Future continuous

Action that will be in progress around a specific time in the future

• Try to call before 8 o'clock. After that, we'll be watching the match.

Will be + Ving
 Future perfect

Action that will finish before a certain time in the future

• The guests are coming at 8 p.m. I'll have finished cooking by then.
Will + have + V3
 Conditionals
• Zero conditional - To talk about situations which are always true

If you mix blue and yellow, you get green. (If + present simple, present simple)

• First conditional - To talk about possible situations and their possible results in the future

She’ll be happy if you phone her. (If + present simple , will +inf )

• Second conditional - To talk about imaginary, unlikely or impossible situations in the present or future

If I knew the answer to number six, I would tell you. (If + past simple , would +inf )

• Third conditional - To talk about imaginary situations in the past / regret

If we hadn’t taken a map, we would have got lost.

If + past perfect , would/ might/ could have + past participle

 Mixed conditional
To express present result of an unreal past action

If I had won the lottery, I would be rich now.

If+ past perfect , would + infinitive

To express past result of an unreal present situation

If I wasn’t a woman, they would have given me a job.

If + V2 , would + have + V3
 Alternatives to if
 To hypothesise about the present (imagining a situation)

Suppose I accidentally told Maria about the party, that would ruin the surprise.

Suppose + past simple Would + Vinf

 To talk about future possibility and its results

I will borrow my bike as long as you are careful.

Unless it is free, I won't go.

As long as / unless + present simple Will + Vinf

 I wish / if only
You would like things to be different now or in the future

• I wish I could disappear.

• If only someone understood me.

I wish/ if only + Past simple

To talk about regret

If only I had studied harder for the test.

I wish/ if only + Past perfect

It’s time
• To say we think someone should do something

• It’s time you went to bed.

It’s time + Subject + V2

I would prefer to / I would rather/

To talk about our own preference

• I'd prefer to take a taxi.

Would prefer + to + Vinf

• I'd sooner go to the park and play football for real.

Would sooner / would rather + Vinf

I would prefer to / I would rather

• If the subject of the second verb is different

• I’d prefer it if you didn't keep taking my things.

I’d prefer it if + Subj + V2

• I'd rather you didn’t practise right now.

I’d rather/ sooner + Subj + V2

 Reported speech

I have an appointment next week.

She said she had an appointment the following week.

Pronouns Tenses Time and place expressions

 Direct speech Reported speech

Present simple Past simple

Present continuous Past continuous

Present perfect Past perfect

Past simple Past perfect

Past continuous Past perfect continuous

Past perfect Past perfect

Will Would

Can Could

May Might

Have to Had to
Direct speech Indirect speech

Now Then

Today That day

Here There

This That

Tomorrow The following day/ The next day/ The day after

Next week The following week/ The next week/ The week after

Yesterday The previous day/ The day before

Last week The previous week/ The week before

Ago Previously/ Before

Tonight That night

 Cause and effect linkers

• We had to cancel the match ------------------- bad weather.

Due to As a result Because of

• The weather was bad. --------------- we had to cancel the match.

Consequently
 Passive report structures
• to report information in a formal way or to report facts.

• It is known that the sky is blue

• The sky is known to be blue

• Be + reporting verb (V3) + to + Vinf

• It is known that the criminal escaped

• The criminal is known to have escaped

• Be + reporting verb (V3) + to + have + V3

 Passives: verbs with two objects

• The teacher read the children a story.

• Verb + indirect object + direct object The children were read a story.

• The teacher read a story to the children. The story was read to the children.

• Verb + direct object + indirect object