1.

Stability of free radicals can be explained on the basis of

a) Inductive effect
b) Electromeric effect
c) Hyperconjugation
d) Mesomeric effect

Answer: c
Explanation: Stability of free radicals can be explained on the basis of hyperconjugation effect
and ease of formation.
2. The hybridisation of carbocation is _
a) Sp
b) Sp2
c) Sp3
d) Sp3d

Answer: b
Explanation: The hybridisation of carbocation is sp2. A carbocation is molecule in which a
carbon atom bears three bonds and a positive charge.
3. Arrange the following carbocations in the order of increasing stability.
a) Benzyl > 30 > 20 > 10
b) Benzyl > 10 > 20 > 30
c) 30 > 20 > 10 > Benzyl
d) 10 > 20 > 30 > Benzyl

Answer: a
Explanation: The correct stability order of carbocation is- Benzyl > 30 > 20 > 10. Benzyl
carbocation is the most stable and 10 carbocation is least stable.
4. The shape of carbocation is
a) Pyramidal
b) Bent
c) Linear
d) Trigonal planar

Answer: d
Explanation: The shape of the carbocation is a trigonal planar. It is sp2 hybridised. A carbocation
is molecule in which a carbon atom bears three bonds and a positive charge.
5. Carbonium ions are the intermediates in which the positive charge is carried by the carbon
atom with electrons in the valence shell.
a) 6
b) 5
c) 4
d) 3

Answer: a
Explanation: Carbonium ions are the intermediates in which the positive charge is carried by the
carbon atom with six electrons in the valence shell. It is an organic cation in which the positive
charge is located on a carbon atom.

6. Positive charge of carbocations can be dispersed by

a) (+I) effect of alkyl group
b) Resonance in allyl or benzyl carbocation
c) Hyperconjugation in 10, 20 and 30 carbocations
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: Positive charge of carbocations can be dispersed by (+I) effect of alkyl group or by
resonance in allyl or benzyl carbocation or by hyperconjugation in 10, 20 and 30 carbocations.
7. Alkyl substitution at the carbon bearing positive charge stabilizes carbocations.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: Alkyl substitution at the carbon bearing positive charge stabilizes carbocations.
Carbocation is a molecule in which a carbon atom bears three bonds and a positive charge.
8. The formal charge at the carbocation is equal to
a) -1
b) 0
c) +1
d) +2

Answer: c
Explanation: The formal charge at the carbocation is equal to +1. A carbocation is molecule in
which a carbon atom bears three bonds and a positive charge.
9. The homolytic bond dissociation energy is inversely proportional to the
a) Bond length
b) Ease of formation
c) Dipole moment
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: The homolytic bond dissociation energy is inversely proportional to the ease of
formation of free radicals. Free radicals do not carry any charge.
10. Which of the following free radical has the maximum ease of formation?
a) 10
b) 20
c) 30
d) CH3
Answer: c
Explanation: 30 free radical has the maximum ease of formation. Free radicals do not carry any
charge.

11.Which carbocation is the most stable?

a)

b)

c)

d)
Answer: b
Explanation: This is stabilized by extended conjugation. The more adjacent methyl groups there
are, the larger hyperconjugation stabilization is because of the increased number of adjacent C–H
bonds.
12.Which one among the following carbocations has the longest half-life?

a)

b)

c)

d)
Answer: a
Explanation: Higher the stability of cation more will be its half-life. As, in the carbocation, p
orbital overlap with the compound, will be more stabilizing factor than aromaticity.
13.The order of decreasing stability of the following cations is:
(I) CH3C+HCH3 (II) CH3C+HOCH3 (III) CH3C+HCOCH3
a) III > II > I
b) I > II > III
c) II > I > III
d) I > III > II

Answer: a
Explanation: (II) Here, Mesomeric effect stabilizes carbocation. So, it is highly stabilized.

(I) It is stabilized by hyperconjugation.

(III) It is destabilized as because of carbonyl group; more electronegative Oxygen is present it

will decrease electron density of C+.

14.Which of the following is most stable intermediate?

a)

b)

c)
d)

Answer: c
Explanation: Stabilized by +M effect of OH and hyperconjugation effect (5αH).
15.Which intermediate is involved in the reaction given below?

a) free radical
b) carbocation
c) carbanion
d) carbene

Answer: d
Explanation: As we can see, in first step in presence to light carbene is formed.

16.Among the following which is most stabilized

cation?a)

b)

c)
d)

Answer: c
Explanation: The positive charge of carbon will be stabalised by mesomeric effect of -
NH2 group.
17.Arrange the following intermediate into decreasing order of stability.

a) I > II > III > IV

b) II > IV > III > I
c) II > I > IV > III
d) II > I > III > IV

Answer: d
Explanation: Mesomeric effect will stabilize carbocation is highly stable.

+M effect of –NH2 > –OH

18.Arrange the following intermediate into decreasing order of stability.
a) I > III > II > IV
b) II > III > IV > I
c) III > IV > II > I
d) I > III > IV > II

Answer: a
Explanation: Mesomeric effect will stabilize carbocation is highly stable.

19.What is the correct decreasing order of stability of following cation?

a) II > III > I > IV

b) IV > II > III > I
c) IV > III > I > II
d) III > I > II > IV

Answer: b
Explanation:
(I) It is destabilized by –M and high –I effect.

(II) It is destabilized by –I nature only at meta position –M effect.

(III) It is destabilized by –M and less –I effect.

(IV) There is no destabilisation by group.

20.What is the correct decreasing order of stability of following cation?

a) I > II > III > IV

b) I > IV > II > III
c) I > III > II > IV
d) IV > III > II > I

Answer: c
stability order IExplanation: High +I, > III > II > IV.
11.