The advantages of using Service Oriented
Architecture are that it is easy to maintain, platform independent, and highly scalable.

3: Grid Computing:
One of the other technologies used in cloud computing is grid computing. It is the process
integrating various computer resources from multiple locations to achieve a common objective.
Grid system are designed for sharing of resources through distributed and large-scale cluster

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computing. The computing resources within the grid communicate with each other and work
together to solve the problem.

4: Utility Computing:
Utility computing provides on demand computing resources (computation, storage, and
programming services via API) and infrastructure based on the pay per use method. Users can
subscribe to preferred services and only pay for those services without undertaking a massive
initial expenditure. It reduces associated costs and increases efficiency of resources. Large
organizations such as Google and Amazon developed their own utility services for computing
storage and application.

Benefits Of Cloud Computing Technologies:

1) Scalabilty: Cloud Computing Technologies possesses high scalabilty as many users can
be given access to services without human intervention or logistical problems.

2) Accessbility: Most cloud computing technology such as Office 365 or Netflix are
designed to make these services more accessible to all. With a good internet connection
and a compatible device, people can access their registered services anywhere in the
world.

3) Reliable: Most cloud computing services are very reliable and rarely suffer from
downtime or service interruptions. Most of the services come with customer support and
help to make sure that every customer can get the benefit from the paid services.

4) Cost Effective: One of the most important advantages is the low cost of computer
technology. Businesses and users save a lot of resources by not spending money on
infrastructure setup to install, use and maintain software. Users can immediately pay for
the services they use.

5) Share Infrastructure: Millions of users use the same services offered by a particular
business by sharing servers with software infrastructure set up by the service providers
themselves.

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 Conclusion

Cloud Computing is the fastest growing part of network based computing. It has a unique feature
as broad network access where wide resources like storage and virtual machines can be accessed
easily with the mobile phone, personal laptops, and computers. Hence it can be easily accessed at
any time. Like everything else, cloud computing has its advantages and disadvantages. Despite
its disadvantages and the fact that it is still in its infancy, cloud computing remains strong and
powerful for the future. Its user base is constantly growing and many more players are attracted
to it, offering better services and solutions. We can only hope that advantages will continue to
grow and that disadvantages will be reduced. Cloud Computing offers some real alternatives to
IT departments for flexibility development and cost reduction. It is the best way to to spread your
resources and make it easy to access things from afar.

References

{1}Stallings, W. (2016). Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing for

Performance. Harlow, Essex: Prentice Hall Press.

{2}Castrillo, D. R. (2013). The Basics of Cloud Computing: Understanding the Fundamentals

of Cloud Computing in Theory and Practice.

{3}IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP) Volume 5, Issue 6, Ver. I (Nov -
Dec. 2015), PP 58-62 e-ISSN: 2319 – 4200, p-ISSN No. : 2319 – 4197

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