European Union Aviation Safety Agency User Guide

Non Destructive Testing qualification User Doc # UG.CAO.00161-001

Guide Approval Date 23/09/2022

Foreign Part-145 approvals – NDT qualification

UG.CAO.0161-001

Name Validation Date

Prepared by: Rosa Tajes Validated 23/09/2022

Verified by: Lorenzo Pellegrini Validated 23/09/2022

Reviewed by: Dominique Perron Validated 23/09/2022

Approved by: Karl specht Validated 23/09/2022

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Non Destructive Testing qualification User Doc # UG.CAO.00161-001
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DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET

Reference documents

a) Contextual documents
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2153 - Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2153 of 16
December 2019 - on the fees and charges levied by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and repealing
Regulation (EU) No 319/2014.
Commission Regulation (EU) 1321/2014 - Commission Regulation (EU) of 26 November 2014 on the continuing
airworthiness of aircraft and aeronautical products, parts and appliances, and on the approval of organisations and
personnel involved in these tasks
ED Decision 2015/029/R - ED Decision 2015/029/R of 17 December 2015 issuing acceptable means of compliance and
guidance material to Part-M, Part-145, Part-66 and Part-147 of Regulation (EU) N°1321/2014 and repealing Decision
2003/19/RM of the ED of the Agency of 28 November 2003.
MB Decision 01-2017 - Decision of the Management Board of 13 June 2017 repealing MB Decision 01-2011 on
guidelines for the allocation of certification tasks to National Aviation Authorities and Qualified Entities
Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 - Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2018
on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and amending
Regulations (EC) No 2111/2005, (EC) No 1008/2008.
EN4179:2017 Aerospace series- Qualification and approval of personnel for non-destructive testing

b) Internal documents
UG.CAO.00024 - User guide for maintenance organisation exposition
UG.CAO.00126 - Components, engines and APU certifying staff
WI.CAO.00115 - Management Personnel & EASA Form 4 Instructions
UG.CAO.00128 - Demonstration of 6/24 months maintenance experience
c) Aerospace NDT Boards Forum documents
ANDTBF_06 latest issue - Guidance training course outlines
ANDTBF_10 Iatest issue - General Knowledge of other methods
ANDTBF_12 latest issue- Proposal for annual maintenance assessment
ANDTBF action table and reference 07/2018 draft_06: GW date: 27. Sept. 2019 (included in appendix 5 of this UG)
ANDTBF_02 latest issue- Aerospace NDT board forum members and representatives

Log of issues
Issue Issue date Change description
001 23/09/202 First issue.

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0. Introduction.

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0.1. Table of contents.

0. Introduction. ............................................................................................................................................. 3
0.1. Table of contents. .................................................................................................................................. 4
0.2. Definitions and abbreviations. ................................................................................................................. 7
0.3. Scope and applicability ........................................................................................................................... 8
0.4. Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 8
0.5. Entry into force ..................................................................................................................................... 8
0.6. Associated instructions........................................................................................................................... 8
0.7. Language. ............................................................................................................................................. 9
1. General ................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.1. Objectives of this UG............................................................................................................................ 11
1.2. Understanding NDT qualification, certification and authorisation in an AMO .............................................. 11
1.3. NDT written practice, MOE, NDT activity manual and work instruction. ..................................................... 12
1.4. NDT interpretation and evaluation of indications and documenting inspection results in AMO. .................... 13
1.5. Outside Agency ................................................................................................................................... 13
1.6. Use of EN4179..................................................................................................................................... 14
1.7. Structure of this UG. ............................................................................................................................ 14
2. Guidance on implementation of EN4179 ..................................................................................................... 15
2.1. NDT Methods ...................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2. NDT with direct readout instruments and go/no-go test equipment. ......................................................... 16
2.2.1. NDT go/no-go test equipment. ...................................................................................................... 17
2.3. Levels of qualification and certification .................................................................................................. 17
2.4. Responsible level 3 .............................................................................................................................. 19
2.4.1. Requirements for the internal RL3 ................................................................................................. 19
2.4.2. Requirements for external RL3 ...................................................................................................... 20
2.4.3. Functions of the RL3 ..................................................................................................................... 20
2.5. NDT Qualification procedures ............................................................................................................... 21
2.6. NDT training........................................................................................................................................ 21
2.6.1. Training course outlines ................................................................................................................ 21
2.6.2. Training facilities .......................................................................................................................... 22
2.6.3. Instructors................................................................................................................................... 22
2.6.4. Training certificate ....................................................................................................................... 23
2.6.5. Previous training and equivalent training ........................................................................................ 23
2.6.6. NDT specific refresher training....................................................................................................... 23
2.6.7. Health and safety training ............................................................................................................. 24
2.7. NDT examination ................................................................................................................................. 24
2.7.1. General examination .................................................................................................................... 24
2.7.2. “Additional other NDT methods” examination for the L3 .................................................................. 25
2.7.3. Specific examination..................................................................................................................... 25
2.7.4. Practical examination ................................................................................................................... 25
2.7.5. Nomination of Examiners .............................................................................................................. 26
2.7.6. Preparation of questions and master answers ................................................................................. 26
2.7.7. Test samples................................................................................................................................ 27
2.7.8. Internal Examination report .......................................................................................................... 27
2.7.9. Additional considerations for internal examination .......................................................................... 28
2.7.10. Use of an outside agency to provide examination......................................................................... 28
2.7.11. Re-examination ........................................................................................................................ 28
2.7.12. Scoring .................................................................................................................................... 29

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2.7.13. Visual acuity examination .......................................................................................................... 29

2.8. Experience .......................................................................................................................................... 30
2.8.1. Previous experience and equivalent experience............................................................................... 30
2.9. Certification and recertification ............................................................................................................. 30
2.10. Suspension and revocation of certification statement .......................................................................... 31
2.11. Additional techniques ...................................................................................................................... 31
2.12. Annual maintenance ........................................................................................................................ 32
2.13. Record keeping ............................................................................................................................... 32
3. NDT Written practice (NDTWP) .................................................................................................................. 33
3.1. General .............................................................................................................................................. 34
3.2. NDTWP structure and content .............................................................................................................. 34
PART 0: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 34
0.1 Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................ 34
0.2 List of Effective Pages ........................................................................................................................... 35
0.3 List of Issues / Amendments Record of Revisions..................................................................................... 35
0.4 NDTWP amendment procedures ........................................................................................................... 35
0.5 Approval of the NDTWP ....................................................................................................................... 35
PART 1: GENERAL.......................................................................................................................................... 36
1.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................................. 36
1.2 Methods and techniques used by in the organisation .............................................................................. 36
1.3 Responsible Level 3 .............................................................................................................................. 36
PART 2: QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES .............................................................................. 37
2.1 Levels of qualification and certification .................................................................................................. 37
2.2 Training .............................................................................................................................................. 37
2.2.1 Training course outlines ................................................................................................................... 37
2.2.2 Training facilities ............................................................................................................................. 37
2.2.3 Instructors ...................................................................................................................................... 37
2.2.4 Training certificate ........................................................................................................................... 38
2.2.5 Procedures for assessment of previous training and equivalent training ................................................ 38
2.2.6 Health and safety training................................................................................................................. 38
2.3 Examination ........................................................................................................................................ 38
2.3.1 Examination requirements................................................................................................................ 38
2.3.2 Internal examination procedures ....................................................................................................... 39
2.3.3 Use of an outside agency to provide examination................................................................................ 39
2.4 Experience .......................................................................................................................................... 40
2.4.1 Procedure for assessment of previous experience ............................................................................... 40
2.5 Visual examination .............................................................................................................................. 40
2.6 Certification and recertification ............................................................................................................. 40
2.6.1 Certification and recertification ......................................................................................................... 40
2.6.2 Continuous validity, suspension and revocation of the certification ....................................................... 40
2.7 Annual maintenance ............................................................................................................................ 41
2.8 Additional techniques .......................................................................................................................... 41
2.9 Record keeping ................................................................................................................................... 41
PART 3: APPENDICES TO THE WRITTEN PRACTICE ............................................................................................. 42
4. AMO Authorization .................................................................................................................................. 43
4.1. General .............................................................................................................................................. 44
4.2. NDT sign-off staff ................................................................................................................................. 44
4.2.1. Issue of the initial NDT sign-off staff authorization............................................................................... 44
4.2.2. Continuous validity of the NDT sign-off staff authorisation ................................................................... 45

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4.3. NDT certifying staff (NDT C/S) ............................................................................................................... 45

4.3.1. Issue of the initial NDT C/S authorisation ............................................................................................ 45
4.3.2. Continuous validity of the NDT C/S authorization ................................................................................ 46
4.4. Competence assessment of NDT staff .................................................................................................... 46
4.5. Summary table for EASA PART-145 NDT C/S and sign-off staff qualification criteria ..................................... 48
4.6. Summary of assessment for EASA PART-145 NDT C/S and NDT sign-off staff .............................................. 51
5. Appendices to the UG ............................................................................................................................... 53
Appendix 1: Example marking checklist for practical examination L1/ L2 ................................................................. 54
Appendix 2: Example visual acuity examination report .......................................................................................... 55
Appendix 3: Example experience log-book ........................................................................................................... 56
Appendix 4: Example examination report ............................................................................................................. 57
Appendix 5: Draft guidance definition of methods and techniques .......................................................................... 58

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0.2. Definitions and abbreviations.

Abbreviations
ANDTBF AEROSPACE NDT BOARD FORUM
AMC ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE
AMO APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION
AMTO APPROVED MAINTENANCE TRAINING ORGANISATION
AOG AIRCRAFT ON GROUND
CAO CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS ORGANISATION
CAP CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN
C/S CERTIFYING STAFF
CC/S COMPONENT CERTIFYING STAFF
EASA EUROPEAN UNION AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY
EU EUROPEAN UNION
GM GUIDANCE MATERIAL
IORS INTERNAL OCCURENCE REPORTING SYSTEM
L1 LEVEL 1
L2 LEVEL 2
L3 LEVEL 3
MOA MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION APPROVAL
MOAP MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION APPROVAL PROCEDURES
MOC MAINTENANCE OVERSIGHT COORDINATOR
MOE MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION EXPOSITION
MOR MANDATORY OCCURRENCE REPORTING
NAA NATIONAL AVIATION AUTHORITY
NDT NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
NDTWP NDT WRITTEN PRACTICE
OEM ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER
PPB PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS
RL3 RESPONSIBLE LEVEL 3
S/S SUPPORT STAFF
STCH SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATE HOLDER
TCH TYPE CERTIFICATE HOLDER
WH WORKING HOURS
WHOC WORKING HOURS EASA OVERSIGHT COORDINATOR

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0.3. Scope and applicability

EASA is the Competent Authority for maintenance organisations having their principal place of business located
outside the EU, as established by EASA Part 145.1 “General” and is therefore responsible for the final approval of
these maintenance organisations and for establishing procedures detailing how EASA Part-145 applications and
approvals are managed.

This user guide is applicable to EASA Part-145 applicant and EASA Part-145 approved maintenance organisations
(hereafter referred as AMOs) having their principal place of business located outside the EU Member States and
which are not certified under the provisions of a bilateral agreement signed with the EU.

The provisions of this user guide are complementary to the requirements of Part-145 regulation “as amended” and
does not supersede or replace the associated regulatory requirements.
0.4. Purpose
This user guide is designed to be used by AMOs and the assigned inspector when
1. The maintenance organisation is defining the processes and procedures related to:
 qualification and certification of personnel performing NDT, personnel directly responsible for the
technical adequacy of the NDT methods used, who approve NDT procedures and/or work
instructions, or who provide technical NDT support or training
 issue of an authorization to personnel to sign-off NDT tasks
 issue of certifying staff authorization to NDT certifying staff under D1 rating
2. Assigned inspector is :
 evaluating by sampling the compliance of the AMO with Part-145 and the implementation of EN4179.

0.5. Entry into force

The qualification and certification requirements in this UG apply as follows:

Date Organisation
From the date of It applies to:
publication • any organization applying for an initial EASA approval including
NDT on the scope of work;
• any Part-145 organisation not approved for NDT and applying to
extend the scope of work to include NDT (under D1 rating or under
the existing scope of approval);

From 1st January 2023 This UG applies to all approved Part-145 organisations for the
qualification, certification and recertification of all NDT staff.

0.6. Associated instructions

EASA has developed associated instructions (user guides, Forms, templates and work instructions), that detail specific
matters, which have to be considered as an integral part of this user guide.
A complete listing of these documents, together with their applicability to the maintenance organisation or NAA / QE
/ EASA, is addressed in the current revision of the “Foreign Part-145 approvals – documentation Index”,
FO.CAO.00136-XXX (XXX identifies the revision number). Documents which are applicable to both NAA/QE/EASA and
maintenance organisation are made available on the EASA Web site.
Each time a cross reference is provided to another document or another chapter / paragraph of the same document,
this reference is identified with grey text.

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0.7. Language.
All documents connected with the implementation of this UG including, syllabus, examination, certificates, contracts,
correspondence between the AMO and the outside agency or RL3 for the purpose of training or examination,
correspondence between the AMO and the assigned inspector and/or EASA, etc. shall be in the English language
unless otherwise agreed by EASA.

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1. General

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1.1. Objectives of this UG

145.A.30 (f) requires that “The organisation shall ensure that personnel who carry out and/or control a continued
airworthiness non-destructive test of aircraft structures and/or components are appropriately qualified for the
particular non-destructive test in accordance with the European or equivalent Standard recognised by the Agency”.
Additional information is provided in AMC 145.A.30(f). In addition 145.A.30 (e) requires the approved organisations
to establish and control the competence of personnel involved in any maintenance, (…) in accordance with a
procedure and to a standard agreed by the competent authority.
The objectives of this UG are to provide guidance on:
• the process to implement EN4179 to qualify the personnel performing NDT, personnel directly responsible for
the technical adequacy of the NDT methods used, who approve NDT procedures and/or work instructions, or who
provide technical NDT support, training and examination;
• the information contained in the NDT written practice to show compliance with EN4179;
• the process to issue and monitor the authorization of the NDT staff to sign-off the NDT tasks they have
performed; and,
• the process to issue and monitor the certifying staff authorization to NDT staff under D1 rating.

1.2. Understanding NDT qualification, certification and authorisation in an AMO

EN4179 is an employer-based qualification and staff certification system, this means that the qualification of the NDT
staff employed by a particular AMO must follow the procedures of that AMO. If the NDT staff leaves AMO A and joins
AMO B then:
• the NDT certification issued by AMO A is revoked; and,
• the NDT staff must meet the qualification and certification requirements of AMO B.

In this UG the term “NDT qualification” is used to refer to the process to satisfy the required training, experience and
examination as specified in EN4179 and described in the AMO NDTWP. (See part 2 of this UG)

In this UG the term “certification” is used to refer to the verification made by the RL3 on behalf of the AMO. A
certification statement will be issued to declare that the NDT candidate has passed the vision examination and meets
the necessary training, experience and examination for a particular level in accordance with the AMO NDTWP. (See
section 2.10 of this UG)

In this UG the term “AMO authorization” is used to refer to the authorization issued by the AMO quality department
to the NDT staff to perform specific NDT functions and/or sign-off the performance of an NDT task, or in the case
“C/S authorization” to perform and issue a release to service for the particular NDT tasks performed. (See part 4 of
this UG)

The qualification process of the NDT staff includes NDT qualification and AMO qualification.
NDT qualification process shall give the person the skills, training, knowledge, examination and experience required
to perform NDT.
AMO qualification process shall give the person the skills, knowledge and experience required to perform the
assigned tasks at the AMO.

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1.3. NDT written practice, MOE, NDT activity manual and work instruction.
EN4179 3.34, 3.36, 4.1
The NDT written practice (NDTWP) shall describe the NDT qualification and certification process, this includes:
1. the procedures for the qualification and certification of the NDT staff;
2. the functions assigned to the different levels of NDT staff
3. the conditions for the validity of the NDT staff certification
4. the procedures for the suspension and revocation of the NDT staff certification.
The NDTWP should be a stand-alone document and include a statement indicating the approval by the RL3.

The MOE shall describe the AMO qualification process, this includes:
1. the general AMO training and experience requirements for NDT sign-off staff shall be included in MOE 3.11
2. the general AMO training and experience requirements for NDT C/S shall be included in MOE 3.4

An AMO performing NDT inspections should have:

1. detailed description of the NDT facilities, equipment, tooling, materials, etc.
2. procedures for system performance check and/or calibration requirements of NDT equipment and tooling;
3. NDT procedures and work instructions in use by the AMO for the inspection of aircraft/parts.
This information may be consolidated in an NDT activity manual or may be included in other documents in use in the
AMO, for example: MOE, tool control and calibration procedures, etc.

A work instruction details the process, technique and testing parameters necessary to perform a NDT inspection in
a particular aircraft/component. The work instruction shall specify amongst other things the method, technique to
be used for inspection, the part preparation for inspection, the equipment and material for inspection, the area to
be inspected, the processing parameters (such as dwell time, drying time, temperature, time, current, etc.), if
applicable the acceptance criteria, etc.
A work instruction is required when the OEM/TCH/STCH/DOA maintenance data provides only general information
about the inspection procedures to be used. The work instruction shall be approved by a L3 for the particular method
designated by the AMO and it shall comply with the guidance provided by the OEM/TCH/STCH/DOA maintenance
data.
Work instructions issued by the AMO fall under Documentation/Maintenance Instructions Issued by the maintenance
organization, therefore MOE 2.8 should describe the information to be included in the work instructions, the revision
of the work instructions and the approval of the work instructions.

ASTM standards for the different NDT methods provide indications on the contents of work instructions. This can be
used as guidance for developing work instructions (for example see ASTM1417 section 6.7)

Document Approved process

NDT Written Practice Approved by RL3
Approved by AMO QM
Approved by EASA (direct or indirect approval)
MOE Approved by AMO QM
Approved by EASA (direct or indirect approval)
Work instruction Approved by a L3 in the method

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1.4. NDT interpretation and evaluation of indications and documenting inspection results in AMO.
EN4179 3.8, 3.17
This UG speaks about interpretation and evaluation of indications, these two terms are defined in EN4179.
During an NDT inspection, the NDT staff may detect several indications. Interpretation is the determination of
whether these indications are relevant or non-relevant.
After an indication is categorized as relevant it must be subject to evaluation.
The evaluation of indications shall be performed taking into account the criteria in the maintenance data and/or work
instruction. The evaluation will determine:
• Whether the indication meets an specified acceptance/ rejection criteria; and/or,
• The characteristics of the indication such as size, location, etc.

The evaluation of the relevant indications shall be documented, meaning that the NDT staff performing the evaluation
should indicate in the maintenance records the result of the evaluation.

Example 1: CMM 32-40-yy subtask 32-40-yy-aa. MT inspection of bolts p/n: 12345

Perform a magnetic particle inspection in accordance with SPM 20-40-xx-bb on each bolt. Discard a bolt that has a
crack.
The NDT staff performing the evaluation of the relevant indications will determine which bolts have a crack and must
be discarded. The NDT staff will document in the work card how many bolts and if applicable which bolts (p/n, s/n)
have been discarded.

Example 2: Aircraft NDT manual 51-96-yy subtasks 51-96-yy-aa. ET inspection to determine location and dimension
of cracks in fuselage skin area
The NDT staff performing the evaluation of the relevant indications will determine which indications are cracks. The
NDT staff will document in the work card the location and dimension of each crack.

1.5. Outside Agency

EN4179 3.24, 4.4.3
An outside agency is a company or organization outside the AMO, who provides NDT services to implement the
requirements of EN4179, such as training and examination of NDT personnel. The outside agency can also provide
RL3 services, meaning that the AMO may nominate as RL3 a person qualified as L3 by the outside agency. Within the
context of this UG, if the AMO wants to use an outside agency for training, examination or RL3 services, the outside
agency has to be under the control of an EU NDT board member of the Aerospace NDT Boards Forum (ANDTBF) with
voting status.1

The ANDTB Forum members can be found in the document ANDTBF_02 issued by the Aeropace NDT Board Forum
published in the http://www.efndt.org/Services/Document-Store?EntryId=15421. Nevertheless, since the membership
of the ANDTBF may change with time, the AMOs are requested to contact their assigned inspector to confirm the
acceptable ANDTB.

Whenever an AMO wants to use an outside agency for training, examination and/or RL3 services, a contract/
agreement should be established detailing the services contracted, the responsibilities of both parties, the conditions
for providing the services, such as the number of visits of the RL3 to the AMO per year, participation of RL3 in the
internal audits and the EASA audits, etc.

1 This includes UK NDTB, Singapore in NDTB limited to organisations with principal place of business in Singapore and Australia NDTB limited to
organisations with principal place of business in Australia or New Zealand.
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1.6. Use of EN4179

This UG has been developed taking as reference the EN4179:2017. At the time of publication of this UG the PrEN4179
Edition P6 is already available although it has not been formally adopted. Nevertheless, AMOs are strongly advised
to familiarise themselves and progressively adapt their procedures in accordance with prEN4179 P6.

1.7. Structure of this UG.

This UG is divided in the following chapters:

Chapter 0: Introduction
Chapter 1: General
Chapter 2: Guidance on the implementation of EN4179
Chapter 3: NDT written practice.
Chapter 4: AMO qualification
Chapter 5: Appendices

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2. Guidance on implementation of EN4179

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2.1. NDT Methods

EN4179 1.3, 3.18, 3.32, 4.1.2, 4.2
This chapter provides guidance for the implementation of the qualification and certification requirements of
EN4179 for the following common NDT methods:
o Liquid penetrant (PT)
o Magnetic particle (MT)
o Thermography (IRT)
o Eddy current (ET)
o Ultrasonic (UT)
o Radiography (RT)
o Shereaography (ST)

This user guide does not include guidance for qualification procedures for emerging methods2, each particular case
shall be discussed with the assigned inspector.

The AMO must identify the different techniques within the methods that they are going to use. The table included
in Appendix 5 is a draft document produced by the ANDTBF to show examples of how the AMO may identify the
methods/ techniques. The table is in draft status not approved by the ANDTBF yet. The RL3 should define the
methods and techniques to reflect the work in the AMO.

2.2. NDT with direct readout instruments and go/no-go test equipment.
EN4719 3.5
An NDT inspection performed using a direct readout instrument or a “go/no go” test equipment may not require
that the person performing the inspection is qualified as L1, L2 in accordance with EN4179.
EN4179 defines direct readout instruments as “Instruments that physically display measurements in dimensional
or electrical units (e.g. Inches, millimetres or %IACS.) either as digital readout or an analog display, such as a
scale/pointer configuration and do not require special skills or knowledge to set up the instrument and do not
involve adjusting signal displays such as gates, delays, gain, or phase to obtain measurements. For example,
common direct readout instruments include basic ultrasonic thickness gauges without an oscilloscope display, and
eddy current coating thickness gauges”.

If the AMO performs NDT inspections in an aircraft/component using a direct readout instrument and the use of
this instrument is indicated in the maintenance data (CMM, AMM, SB, repair instructions,…), then the AMO does
not require an NDT approval (nor D1 neither NDT in the course of maintenance) and the person performing this
inspection does not need to be qualified as L1 or L2 in accordance EN4179.

If the AMO performs NDT inspections in an aircraft/component using a direct readout instrument but the use of
this instrument is not indicated in the maintenance data of the aircraft/ component, for example the component
repair data indicates “determine remaining thickness using ultrasonic inspection, remaining thickness should be
more than XYZ inches”, in this case the AMO requires an NDT approval (either D1 or NDT in the course of
maintenance). A L3 of this AMO qualified for the particular method shall develop a work instruction applicable to
this component explaining:
 how to perform thickness measurement using a particular direct readout instrument; and,
 the qualification of the person performing this inspection (it may not need to be qualified as L1 or L2 in
accordance with EN4179)

2 In prEN4179:2019, Shereogragphy (ST) is removed from the NDT common methods and it will consider an emerging method.
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Person performing inspections using direct readout instruments will need to be qualified for the use of such
instrument in accordance with a procedure established by the AMO in the MOE.

2.2.1. NDT go/no-go test equipment.

A particular case of direct readout instrument is a go/no go test equipment. This go/no-go test equipment should
be understood as:
o a test equipment which does not require special NDT knowledge/ skills to set-up or adjust the equipment;
o the equipment inspects the part and performs the interpretation and evaluation of indications; and,
o the equipment provides to the equipment operator a clear indication whether or not the result of the
evaluation is accept or reject, such as for example a PASS/ NO PASS, or RED/GREEN indication.

Depending on how this NDT inspection process using a go/no-go test equipment is established, the equipment
operator may or may not need NDT qualification in accordance with EN4179. The AMO should do a case by case
evaluation and discuss it with the assigned inspector.

2.3. Levels of qualification and certification

EN4179 5.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.1.3, 5.1.4, 5.1.5
EN4179 defines four basic levels of qualification and certification: L1-Limited, L1, L2, and L3. This section includes
guidance for the L1, L2, and L3.
The qualification and certification of L1- limited is not explained in this UG. The AMO shall approach the allocated
inspector to discuss this specific case.

The AMO must have qualification and certification procedures for each NDT method and level of certification
intended to be used at the organization as defined in the scope of work. For example if the AMO is going to perform
ET using NDT L2 and L3 staff, then the maintenance organisation only needs to develop qualification and
certification procedures for ET in these two levels.

The AMO must document the trainees participating in a training programme for an NDT method in the process to
become L1 or directly L2. The AMO must develop a training programme for each trainee identifying:
 when the training programme starts and ends,
 the method, level, techniques in the training programme
 the sequence and duration of the different phases of the training, such as practical training to obtain
experience, general training, examination, etc.
During the training programme the trainees shall:
 obtain experience under the direct observation of a Level 2 or Level 3 in the same method,
 obtain experience under the direct observation of a Level 1 only when approved by the responsible Level 3,
 not make accept or reject decisions,
 not independently conduct tests,
 not independently perform any other NDT function

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For L1, L2, and L3 staff the AMO may assign some or all of the following functions to each level of certification for
each method for which the person is certified. The AMO written practice shall describe the functions assigned to
each level/method.

The L1 individuals shall be competent to:

 set up and standardize equipment in accordance with approved work instructions;
 conduct system performance checks in accordance with the applicable instructions issued by the AMO;
 process parts and document results in accordance with approved work instructions;
 carry out any necessary preparation of parts before or after inspection in accordance with approved work
instructions;
 receive guidance or supervision from a certified L2 or L3 in that method when necessary;
 in specific cases the RL3 may approve that the L1 individuals perform interpretations and evaluations of
indications on specific product(s) for acceptance or rejection in accordance with approved work instructions.
The AMO written practice shall detail the cases and/or tasks for which the L1 can perform the evaluation of
indications. The practical examination of the L1 individuals certified to interpret and evaluate shall include an
assessment of the proficiency interpreting and evaluating indications.3

The L2 individuals shall be competent to:

 set up and standardize equipment in accordance with approved work instructions;

 conduct system performance checks in accordance with the applicable instructions issued by the AMO;
 process parts in accordance with approved work instructions;
 carry out any necessary preparation of parts before or after inspection in accordance with approved work
instructions;
 interpret and evaluate for acceptance or rejection, and document the results;
 provide the necessary guidance and/or supervision to trainees and L1 personnel;
 when specified in the AMO written practice, the L2 functions can include developing work instructions. Such
work instructions shall require final approval by a L3 certified in the method. The AMOWP shall include an
assessment of the proficiency developing work instructions. This assessment shall be done by a L3 in the
method and it shall be properly documented.

The L3 individuals shall be competent to assume the following functions:

 assuming technical responsibility for the NDT facility and staff;

 select the method and technique for a specific inspection, however when the approved maintenance data
indicates a specific inspection the L3 cannot deviate from this specific inspection;
 preparing and verifying the adequacy of procedures and work instructions;
 approve NDT procedures and work instructions for technical adequacy;
 providing or directing training and examination of personnel when the L3 is nominated instructor or examiner
by the RL3;
 if the L3 is certified as L2 then, he can also perform the functions of the L2;
 if required by the AMO, audit the contracted outside agency to verify the correct implementation of the
contract between the AMO and the outside agency;
 provide support to auditors of the AMO to perform product audits and the implementation of NDT procedures

3 See practical examination section

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An individual cannot certify to L3 without prior certification to L2 in the method. This means that a candidate to
be certified as L3 in a particular method in an AMO must demonstrate that he/she is certified to L2 in the method.

2.4. Responsible level 3

EN 4179 4.4.1
The AMO must have a responsible level 3 (RL3), the nomination and approval of the RL3 must follow
WI.CAO.00115. The RL3 may be either:
1. a natural person employed/contracted by the AMO, thereinafter called “internal RL3”; or,
2. a natural person working for the outside agency contracted by the AMO to provide the RL3 services,
hereinafter called “external RL3”.

2.4.1. Requirements for the internal RL3

The candidate for internal RL3 shall be qualified as L3 in all the methods used by the AMO. The qualification as L3
must satisfy the requirements of the AMO NDTWP where this person is going to act as internal RL3. This requires
that this person can show the required training, experience and examination to L3. The required examination
shall have been administered by an outside agency.
If he/she is not qualified as L3 in all the methods used by the AMO, then he/she will not be able to assume some
RL3 functions for that method and the AMO would need to identify another L3, qualified as L3 by an outside
agency, to perform those functions when necessary.

In accordance with EN4179, an individual cannot certify to L3 without prior certification to L2 in the method. This
means that L3 must demonstrate that they meet the certification requirements to L2 in the method at the time
of the first qualification to L3 for the AMO where they will be certified as L3. This also applies to a person who is
going to be nominated as internal RL3.

Example: Candidate 1 is going to be employed by company A to be the new internal RL3. Candidate 1 was the
internal RL3 in company B, what does candidate 1 need to do to become internal RL3 in company A?
➢ Candidate 1 needs to satisfy the L3 qualification requirements in company A, meaning candidate 1 needs
to demonstrate that he/she satisfies the training, experience and examination requirements of company
A NDTWP for L3.
➢ Candidate 1 and company A should assess whether his/her previous training, experience, general
examination and other NDT methods examination in company B are equivalent to the requirements of
training, experience, general examination and other NDT methods examination in company A. If the
assessment is positive then candidate 1 can credit his/her training, experience, general examination and
other NDT methods examination.
➢ Candidate 1 shall receive NDT specific refresher training in accordance with company A NDTWP.
➢ Candidate 1 shall pass vision acuity examination in accordance with company A NDTWP
➢ Candidate 1 shall provide evidence that he/she passed the specific and practical examination to L2 in
accordance with EN4179. (in company A or in company B)
➢ Candidate 1 shall pass specific and practical examination to L3 in an outside agency in accordance with
company A NDTWP and EN4179
➢ Candidate 1 and company A shall issue the certification statement for L3.

Evidences to be provided for an internal RL3:

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1. Evidence of specific and practical examination to L2 at the time of the first qualification as L3 in the
method in an EASA 145 AMO in accordance with EN4179.
2. Evidence of training as L2 or evidence that previous training can be credited in accordance with EN4179
and the AMO NDTWP.
3. Certificate of general examination to L2 or evidence that general examination can be credited in
accordance with the AMO written practice.
4. Experience records, such as log book or similar, to demonstrate that he/she has acquired the minimum
experience requirements for L2 and L3. If the experience was acquired before joining the AMO then the
candidate RL3 must demonstrate that his/her previous experience is acceptable in accordance with the
AMO NDTWP
5. Certificate of General L3 examination and additional other methods NDT examination in accordance with
the AMO NDTWP or evidence that they can be credited in accordance with the AMO NDTWP.
6. Certificate of specific and practical L3 examination in accordance with the AMO NDTWP Evidence of other
training/ qualification in accordance with the WI.CAO.00115 (i.e. MOE, HF, EWIS, FTS, etc.)

2.4.2. Requirements for external RL3

The candidate for RL3 shall be qualified as L3 in accordance with EN4179 by the outside agency in at least one of
the NDT methods used by the AMO. If he/she is not qualified as L3 by the outside agency in all the methods used
by the AMO, then he/she will not be able to assume some RL3 functions for that method and he/she would need
to identify another L3, qualified as L3 by the outside agency, to perform those functions when necessary.

Evidences to be provided for an external RL3:

1. Agreement between the AMO and the outside agency contracted to provide RL3 services, training and
examination.
2. Documentation issued by the outside agency showing that:
o the person possesses a L3 certification in accordance with EN4179 indicating the methods; and,
o the specific and practical examination cover sufficient scope regarding the codes, standards and
practices used by the AMO.
3. Evidence of other training/ qualification in accordance with the WI.CAO.00115 (i.e. MOE, HF, EWIS, FTS,
etc.).

2.4.3. Functions of the RL3

A. The RL3 is responsible for NDT qualification and certification process, this means, for all the methods the RL3
shall:
 establish the written practice explaining the levels of qualification and certification in the organisation,
the training, experience and examination requirements and procedures, and where/ how the training and
examination will be performed;
 ensure that all necessary conditions for training and examination are established and implemented;
 retain written and practical examinations;
 designate examiners and/or instructors providing training and examination;
 issues the certification statements to the NDT staff in accordance with the AMO written practice
 if required, the RL3 shall designate outside agencies used for training and examination
 if required, the RL3 should audit in conjunction with the AMO quality system the outside agencies
providing training and/or examination services,
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B. The RL3 shall be capable of assuming the overall technical responsibility for the NDT facility and processes.
This means that for the method(s) for which he/she is qualified as L3 under EN4179 by an outside agency,
he/she :
 Ensures the adequacy of the NDT facilities and materials in use at the organisation.
 Ensures equipment adequacy, including adequate programme for the maintenance, service and
calibration of the equipment.
 Approves the use of alternative tools in the particular NDT method in accordance with the AMO MOE
procedures.
 Establishes the process controls in accordance with applicable standards (i.e. system performance check
iaw ASTM E1444 for MT inspections)
 Approves the work instructions developed for the performance of a particular inspection (when
necessary) in the method.
 Performs the annual maintenance of the NDT staff at the organisation or nominates another L3 in the
method to perform the annual maintenance.
 Makes the assessment of previous training and previous experience of the NDT staff joining the AMO and
identifies the scope of training required to be completed prior certification.

For the method(s) for which he/she is not a L3 qualified under EN4179 by an outside agency, the RL3 shall
designate a L3 qualified under EN4179 by an outside agency in the particular method to perform the functions
listed in B above.

2.5. NDT Qualification procedures

The NDT qualification procedures must describe the NDT training, NDT experience, NDT examination required for
a particular NDT method and level. These qualification procedures shall be included in the NDTWP. The NDT
written practice must also describe the qualification process for additional technique(s) as described in 2.12.
The NDTWP and any amendment to the NDTWP shall be approved by the RL3. After approval by the RL3, the
NDTWP shall be submitted to the AMO quality manager for acceptance. The AMO quality manager shall submit
the NDTWP to EASA for approval, in case of direct approval; or, notification, in case of indirect approval.

2.6. NDT training

EN4179 3.13, 3.16, 6.1, 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.3, 6.1.4, 6.1.5, 6.2, 6.2.2
Each NDT candidate shall receive formal training, this training may be conducted prior or in conjunction with the
“on the job training” to gain NDT experience. The training will have a general part, specific part and practical part
and it shall be conducted in accordance with training course outlines detailed in the AMO NDTWP and approved
by the RL3. The training can be delivered internally by instructors approved by the RL3 or it can also be delivered
externally by an outside agency designated by the RL3 (see point 2.6.3)
In both cases, the RL3 is responsible to assess if the training delivered meets the training course outlines defined
in the AMO NDTWP and determine if there is a need of additional training (for example specific training). This
assessment shall be documented.

2.6.1. Training course outlines

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The RL3 must establish a training course outline for each method and for each level of qualification planned to be
used at the AMO (L1, L2). The training course outline shall specify:
 the training syllabus. The syllabus must follow EN4179 and the recommended training guidelines issued
by the ANDTBF in document ANDTBF/06 latest issue. https://www.efndt.org/Services/Document-
Store?EntryId=15421 ;
 the duration of the training. This must follow the minimum required duration established in EN4179
 the training method, for example theoretical or practical, classroom or distance learning, etc.;
 reference to the training material to be used during the training such as student notes, training samples
specifications, industry standards, maintenance data used for the specific training, etc.;
 a list of references from which the training material is derived;
 the test samples used for the practical exercises.

2.6.2. Training facilities

Both theoretical and practical training shall be delivered in adequate facilities well equipped with equipment and
training aids, models, samples, etc. to ensure that all aspects of the training course requirements are met. The
following characteristics shall be taken into account:
 The size and structure of facilities shall ensure protection from the prevailing weather elements and proper
operation of all planned training on any particular day.
 Fully enclosed appropriate accommodation separate from other facilities shall be provided for the
instruction of theory and the conduct of written examinations. The accommodation environment shall be
maintained such that students are able to concentrate on their studies or examination as appropriate,
without undue distraction or discomfort.
 The maximum number of students undergoing knowledge training during any training course shall not
exceed 12.
 The size of accommodation for examination purposes shall be such that no student can read the
paperwork or computer screen of any other student from his/her position during examinations.
 Practical training shall be performed in adequate facilities or in the actual maintenance environment such
as the NDT workshop, using NDT equipment normally used for NDT inspections. Sufficient number of
representative test samples should be available for practical training.

When the training is performed internally then the training facilities shall be identified in the NDTWP.
If the training is performed by an outside agency contracted by the AMO, then the AMO NDTWP shall indicate the
address of the facilities.

2.6.3. Instructors

The training can be delivered internally by instructors designated and approved by the RL3 or it can also be delivered
externally by an outside agency contracted by the AMO to provide training services.
For internal training
(a) The RL3 shall approve the instructors for the different training courses. In this case, the instructors to be used
for the training shall:
 Be qualified as L2 or L3 under EN4179 or an equivalent level in the national aerospace NDT standard
 Have a minimum of 5 years’ working experience as L2 or L3 or equivalent level in the national aerospace
NDT standard.
 Be familiar with the specifications and standards used by the AMO to be able to deliver the specific part.
 Have the skills and knowledge to plan, organize, and present classroom training and practical exercises
in accordance with approved course outlines.

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For training delivered by an outside agency

(b) The RL3 shall designate in the NDTWP the outside agency contracted to deliver the training (general training,
specific refresher training, etc.).

2.6.4. Training certificate

At the completion of the training, a training certificate shall be issued detailing, as a minimum:
 name of the trainee;
 date and place of birth of the trainee;
 name of the AMO;
 training course with reference to method, level, training course outlines and the AMO NDTWP;
 date and place where the training took place;
 duration (hours) of the training;
 if the training is performed internally, this certificate is issued by the RL3.
 if the training is performed by an outside agency, then the training certificate shall be issued by the outside
agency.

2.6.5. Previous training and equivalent training

Training credits can be given to in the following cases:

 the person was previously certified under EN4179 or NAS410 in another EASA part-145 AMO; or
 the person was previously certified under EN4179, NAS410 or the national aerospace NDT standard in a
maintenance organisation holding a national approval for maintenance or production; or
 the person was previously certified in accordance with the national military requirements in a military
maintenance organization; and
 the previous training is properly documented (training course outlines, training certificate, etc.)

The RL3 shall compare the previous training with the NDT training course outlines included in the AMOWP to assess
the equivalency between them and determine the missing portions of training that the person must receive. This
assessment shall be documented and it shall include as a minimum:
(a) the previous training certificates;
(b) the previous training course outlines (syllabus, duration, type of training (theoretical/practical,
classroom/distance-learning)) and the training provider of the previous training;
(c) the equivalency to the current training outlines; and,
(d) the missing portions of training that the person must receive.

Any person credited with previous training must always receive the missing portions of the training and NDT specific
refresher training.

2.6.6. NDT specific refresher training

This NDT specific refresher training is required for any person credited with previous training and for any person who
has passed formal training at the AMO but who has not received its NDT certification statement from the RL3 within
12 months after the formal training.
The specific refresher training shall be conducted in accordance with a training course outline detailed in the NDTWP
and approved by the RL3. This training must cover the AMO specific products, equipment set-up, operation and
standardization, specific operating procedures, applicable techniques.

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2.6.7. Health and safety training

The AMO must provide health and safety training to every person undergoing NDT “on the job training” or seeking
certification to perform NDT tasks. The health and safety training shall be performed at the beginning of the “on the
job training” or, for persons credited with previous experience, before the certification.
The AMO must establish training outlines for health and safety training including syllabus, duration, method of
training (classroom, elearning, self-study). The syllabus must consider:
1) the requirements for the handling of hazardous substances,
2) accident prevention and safe working practices,
3) compliance with local health and safety regulations.

The health and safety training outlines must be included in the AMO NDTWP. The health and safety training can be
provided by any person or organisation designated by the RL3.

Additionally, for radiography, the AMO shall provide specific health and safety training on the hazards and safety
requirements associated with ionizing radiation and the national applicable national regulations and laws.
The syllabus, duration, method of training and instructors/ training organisation must comply with the applicable
national regulations and must be included in the AMO NDTWP.

2.7. NDT examination

EN4179 3.2, 3.10, 3.22, 3.30, 3.33, 4.1.4, 7.1, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.1.4.1, 7.1.4.2, 7.1.4.3, 7.1.4.4, 7.2, 7.2.1,
7.2.2, 7.2.3
Every person seeking NDT certification for a particular level/method/technique shall pass NDT examination.
The NDT examination for L1, L2 and L3 shall include general examination, specific examination and practical
examination for the particular method/level.
Additionally for L3 it shall include an “additional other NDT methods” examination on the general knowledge of other
methods as per the guidance in paragraph 2.7.2.

The NDT examination can be performed internally by the AMO or externally by an outside agency designated by the
RL3. In no case can an examination be administered by one’s self or by a subordinate.
When the examination is performed internally then the AMO written practice shall include:
 the requirements to be met by the examination;
 the procedures for the performance of general, specific and practical examinations; and
 the list of examiners

When the examination is performed by an outside agency, then the AMO NDTWP shall include:
 the name of the outside agency; and,
 the requirements to be met by the examination.

The examination of the RL3 must be performed externally by an outside agency designated by the RL3 as explained
in 2.4.
Previous NDT examination in another maintenance organisation cannot be credited except for general examination
as described in 2.7.1, meaning that every person seeking NDT certification in an AMO must pass (internal or external)
specific and practical examination with that AMO.

2.7.1. General examination

The general examination shall comply with EN4179, this means that for each method and level:

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 the general examination shall be closed book examination;

 the minimum number of questions for L1, L2 and L3 is 40;
 the questions can be open questions or multiple choice questions as defined in the AMOWP;
 the level of the questions should be adequate to the certification level (L1, L2, L3);
 the candidate must achieve a minimum score of 70%.

The general examination can be credited if the candidate has a current ASNT or ISO 9712 NDT certificate for the
particular method at the appropriate level. The acceptance of these certificates to credit for the general examination
must be described in the AMO written practice. In the case that ASNT or ISO9712 certificate is used instead of a
general examination, the score to be given to the general examination shall be 80%.

2.7.2. “Additional other NDT methods” examination for the L3

The “additional other NDT methods examination” shall be administered to a person seeking examination for L3 for
the first time. This is a one time examination. This examination shall follow the guidance issued by the ANDTBF in
document ANDTBF_10 General Knowledege of Other Methods as required by EN4179 latest issue which is published
in https://www.efndt.org/Services/Document-Store?EntryId=15421

2.7.3. Specific examination

The specific examination shall comply with EN4179, this means that for each method and level:
 The specific examination must be specific for the work to be authorised, this means it shall cover the
requirements and use of the specifications, codes, equipment, operating procedures and test techniques the
candidate may use in the performance of his/her duties in the AMO
 The specific examination shall be open book but questions utilizing such material shall require understanding
of the information contained therein rather than merely finding its location.
 The minimum number of questions for L1, L2 and L3 is 30
 The specific examination can be multiple choice question or open questions as defined in the written practice.
 The level of the questions should be adequate to the certification level (L1, L2, L3)
 The candidate must achieve a minimum score of 70%

2.7.4. Practical examination

The practical examination for L1, L2 shall comply with EN4179, this means that for each method and level:
 The practical examination is performed using documented test samples.
 The candidate is not familiar with the test samples used in the examination.
 The practical examination must include minimum 2 test samples with at least 1 test sample per technique for
which certification is sought.4
 The practical examination shall assess the proficiency in:
o the use of work instructions,
o the use and standardization of equipment and materials,
o the adherence to procedural details,
o processing parts,
o the interpretation and evaluation of indications for L2, and for L1 only if he/she is going to be
authorized to accept or reject parts, and
o the documentation of results.
4
For L2, the practical examination may include test samples without discontinuities but at least 2 test samples of the total required for the practical examination
must include discontinuities

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 For each test sample the candidate must achieve a minimum score of 70% and must detect all discontinuities
in the test sample.
 When the L2 functions include developing work instructions then the L2 must pass an assessment performed
by a L3 in the method.

The practical examination for L3 shall comply with EN4179, this means that for each method:
 The practical examination will consist of preparation of an NDT procedure including work instruction
appropriate to the AMO work
 The practical examination shall take place in conjunctions with the general and/or specific examination.
 The practical examination shall assess the following aspects of the NDT procedure/ work instruction:
o Technical accuracy
o Technical content
o Clarity of the procedure/ work instruction
 The candidate must achieve a minimum score of 70%.

When the L3 is processing parts and interpreting and evaluating indications and documenting results, then the
L3 must pass the same practical examination as for L2 staff.

A sample template checklist to be used for the marking of the practical examination for L1 and L2 is included in
Appendix 1. This template provides only a reference and the RL3 must detail the particular subjects to be
evaluated for each method during the practical examination.

When the examination is performed by an outside agency, the marking of the examination falls under the control
of the outside agency.

2.7.5. Nomination of Examiners

If the examination is performed internally, the administration and grading of the examination is the responsibility
of the RL3 or examiner L3. The RL3 may nominate examiners for each method used in the organisation. The
examiners must be certified as L3 under EN4179 for that particular method in the AMO. The RL3 can be an
examiner for the methods for which he/she is certified as L3 under EN4179.
The tasks of the examiner for the method for which he/she is nominated:
 preparation of questions and master answers for the general and specific examination
 selecting and documenting test samples for the practical examination
 ensure the security of the examination
 marking of examinations
The list of designated examiners must be included in the AMO written practice.

If the examination is performed by an outside agency then the nomination of examiners falls under the control
of the outside agency.

2.7.6. Preparation of questions and master answers

The AMO may use open questions, multiple choice questions or true/false questions.
When the examination is performed internally, the examiner must prepare the examination questions and master
answers prior to the examination.
When preparing the examination paper, the examiner must ensure that:

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 The questions are adequate in accordance with EN4179 for the type of examination (general/ specific) ,
method and level
 There is a master answer for each question
 The questions included in the examination paper cover all the subject material in the method.
 The questions included in the examination paper were not used in the past 12 months.

When the examination is performed by an outside agency, the preparation of questions and master answer falls
under the control of the outside agency.

2.7.7. Test samples

A test sample is a part5 containing one or more known and documented natural or artificial defects. A test sample
can be used to provide practical training or it can be used for practical examination. However a test sample used
for training or for the annual maintenance cannot be used for examination.

When the examination is performed internally, the RL3 must identify and list the test samples used for training
and the test samples used for examination. The test samples used for examination must be stored at the AMO in
a secure location under the control of the RL3. All samples must have a documented record of the defects to be
detected and their location.
The test samples can be actual aircraft/ engine/ component parts or they can be fabricated test parts. The AMO
may use scrap parts or unserviceable parts previously inspected at the AMO as test samples for training, but they
cannot be used as test samples for examination unless the AMO has a system in place to ensure that the candidate
is not familiar with the part. (for example the part was scrapped > 5 years before it is used examination, the part
is reworked by the AMO, etc)
The AMO shall establish a system to record when each test sample was used for examination and ensure that a
particular test sample will not be used in any examination for the next 12 months and it will not be used in any
future examination for the same candidate.

When the practical examination is performed by an outside agency, the management of test samples is under
the control of the outside agency.

2.7.8. Internal Examination report

After internal examination, an examination report shall be issued with the following information, as a minimum
(See example in Appendix 4):
 Name and Surname of the candidate
 Name of the AMO
 Applicable Written Practice and standards used for the examination
 NDT Method, Level
 Exam Date(s)
 Certificate Issue Date
 Score for the General examination and specific examination, if applicable
 Technique used and score obtained for every test sample in the practical examination, if applicable
 Score for the practical L3 examination if applicable.
 Signature of the L3 examiner
 Any additional information relevant to the method/ technique such as material (metal, composite,
etc.), application (NDT in welds, structures, etc.)

5 In some cases, such as for example RT, an image can be used as test sample to train or to assess the candidate ability to interpret results.
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2.7.9. Additional considerations for internal examination

Internal examination can be administered by the RL3 to all the NDT staff in the AMO for all the methods for which
he/she is a L3 qualified by an outside agency in accordance with EN4179. Examination for the RL3 can only be
administered by an outside agency.
Examination of other examiners nominated by the RL3 can only be performed by the RL3 or by an outside agency.
Cross-examination, meaning that examiner#1 administers and grades the examination of examiner#2 and
examiner#2 administers and grades the examination of examiner#1, is not permitted.
Examination by a subordinate is not permitted, for example if the NDT workshop manager is a L2 and the L3
examiner is a subordinate of the NDT workshop manager, then the examination of the NDT workshop manager
cannot be performed by the subordinate L3.

2.7.10. Use of an outside agency to provide examination

When the examination is performed externally by an outside agency, the outside agency must follow the AMO
NDTWP requirements and the examination shall be administered considering the AMO NDTWP and the
information, codes, specifications provided by the AMO.

The AMO NDTWP shall include:

 The name of the outside agency,
 Type of the examination is open book/ closed book
 The number of questions for each method/ level
 The minimum number test samples used for the practical examination
 The minimum score required to pass each individual examination.
 The minimum average score to be eligible for certification

The AMO must provide all necessary information to the outside agency before the examination, such as:
 The name of the candidate, the method and techniques, the level of certification sought
 The type of examination (general, specific, practical, additional “other NDT method” for L3)
 The AMO written practice
 The AMO work instructions, specifications, codes, equipment, operating procedures and test techniques
the candidate may use in the performance of his/her duties with the employer.

After the examination, an examination report must be issued by the outside agency stating as a minimum:
 The name of the outside agency administering the examination
 Name and Surname of the candidate
 Name of the AMO
 Applicable Written Practice and standards used for the examination
 NDT Method, Level
 Exam Date(s)
 Name of examiner
 Certificate Issue Date
 Score for the General examination, specific examination
 Technique used and score obtained for every test sample in the practical test
 Any additional information relevant to the method/ technique such as material (metal, composite,
etc.), application (NDT in welds, structures, etc.)

2.7.11. Re-examination
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Any person failing any general, specific or practical examination shall receive additional training before taking re-
examination. The RL3 or the examiner shall assess the failed examination and determine which areas are
deficient. Based on that assessment the RL3 or examiner shall prepare the syllabus of the additional training that
needs to be delivered before re-examination.
The assessment performed by the RL3/ examiner and the syllabus of the additional training must be documented
in a report and must be kept together with the re-examination records.
For the general and specific re-examination the examination paper must contain at least 25% different questions
than the initial examination paper used and for the practical re-examination the test samples used must be
different from the initial examination performed.

2.7.12. Scoring

To be eligible for certification or recertification, the following 2 conditions must be satisfied in the scoring:
1. The person shall achieve the following minimum scores on each individual examination:
• General examination: 70%
• Specific examination: 70%
• Additional other NDT methods examination for L3: 70%
• Practical examination L3 (preparing procedure): 70%
• Practical examination L1, L2, and if applicable L3: 70% and detect all mandatory discontinuities, flaws
or conditions specified by the L3.
2. The person shall have an average score of minimum 80%. The average score is calculated as the
arithmetic mean of all the individual examination scores.
In the particular case that condition 1 is satisfied but condition 2 is not satisfied, the RL3 must assess the
examination results and establish which examination must be performed again by the candidate.

2.7.13. Visual acuity examination

Every person undergoing NDT “on the job training” or seeking NDT certification for a particular method/ level in an
AMO shall pass an examination for visual acuity. This examination consists of near vision examination and colour
perception examination. Both the near vision examination and the colour perception examination shall be
administered by trained personnel designated by the RL3 or by qualified medical personnel.
The visual acuity examination requirements are as follows:
1. Near vision examination shall be performed every 12 months. The method can be:
a. Tumbling E in accordance with ISO 18490
b. 20/25 (Snellen) at 16” (40.64 cm) ± 1” (2.54 cm) in at least one eye, natural or corrected
c. Jaeger No 1 at not less than 12” (30.48 cm) in at least one eye, natural or corrected.
2. Colour perception to be performed every 60 months (5 years), they must show that the person is able to
differentiate the colours used in the NDT methods involved. It can be:
a. Ishihara test for colour-blindness
b. Other colour perception examination method.

The method of examination and the persons authorized to administer the visual examination shall be included in
the AMO NDTWP .
The results of the examination shall be documented in a report to indicate the person performing the visual acuity
examination, the date, the method used for the near vision examination and for the colour perception examination
and the result of both examinations and if visual correction was worn to pass the visual examination. An example of
visual acuity report is included in Appendix 2.

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The near vision test and the colour perception test are considered to expire at the end of the month in which they
are due.

2.8. Experience
EN4179 3.11, 3.21, 6.3, 6.3.1, 6.3.2
Every person seeking NDT certification for a particular method/ level in an AMO shall have enough experience to
assure that they are capable of performing the duties of the level for which certification is sought.
Experience is the actual performance of an NDT task or part of a task. The experience may include processing of
practical test samples in the workshop, performing equipment set-up and system performance checks, part
preparation before and after inspection, recognition, interpretation and evaluation of indications under appropriate
supervision. At least 30% of the experience shall be obtained by the performance of NDT tasks in the actual working
environment.
For L1 and L2 without previous L1 certification, the experience shall be acquired under the supervision of a L2 or L3.
For L2 with previous L1 certification, the experience shall be a combination of actual performance of L1 tasks and
performance of L2 tasks under the supervision of a L2 or L3. The minimum experience for L1, L2, L3 are included in
EN4179. The RL3 must ensure that experience is gained adequately in each technique being sought for approval
within the method

The AMO NDTWP must include the minimum experience requirements for each method and level in accordance with
EN4179 and it shall describe how the experience will be obtained. The experience shall be documented in an
experience log book. The experience log book may be a paper log book or an electronic system. The minimum
information to be recorded in the log book is indicated in Appendix 3.

2.8.1. Previous experience and equivalent experience

The RL3 may accept the previous experience in the following cases:
 the person was a trainee acquiring NDT experience in another EASA Part-145 AMO; or
 the person was previously certified under EN4179 or NAS410 in another EASA Part-145 AMO; or
 the person was previously certified under EN4179, NAS410 or the national aerospace NDT standard in a
maintenance organisation holding a national approval for maintenance or production; or
 the person was previously certified in accordance with the national military requirements in a military
maintenance organization; and
 the previous experience is properly documented with experience records/ experience log book.

The RL3 shall review the previous experience records/ logbooks to assess which portion of previous experience can
be accepted. The previous experience records shall be in English and it shall include:
 the name of organization where the experience was obtained;
 details of the tasks performed, the method and level, aircraft registration of component identification;
 the function (trainee, L1, L2) of the person performing the task;
 name of the supervisor if the task was performed under supervision;
 the date when the task was performed; and
 any other additional information necessary to determine the adequacy of the experience to the
requirements of the AMO NDTWP.

2.9. Certification and recertification

EN4179 8.1, 8.5, 8.5.1, 8.5.2, 8.5.2.1
The RL3 shall issue a certification statement when the candidate:
 has completed the qualification process (training, examination, experience);
 has achieved an average score in the examination > 80%
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 has a valid vision examination certificate in accordance with the NDTWP

If the general and specific training were completed more than 12 months before, then specific refresher training as
specified in 2.6.5 is required before the issue of the certification statement.

The certification statement shall indicate:

 method, level and, in case of L1 and L2, also the techniques for which the candidate is recommended for
certification,
 average score of examination,
 name of RL3 issuing the certification statement,
 name of the AMO and reference to the NDTWP used for the certification,
 date of issue of the statement and expiry date,
 if the individual needs visual correction for the performance of inspections, and
 any limitations determined by the RL3 or examiner.

The certification for L1, L2 and L3 expires after 5 years and it is considered to expire at the end of the month in which
it is due. Before the expiration date the NDT staff must pass recertification. The recertification consists of:

 For L1 and L2: the NDT staff must pass specific and practical examination equivalent to initial certification.
 For internal L3: the NDT staff must pass specific and practical examination equivalent to initial certification
and when he/she is authorized to process parts and/or interpret and evaluate indications he/she must pass
practical examination equivalent to initial L2 certification.
 For external L3: the certification and recertification shall follow the procedures of the outside agency. When
the external RL3 is authorized to process parts and/or interpret and evaluate he/she must pass practical
examination equivalent to initial L2 certification.

2.10. Suspension and revocation of certification statement

EN4179 8.3, 8.3.1, 8.3.2, 8.3.3, 8.4
The certification statement is suspended when:
 The vision examination is expired
 The annual maintenance is expired
 The person does not pass the annual maintenance.
 The person’s performance is found unsatisfactory in any manner.
 The person fails the recertification
 The person does not perform in the method for the AMO for more than 12 consecutive months.
After suspension, the certification statement can be reinstated when the cause for suspension is corrected.

The certification statement shall be revoked when:

 The person does not perform in the certified method for the AMO for more than 24 months
 The person does no longer work for the AMO
 The person’s conduct is unethical or the person is found incompetent.
After revocation the person must pass recertification to reinstate the certification.

2.11. Additional techniques

EN4179 3.32, 4.1.2
A L1 or L2 holding a valid certification statement from the RL3 for a particular method and technique(s) may require
to be certified for additional technique(s) not included in the certification statement. This shall be established by the
RL3 in accordance with a procedure included in the written practice. The qualification process for additional
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technique(s) shall include as a minimum practical examination using at least one test sample for each technique to
be added.

2.12. Annual maintenance

EN4179 8.6
The RL3 or other L3 nominated by the RL3 shall perform an on the job assessment of the technical proficiency of the
NDT staff for each method for which they are authorized to inspect parts. This assessment shall be performed every
12 months after certification/recertification. The annual maintenance is not necessary the year of the recertification.
The NDTWP shall include the procedure for the annual maintenance. Guidance for the annual maintenance is
provided in the document ANDTBF_12 Annual assessment prepared by the Aerospace NDTB Forum and published
on: https://www.efndt.org/Services/Document-Store?EntryId=15421

2.13. Record keeping

EN4179 4.1.6, 8.2, 8.2.1
The AMO shall keep the records necessary to demonstrate the training, experience and examination of each
NDT staff, this includes:
1. Identification of the NDT staff: name, date and place of birth, formal education,
2. Certification statement issued to the NDT staff detailing the level, method, technique date of issue and
expiry date
3. Copy of the AMO authorizations issued to the NDT staff
4. The latest examination papers (general, specific, practical) taken by the individual in the AMO. If the
examinations were performed by an outside agency then the examination papers may be kept by the
outside agency as agreed between the AMO and the outside agency.
5. The examination certificates of all examinations taken by the individual during his/her employment in
the AMO. This includes certificates issued after internal examination and certificates issued by outside
agency if an outside agency is used for examination.
6. NDT training history including: training syllabus, duration of training, dates of training, method of
training, training providers/instructors. If previous training is accepted the records shall include the
assessment of the previous training as detailed in 2.5.5.
7. NDT experience history including: the experience log book in the AMO and the records required to
accept previous experience as detailed in 2.8.1.
8. The most recent visual acuity and colour perception examination report.
9. The annual performance review records
10. Suspended or revoked certification(s) shall be documented for reason and date. If applicable, date and
action to reinstate certification(s) shall also be documented
11. NDT sign-off authorization or NDT C/S authorisation and the training and assessment records required
to issue the authorisation

The AMO shall retain the records for at least three years after the NDT staff have ceased employment with the
AMO. In addition, upon request, the AMO shall furnish the staff referred to in this point with a copy of their
personal record on leaving the organization, except for the examination papers in point 3.

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3. NDT Written practice (NDTWP)

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3.1. General

The written practice shall address the procedural details necessary for the AMO to implement an NDT
qualification and certification programme. The content and structure of the written practice is described in the
next paragraph.
The written practice is considered an associated procedure to the MOE, it shall be listed on the MOE 1.11.2 and
its implementation shall be audited by the AMO quality system.

3.2. NDTWP structure and content

PART 0: INTRODUCTION

0.1 Table of Contents

This paragraph should include the table of contents of the NDT Written Practice. For standardisation purposes
and to facilitate the production of the NDT written practice by the AMO, EASA recommends adoption of the
following table of contents.

Table of Contents

Part 0: Introduction
0.1 Table of contents
0.2 List of effective pages
0.3 List of issues/Amendments revision records
0.4 Written Practice amendment procedure
0.5 Approval of the NDT written practice
0.6 Definitions and abbreviations

Part 1: General
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Methods and techniques
1.3 Responsible Level 3 (RL3)

Part 2: Qualification and Certification procedures

2.1 Levels of qualification and certification
2.2 Training
2.3 Examination
2.4 Experience
2.5 Visual examination
2.6 Certification and recertification
2.7 Annual maintenance
2.8 Additional techniques
2.9 Record Keeping

Part 3: Appendices to the written practice

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0.2 List of Effective Pages

This paragraph shall include the list of effective pages. For guidance please refer to UG.CAO.00024 User guide
for MOE

0.3 List of Issues / Amendments Record of Revisions

This paragraph should include the list of issues and the reason for revision for change of the NDTWP.
Please note that the NDTWP issues and revisions must be numeric, for example issue 1 revision 3, the use of
the alphabet for issue and revision control shall be avoided.

0.4 NDTWP amendment procedures

This paragraph shall describe the procedure followed by the AMO for the amendment of the NDTWP. This
procedure shall indicate:
 Person responsible for amending the NDTWP
 Definition of minor & major amendments to the NDTWP and related approval process.
 Definition of criteria for new issue and/or revision (depending from the NDTWP revision system
adopted by the AMO)

0.5 Approval of the NDTWP

This paragraph shall describe the approval process of the NDTWP, it shall indicate:
 The NDTWP and any amendment to the NDTWP shall be approved by the RL3.
 After approval by the RL3, the NDTWP is submitted to the AMO quality manager for acceptance.
 The AMO quality manager shall submit the NDTWP to EASA for:
o approval, in case of direct approval; or,
o notification, in case of indirect approval.

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PART 1: GENERAL

1.1 Purpose
EN4179 3.34, 3.36, 4.1
The purpose of the NDTWP is to establish:
1. the procedures for the qualification and certification of the NDT staff;
2. the functions assigned to the different levels of NDT staff
3. the conditions for the validity of the NDT certification
4. the procedures for the suspension and revocation of the NDT certification.

NOTE: the NDTWP shall not include inspection procedures

1.2 Methods and techniques used by in the organisation

EN4179 1.3, 3.18, 3.32, 4.1.2, 4.2
This paragraph shall identify the methods and techniques used by at the AMO for which they are going to
qualify and certify NDT staff. If the AMO has several workshops performing NDT (i.e.: engine workshop,
wheel and brake workshop, aircraft structures workshop, etc.) then this paragraph shall identify the
different workshops and the methods and techniques used in each workshop.
An AMO approved for NDT in the course of maintenance can only be approved for those NDT methods/
techniques used in the course of maintenance under the EASA scope of approval. For example if the AMO
holds an EASA part-145 approval with A1 rating for aircraft XYZ and this aircraft does not have any X-ray
inspection then the AMO cannot be approved for X-ray in the course of maintenance.

1.3 Responsible Level 3

EN 4179 4.4.1
This paragraph shall identify:
 the RL3 and the methods for which he/she is qualified as L3. When the AMO is using an external
RL3 then this paragraph shall also identify the outside agency (name and contact details).
 The functions of the RL3, and for the method(s) for which the RL3 is not qualified as L3, this
paragraph shall identify the name(s) of the L3 who will perform those functions.
If the AMO uses an external RL3, then the contract between the AMO and the outside agency detailing the
functions of the RL3 shall be included in Part 3: Appendices to NDTWP.

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PART 2: QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES

2.1 Levels of qualification and certification

EN4179 5.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.1.3, 5.1.4, 5.1.5
This paragraph shall indicate for each NDT method in the scope of approval of the AMO, the levels of
qualification and certification that are going to be used and the functions assigned to each level.
If applicable, it shall detail the cases and/or tasks for which the L1 can perform the interpretation and
evaluation of indications.

2.2 Training
EN4179 3.13, 3.16, 6.1, 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.3, 6.1.4, 6.1.5, 6.2, 6.2.2
This paragraph shall identify if the training will be provided internally and/or by an outside agency.
The AMO may select to use outside agency (ies) to provide training for one or several methods. A
combination of internal and external training is also possible. For example the AMO uses an outside agency
to provide the general training and the specific training is provided internally.

2.2.1 Training course outlines

This paragraph shall include a list with the training courses for:
 the NDT training for each method and level of qualification used at the AMO.
 if applicable, the specific refresher training
The training course outlines (including syllabus, duration, type of training, reference material, etc.) shall be
included in Part 3: Appendices to NDTWP.

2.2.2 Training facilities

This paragraph shall identify the training facilities to be used for the theoretical part (classroom, meeting
room, etc.) and for the practical part of the training (classroom, workshop, etc.).

If an outside agency is used and the training is going to take place at the facilities of the outside agency,
then this paragraph shall indicate the address of the outside agency.

2.2.3 Instructors

If the training is provided internally, then this paragraph shall:

 identify the qualification requirements for instructors;
 describe the process for approval of instructors. A list of instructors may be included in part 3:
Appendices to the NDTWP or alternatively the RL3 may approve the instructors prior the
training.

If an outside agency is used to provide the training, then this paragraph shall indicate that the instructors
will be nominated by the outside agency.

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2.2.4 Training certificate

If the training is provided internally, then this paragraph shall include the procedure to issue the training
certificate by the AMO, this paragraph shall describe:
 the information contained in the certificate;
 the training attendance records to be checked before the issue of the certificate;
 the person signing the certificate

The format of the certificate shall be included in Part 3: Appendices to NDTWP

If an outside agency is used to provide the training then this paragraph shall specify the information to be
contained in the certificate.

2.2.5 Procedures for assessment of previous training and equivalent training

This paragraph shall describe the procedure for the assessment of previous training and equivalent training.
It should describe as a minimum:
 the assessment is done by the RL3;
 the information that must be available for the assessment (such as previous training
certificates, syllabus of previous training, duration of previous training, etc.);
 how the result of the assessment will be documented;
Any person credited with previous training or equivalent training must always receive the missing portions
of the training and NDT specific refresher training.

2.2.6 Health and safety training

This paragraph shall describe the health and safety training provided by the AMO to every person
undergoing on the job training or seeking certification to perform NDT tasks. It shall describe:
 Health and safety training required for each method
 When the course will be delivered
The training course outlines (including syllabus, duration, type of training, reference material, etc.) shall be
included in Part 3: Appendices to NDTWP.

2.3 Examination

2.3.1 Examination requirements

EN4179 3.2, 3.10, 3.22, 3.30, 3.33, 4.1.4, 7.1, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.1.4.1, 7.1.4.2, 7.1.4.3, 7.1.4.4, 7.2,
7.2.1, 7.2.2, 7.2.3
This paragraph is applicable both for AMO performing internal examination and also for AMO using an
outside agency to provide examinations.
This paragraph shall describe the requirements for the general, specific, additional other NDT methods and
practical examination for each method and level, such as:
 Type of the examination is open book/ closed book
 The minimum number of questions for each method/ level
 The type of questions (open questions, multiple choice questions)
 The minimum number of test samples to be used for the practical examination
 The minimum score required to pass each individual examination.
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 The minimum average score to be eligible for certification.

 If applicable, the procedure to credit the general examination

2.3.2 Internal examination procedures

This paragraph is applicable if the AMO performs internal examination. It shall describe:
 The preparation of questions and master answers
 The preparation of examination papers, whether the organisation has a question data bank or
the questions will be prepared by the examiner before the examination
 The minimum score required to pass each examination.
 The time assigned to the examination.
 The nomination of examiners (the list of examiners can be included in Part 3: Appendices to
NDTWP)
 The security of the examination (facilities where the examination will take place, maximum
number of students per examination)
 The process to select the test samples used for the practical examination taking into account
that the test samples cannot be known to the candidate
 The checklist used for the marking of the practical examination for L1,L2, L3 (this can be
included in Part 3- Appendices to NDTWP)
 The security of test samples used for practical examination
 How to issue the examination certificate
 The procedures for re-examination

2.3.3 Use of an outside agency to provide examination

This paragraph is applicable if the AMO uses an outside agency for examination.
This paragraph shall:
 Identify the outside agency to be used to provide examination.
 List all necessary information to be provided to the outside agency before the examination,
such us:
o The name of the candidate, the method and techniques, the level of certification
sought
o The type of examination (general, specific, practical, additional “other NDT method”
for L3)
o The AMO written practice
o The AMO work instructions, specifications, codes, equipment, operating procedures
and test techniques the candidate may use in the performance of his/her duties with
the employer.
 Specify the information required in the examination certificate from the outside agency after
the examination, such as:
o The name of the outside agency administering the examination
o Name of the candidate
o Name of the AMO
o Applicable Written Practice and standards used for the examination
o NDT Method, Level
o Exam Date(s)
o Certificate Issue Date
o Score for the General examination, specific examination

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o Method, Technique and score obtained for every test sample in the practical
examination

2.4 Experience
EN4179 3.11, 3.21, 6.3, 6.3.1, 6.3.2
This paragraph shall detail the hours of experience required for each method and level of certification and
how the experience will be obtained and documented. As a minimum 30% of the required experience shall
be obtained by performing NDT tasks in actual working environment.
The format of the experience log book to be used to record the experience shall be included in Part 3:
Appendices to NDTWP.

2.4.1 Procedure for assessment of previous experience

This paragraph shall describe the procedure for the assessment of previous experience and how this
assessment will be documented.

2.5 Visual examination

EN4179 7.1.1
This paragraph shall describe the method and frequency of the near vision examination and the colour
perception examination. It shall also identify:
• who will perform the visual examination,
• how the results of the visual examination will be documented, and
• how the expiry date of the visual examination will be monitored (by QA department, or by RL3, or
by NDT manager, etc.)
The format of the visual examination report to be used to record the results of the visual examination shall
be included in Part 3: Appendices to NDTWP
This para

2.6 Certification and recertification

EN4179 8.1, 8.3, 8.3.1, 8.3.2, 8.3.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.5.1, 8.5.2, 8.5.2.1

2.6.1 Certification and recertification

This paragraph shall describe the procedure for the issue of the certification statement by the RL3. This
paragraph shall include as a minimum:
 The requirements to be met by the candidate for initial certification and recertification.
 Minimum score for certification and recertification
 The validity period of the certification and recertification
 The format of the certification/recertification statement (this can be included in in Part 3:
Appendices to NDTWP)

2.6.2 Continuous validity, suspension and revocation of the certification

This paragraph shall describe the conditions under which the certification shall be suspended or revoked
and the procedure for the suspension, revocation and the reinstatement of the certification. The procedure
must explain:

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 Who (RL3 or AMO quality manager) is responsible for monitoring the continuous validity of the
certification, such as the expiry date of the vision examination, expiry date of the annual
maintenance, performing at least one NDT task in each method every 12 months, etc.
 how the suspension or revocation of the certification is notified to the affected staff
 how to reinstate a suspended certification.
 how to reinstate a revoked certification.

2.7 Annual maintenance

EN4179 8.6

This paragraph shall describe the procedure for the performance of the annual maintenance. The format
for the annual maintenance report can be included in Part 3: Appendices to NDTWP.

2.8 Additional techniques

EN4179 3.32, 4.1.2
This paragraph shall describe the procedure to be used by the RL3 for establishing the qualification required
for additional techinique(s). The procedure shall describe how the RL3 will assess and document the need
for additional training, experience and examination.

2.9 Record keeping

EN4179 4.1.6, 8.2, 8.2.1
This chapter shall describe the procedure for record keeping, this shall include:
 The records to be kept and for how long
 The record keeping system ( for example paper, electronic or a combination of different systems)
 Who is responsible for the record keeping system (this may be RL3 or the quality manager of the
AMO)
 The obligation of the AMO to provide a copy of the records to the NDT staff on leaving the
organization or at any point required by the NDT staff.

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PART 3: APPENDICES TO THE WRITTEN PRACTICE

Examples of documents that could be included as appendices to the written practice

 Contract between AMO and external RL3

 Training course outlines
 Health and safety training
 List of instructors
 List of examiners
 Format of the training certificate
 Format of the experience log book
 Format of the visual examination
 Format of the certification/ recertification statement
 Format of the annual maintenance report

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4. AMO Authorization

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4.1. General

NDT without D1 Rating (“in the course of maintenance”).

When the AMO intends to perform and release NDT tasks under another approved rating (e.g. as part of the
maintenance carried out on aircraft under rating A1, engines under rating B1, components under a C rating) the
NDT tasks are considered done in the “course of maintenance”. The various NDT methods/techniques to be
used in the course of maintenance shall be listed in the MOE 1.9. The AMO can only list in the MOE 1.9 methods
and techniques which are required under another rating (A-rating, B-rating, C-rating).
In the case of NDT without D1 rating, the AMO shall authorize NDT sign-off staff for each NDT method/technique
listed in MOE 1.9 (NDT without D1 rating).

NDT with D1 Rating.

When the AMO intends to perform NDT tasks and release such tasks using an EASA Form 1, the rating D1 is
necessary. Under the D1 rating, the capability to perform maintenance is determined by the “NDT method”
listed in the approval schedule, regardless the specific aircraft, engine or component which is subject to the
inspection method. The various NDT methods/techniques shall be listed in the MOE 1.9. In this case the AMO
shall authorize NDT certifying staff (C/S) for each method/technique listed in MOE 1.9 (NDT under the D1 rating)

The AMO may be approved both for NDT with D1 rating and for NDT without D1 rating, in such a case the AMO
shall authorize both NDT sign-off staff and NDT C/S.

4.2. NDT sign-off staff

The AMO shall have procedures for the authorization of NDT sign-off staff. These procedures will be included in
the MOE 3.11 and the authorization process shall be under the responsibility of the quality manager or the
person designated by the quality manager.
NDT sign-off staff means that the person is authorized to perform the activities necessary to complete the NDT
task and sign-off the work card, including:
 set up and standardize equipment;
 conduct system performance checks in accordance with instructions issued by the AMO;
 process parts, including any necessary preparation before and after inspection;
 interpret and evaluate indications; and
 document the results in the work card or NDT report as applicable.

4.2.1. Issue of the initial NDT sign-off staff authorization

The NDT sign-off staff shall have the following:

 a valid L2 certification statement issued in the last 12 months6 by the RL3 for the methods and
techniques for which he/she is going to be authorized, or in specific cases a L1 certification statement
issued in the last 12 months by the RL3 for the methods, techniques and specific task or products for
which he/she is going to be authorized,
 a valid near vision test and colour perception test
 Health and safety training in accordance with NDTWP
 HF training as required in MOE 3.13

6 The certification statement is suspended if the person does not perform in the method for more than 12 months
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 Training on the organisation procedures and MOE applicable to NDT activity as required in the MOE
 EWIS and Fuel Tank Safety training as required in MOE 3.14
 Satisfactory competence assessment as required in MOE 3.14
 a working knowledge of the language in which the NDT instructions and/or maintenance data are
published AND English.

4.2.2. Continuous validity of the NDT sign-off staff authorisation

The AMO must have a process to monitor the continuous validity of the NDT sign-off authorization. The initial
authorization is valid as long as:
 The certification statement is not expired, suspended or revoked
 The near vision test and colour perception test are not expired
 The person has passed a satisfactory annual maintenance in the last 12 months
 The person has received continuation training as required in the MOE (organisation procedures, HF,
EWIS, FTS)
 The person has passed a satisfactory competence assessment in accordance with the MOE

4.3. NDT certifying staff (NDT C/S)

The AMO with D1 rating shall have procedures for the authorization of NDT C/S. These procedures shall be
included in the MOE 3.4.
NDT certifying staff means that the person is authorised to perform the activities necessary to complete the
NDT task and issue a release to service, including:
 set up and standardize equipment;
 conduct system performance checks in accordance with the applicable process standard;
 process parts including any necessary preparation before and after inspection;
 interpret and evaluate indications ;
 document the results in the work card or NDT report as applicable; and,
 Issue a release to service detailing the work performed and the results.

4.3.1. Issue of the initial NDT C/S authorisation

The NDT C/S shall have:

 a valid L2 certification statement issued in the last 12 months by the RL3 for the methods and
techniques for which he/she is going to be authorized; or in specific cases a L1 certification statement
issued by the RL3 for the methods, techniques and specific products or task for which he/she is going
to be authorized;
 a valid near vision test and colour perception test;
 health and safety training as required in the NDTWP
 a training on human factors referred to in module 9 of Appendix I to Annex III (EASA Part-66).
 a training on aviation legislation referred to in module 10 of Appendix I to Annex III (EASA Part-66)
 2 years of aeronautical experience in the field of aviation maintenance including at least 12 months of
practical experience in NDT maintenance (as trainee or level 1 or level 2 or level 3)
 HF training as required in MOE 3.13
 training on the organisation procedures and MOE applicable to NDT activity as required in the MOE.
 EWIS and Fuel Tank Safety training as required in MOE 3.14
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 satisfactory competence assessment as required in MOE 3.14

 a working knowledge of the language in which the maintenance data is published AND English.
 more than 21 years of age, and
 6 months of recent NDT experience during the 24 months prior to the issue of the C/S authorisation.

For further guidance, refer to the “Foreign Part 145 –demonstration of 6/24 months maintenance
experience, UG.CAO.00128-xxx”

4.3.2. Continuous validity of the NDT C/S authorization

The AMO shall have a process to monitor and ensure the continuous validity of the NDT C/S authorization. The
initial authorization is valid as long as the following conditions are met:

 The certification statement is not expired, suspended or revoked.

 The near vision test and colour perception test are not expired
 The NDT C/S has received continuation training within the last 24 months including Human Factors,
FTS, EWIS and MOE as applicable.
 The NDT C/S has 6 months of recent NDT experience during any consecutive 24 months period. The
experience will be counted in total for all the NDT methods and techniques for which the individual is
authorised.
 The NDT C/S has passed satisfactory competence assessment as required in MOE 3.14 within previous
12 months.

For further guidance, refer to the “Foreign Part 145 –demonstration of 6/24 months maintenance
experience, UG.CAO.00128-xxx”

4.4. Competence assessment of NDT staff

The procedure for competence assessment of NDT C/S and NDT sign-off staff shall be included in MOE 3.14.
The aim of the assessment is to ensure compliance of the NDT sign-off staff and NDT C/S with the relevant EASA
Part 145 requirements, with EN4179, with the criteria defined in this user guide and to ensure that each NDT
C/S and NDT sign-off staff possesses the expected competence(s) associated to his/her job function (proposed
scope of work and level of maintenance). This assessment shall also take into consideration attitude and
behaviour.
The competence assessment is required before granting an initial EASA Part-145 C/S or sign-off staff individual
authorisation, to extend the scope of an issued authorisation to add new methods or technciques and to ensure
the continuous validity of the C/S and sign off authorisation.
As a consequence the maintenance organisation shall demonstrate through a competence assessment that the
NDT C/S or sign-off staff:
• Meets the qualification criteria addressed in 4.2 or 4.3;
• Has the relevant knowledge, skills and ability to perform the maintenance tasks related to his/her job
function including the relevant language knowledge;
• Is able to perform the activities included in the scope of its authorisation (this may include to complete
the NDT task and document the results properly).

In the case of initial authorisation or extension of the scope of an already existing authorisation (add new
methods/ techniques), the competence assessment must:
• Be specifically tailored to the methods/ technciques intended to be covered by the authorization;

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• include evaluation of “On the Job Performance” and /or “testing of knowledge” by appropriately
qualified personnel;

In addition, the following shall be taken into account when doing the competence assessment of NDT staff

• The annual maintenance is an “on the job assessment” of the technical proficiency of the NDT staff for
each method for which they are authorized to inspect parts. The AMO shall describe in MOE 3.14 which
elements of the competence assessment are reviewed during the annual maintenance, such as for
example:
o Ability to use, control and be familiar with required tooling and/or equipment
o Ability to confirm proper accomplishment of maintenance tasks
o Ability to understand work orders, work cards and refer to and use applicable maintenance data
• It is recommended that the competence assessment form contains an open text field where the person
responsible for the assessment records the questions raised, comments or any other information useful
to support the recommendation for the pass/fail result. A “box-ticking” exercise would be pointless.

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4.5. Summary table for EASA PART-145 NDT C/S and sign-off staff qualification criteria

NDT C/S NDT sign-off staff

NDT NDT • 7
valid L2 certification statement issued within the 12 months previous of the issue of the C/S or sign off
requirements certification
staff authorisation by the RL3 for the methods and techniques for which the candidate is going to be
authorized; or,
Initial authorisation or extension of the

• in specific cases a valid L1 certification statement issued in the last 12 months8 previous of the issue of
the C/S or sign off staff authorisation by the RL3 for the methods, techniques and specific products or
task for which the candidate is going to be authorized.
authorisation

Visual acuity • Valid near vision test

examination
• Valid colour perception test
Aeronautical 2 years of aeronautical experience in the field of aviation maintenance n/a
experience including at least 12 months of practical experience in NDT
maintenance as L1, L2 or L39
Technical Additional MOE and internal procedures applicable to NDT C/S (including issuance MOE and internal procedures
training training of EASA form 1, documenting results, etc.) applicable to NDT sign-off staff
(including signing off tasks,
documenting results, etc.)

7 The certification statement is suspended if the person does not perform in the method for more than 12 months
8 The certification statement is suspended if the person does not perform in the method for more than 12 months
9 If the L3 is authorised to process parts and interpret and evaluate indications and document results.

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• Initial Human Factor training According to 145.A.30(e) and GM 1 145.A.30 (e) syllabus;
In addition, where needed, appropriate training on:
• Fuel Tank Safety items, CDCCL level 1, or level 2 after 31/12/2010, (refer to Appendix IV to AMC to
145.A.30(e) and 145.B.10(3) for further details);
• Electrical Wiring Interconnection System (refer to AMC 20-22 for further details);
• Any additional training(s) justified during the assessment performed by the maintenance organisation
(e.g. aviation legislation, familiarisations with aircraft/ engine/ component maintenance, etc.)
General HF and Human Factor M9 and aviation Legislation M10 training as detailed in n/a
training and Aviation the EASA Part- 66.
legislation
experience training
Maintenance 6 months of recent NDT experience during the 24 months prior to the n/a
experience issue of the C/S authorisation
Other Language Working knowledge of the language in which the maintenance data is Working knowledge of the
knowledge published AND working knowledge of English for documenting the language in which the
results and issuing the CRS (and for EU Airworthiness directives if maintenance data is published
required). AND working knowledge of English
for documenting results (and for
EU Airworthiness directives if
required).
Competence Documented competence assessment as required in MOE 3.14
assessment

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NDT C/S NDT sign-off staff

Continued NDT • Verification that the NDT certification statement remains valid, and it is not expired, suspended or revoked
validity of the requirements
NDT C/S and • Valid annual maintenance
sign off Visual acuity • Valid near vision test
authorisations examination
• Valid colour perception test
Maintenance 6 months of relevant NDT experience within each 24 months period Evidence that the person has performed an
experience NDT task in the particular method within the
scope of his/her authorisation for the AMO in
the previous 12 months.
Continuation • MOE continuation training
training
• HF continuation training
• EWIS continuation training (if applicable)
Competence Documented competence assessment as required in MOE 3.14
assessment

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4.6. Summary of assessment for EASA PART-145 NDT C/S and NDT sign-off staff

Purpose of the Assessment

 Initial grant  Extension  Continuous validity
The competence assessment shall include evaluation of “On the Job Performance” and /or “testing of
knowledge” by appropriately qualified personnel
I
QUALIFICATION

Normally Open
NDT C/S
included in text
and sign-
annual field*
off staff
maintenance
Refer to the Summary table (§4.5) for Foreign Part- 145 NDT C/S
I.1. X
and sign-off staff qualification
II
KNOWLEDGE
II.1. Knowledge of applicable officially recognised standards X
II.2. Knowledge of human factors, human performance and
X
limitations
II.3. Knowledge of maintenance organisation capabilities, privileges
X
and limitations
II.4. Knowledge of EASA Part-M, EASA Part-145 (and any other
X
relevant regulations)
II.5. Knowledge of relevant parts of the MOE and associated
X
procedures
II.6. Knowledge of safety risks linked to the working environment X
II.7. Knowledge on CDCCL (when relevant) X
II.8. Knowledge on EWIS (when relevant) X
II.9. Knowledge of occurrence reporting system and understanding of
the importance of reporting occurrences, incorrect maintenance X
data and existing or potential defects
III
UNDERSTANDING
III.1. Understanding of professional integrity, behaviour and attitude
X
towards safety
III.2. Understanding of conditions for ensuring continuing
X
airworthiness of aircraft and components
III.3. Understanding of his/her own human performance and
X
limitations
III.4. Understanding of personnel authorisations and limitations X
III.5. Understanding critical task X
IV
ABILITY
IV.1 Ability to supervise the performance of tasks carried out by non
X
C/S personnel (i.e. mechaniC/S, etc.)
IV.2 Ability to compile and control completed work cards X
IV.3 Ability to consider human performance and limitations. X
IV.4 Ability to determine required qualifications for task performance X
IV.5 Ability to identify and rectify existing and potential unsafe
X
conditions
IV.6 Ability to check and document proper accomplishment of
X YES
maintenance tasks
IV.7 Ability to prioritize tasks and report discrepancies X YES
IV.8 Ability to process the work requested by the customer X YES
IV.10 Ability to properly process removed, uninstalled and rejected
X
parts

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IV.11 Ability to properly record and sign for work accomplished X YES
IV.13 Ability to understand work orders, work cards and refer to and use
X YES
applicable maintenance data
IV.14 Ability to use information systems X
IV.15 Ability to use, control and be familiar with required tooling and/or
X YES
equipment
Adequate communication and literacy skills:
The NDT C/S and NDT sign-off staff shall be able to demonstrate a working knowledge of the language in which the
maintenance data is published and English.
Note: This list shall not be considered as exhaustive. It remains the responsibility of the maintenance organisations
to adjust it.
*It is recommended that the assessment form contains an open text field where the person responsible for the
assessment records the questions raised, comments or any other information useful to support the recommendation
for the pass/fail result.

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5. Appendices to the UG

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Appendix 1: Example marking checklist for practical examination L1/ L2

AMO name NDT Written practice reference:

Name: Date:

Method: Level: 1 / 2 Technique:

Procedure/ written instruction: Test sample:

Subject Max score Score achieved

Understanding of procedure/ work

A a
instruction

System performance checks B b

Equipment set-up C c
Part preparation D d
Safety precautions E e
Step by step performance F f
Interpreting results G g
Writing test report H h

Sub-total score A+B+C+D+E+…=100 a+b+c+d+e+…= S

All discontinuities detected?
If YES then D=1
If NO then D=0 D

Final score = S x D
(final score ≥ 70, then this examination is PASS)

Examiner: Signature examiner

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Appendix 2: Example visual acuity examination report

AMO name NDT Written practice reference:

Name of the person tested:

Date of test:

Near vision test

Visual correction wear during test: YES/ NO
Method used:
Result:

Colour perception test

Method used in the colour perception test:
Result:

Name of examiner: Signature examiner:

DD/MM/YYYY (12 months after the date of

Expiry date of near vision test:
the test)

DD/MM/YYYY ( 5 years after the date of the

Expiry date of colour perception test
test)

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Appendix 3: Example experience log-book

Name:
Method:
Level sought: L1 / L2 / L3
Organisation:
Name of RL3 reviewing and accepting the experience on this page:
Date reviewed by RL3
Signature of RL3:

ID Date Operation performed NDT task or work A/C Reg or Work order Time Supervisor
(inspection of test sample/ equipment instruction used component p/n s/n reference (Hours) (if the task is performed as L1 and
set-up/ system performance check/ no supervisor is required please
part processing/ result interpretation) indicate “n/a L1 task”)

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Appendix 4: Example examination report

AMO name NDT Written practice reference:

Name: Date:

Method: Level: 1 / 2 / 3

Exam type Score required Score achieved Re-examination

General ≥ 70% a

Specific ≥ 70% b
Practical
Sample 1: Technique 1 ≥ 70% d
Sample 2: Technique 2 ≥ 70% e
Sample 3: Technique 3 ≥ 70% f
Preparation of work instruction ≥ 70% g
Average score for certification ≥ 80%

Name of Examiner (s): Signature RL3

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Guide Approval Date 23/09/2022

Appendix 5: Draft guidance definition of methods and techniques

The table attached in the next page is a draft document prepared by the ANDTBF and used in this
UG as guidance.

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Guide Approval Date 23/09/2022

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